یوسف مقدسی

Forging and distorting or applying traditions to the claimants of Mahdism, with the aim of abusing its enormous political and social capacity, is one of the disadntages of saviorist traditions. These actions had started since the first century of Hijrah, especially after the martyrdom of Imam Hossein (A. S),  parallel with the uprisings of supporters of Ahl al-Bayt (A. S) and some other groups. Examining the historical sources of that period and the existence of some common concepts in the historical narrations of Zubair's uprising and the saviorist traditions of Sunnits, strengthens the possibility that Zubair's movement is also among the same opportunists due to the following reasons: not accompanying of Bani Hashem with Ibn e- Zubair, circulating the news about Muhammad ibn e- Hanafiyah by Mukhtar al- Thaqafi as Ibn e- Zubair's long-time rival, and Ibn e- Zubair's self-proclaimed caliphate's need for legitimacy and consequently the need for the public support to confront the army of Al- Sham. This article examines this issue through the method of historical analysis.

Qur'an has used all the methods including expression, literature and art in the most beautiful way. Using Quranic data and philosophical analysis of words, this article searches for the depth of permanence of Quranic expressive methods over long periods of time. The method used in this research is library study and the use of Quranic verses and authentic religious texts in a descriptive and qualitative way. Teachings of understanding the language of the Quran can generally play a central role in the foundations of semantics and revealed linguistics. The perception of religion and revelation teachings is that the language of religion is compatible with the language of nature and is understandable for all people. The language of religion is not a mystery or code that people cannot understand; Because religion has come to guide people. If the language of religion and its expression methods are coded and enigmatic, its goal, which is guidance, choice, growth and evolution, will be difficult to achieve. The result of this research shows that the artistic language of the Quran and its expressive methods are influenced by rhetorical styles.

 The training of a mujahid human being is a special type of educational principles that has been given a lot of attention in Islam, and in this regard, some characteristics have been mentioned in the Qur'an for it, because the training of this type of human being can have many effects on human societies.Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the definition and characteristics of a mujahid man based on the verses of the Holy Quran.

 According to the subject documentation presented in this research, the research method is descriptive-analytical and the method of collecting library information, which was collected from documentary studies and researched and described using the method of analyzing Quranic-religious texts.

 We achieved this important thing that since the beginning of Islam, the spiritual education of the mujahid man is always emphasized and paid attention to by the religion of Islam and the Qur'an, and he is considered a perfect example of a human being who, in addition to possessing character and moral qualities, also pays great attention to the teachings of the Qur'an.

 Based on these components, what shows the legitimacy and dedication of a Mujahid man's education is that he has characteristics such as preferring the hereafter to this world, having strong faith, having the spirit of trust in God Almighty, hoping for divine mercy, facing justice and guidance. Being a prayerful person is tolerance and perseverance against the hardships of struggle, having the spirit of enjoining good and forbidding evil, taking responsibility, obeying divine guidance and leadership, and anti-tyranny.

The immutable and fixed laws in the world of creation, which guide all human beings to achieve growth and excellence, are known as imtihan (exam) and sometimes ibtila' (trial) in the verses of the Qur'an, and with the tradition of trials, human potential and inherent talents have the opportunity to emerge and actualize. Thus, the rule of kindness and guidance (Qaidah al-Lutf) becomes meaningful for humans. The importance and necessity of the tradition of trail is to the extent that it leads from neglect to awakening, from ignorance to knowledge, and from disobedience to worship. The purpose of this tradition in the book of divine creation is to remind the best system that demands the best action and in return, the mercy of the Supreme Creator, which is the goal of creation, is granted to man. Through the evidence of the worldly life and the inner system of existence, what is achieved is God's test in order to pay attention to God's blessings and use potential talents to make his existence and life valuable.This article, using the descriptive-analytical method and using library sources, has dealt with the research and exploration of authentic verses and narrations in expressing the types of imtihan and ibtila' in the context of Takwini and Tashrir'i events, and for this purpose, it has been benefited from the collection of Qur'an interpretations and Sunnah of the Prophet and the Infallibles, (peace be upon them). The results indicate that divine exams and trials play an important role in creating motivation and progress, promotion, purification of sins and awareness and awakening for repentance and return to God

Anas with the Holy Quran is full of the care of God Almighty for "Dhi Al-Qarbi and Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them)". According to the authentic and agreed upon hadiths about the Ahl al-Bayt (AS) by the Holy Prophet (PBUH), both in the form of holy hadiths and the prophetic hadiths mentioned in the text of the article, all indicate the need for love for the Ahl al-Bayt by all Muslims. The purpose of this research is to process the love for the Ahl al-Bayt (AS) from the perspective of the Qur'an and the Sunnah of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) by explaining the verse of Maudut. According to the findings of this article, according to several narrations that have been introduced through the first-hand texts of Shiites and Sunnis, the examples in question of the verse of Mawdat are the same (pure Imams (as)). Therefore, love for the pure Imams and love for those rulers is a religious necessity and a public duty for all Muslims. The method used is library study and the use of Quranic verses and original religious texts in a descriptive-analytical and qualitative manner.

Throughout human life on earth, man has hated the word oppression and exploitation and has considered it as an intellectual and religious ugliness. The pure nature of God as a very moving tool has prevented his domination, but any society that has a cultural background of domination and oppression has helped the arrogant and colonialist in his "superior self-vision". The reference to the noble verses of the Qur'an in "Wrong not, and ye shall not be wronged." indicates such a meaning. The purpose of this article is to show the face of arrogance in today's human society. The quality of anti-arrogance from the perspective of the Qur'an and the explanation of the methods of fighting arrogance by presenting noble verses are reassuring; And it will be peace and self-esteem. This study is descriptive and philosophical and analytical and library studies.

the word "discrimination" has always been considered by groups of people in society, the feelings of discriminators have struggled with discrimination and inequality in various ways. The issue of gender discrimination has been a focus of concern in the past and has intensified with the growth of feminist schools over the past decades. In the past few years, a person nicknamed Dr. Soha, by writing the book "Critique of the Qur'an" and publishing it in real and virtual websites, has created suspicions that all kinds of discrimination, including discrimination against women, are allowed in the Qur'an. The focus of this article is the Qur'anic response to the "suspicion of discrimination against women" which Soha attributed to the Qur'an based on verse 32 of Nisa Surah. This article, which uses the method of content analysis and organized library studies, while responding to this suspicion, has concluded that the suspicions created by Soha, has fundamental forms and the verses of the Qur'an have fought against all forms of discrimination and injustice and explained just programs for humanity, especially in social and family relations.

Increasing prevalence of diabetes and its complications, including cardiovascular problems increase the cost of health care which could be diminished with proper planning to change lifestyle. The present study investigated the effect of aerobic and resistance trainings on blood GDF15 level as a protective marker on cardiovascular cells in patients with type 1 diabetes.

In this quasi-experimental study, 32 patients with type 1 diabetes were divided into aerobic training group and resistance exercise training group. Serum GDF15 levels were measured in all patients before and after the exercises. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney and Bootstrap in SPSS.

In this study, the GDF-15 levels significantly increased after the exercises (P <0.05) and the effect size was 15%. The GDF-15 levels were found to be significantly higher in aerobic training group than resistance exercise training group (P <0.05).

There is a positive relationship between exercise and GDF15 level in type 1 diabetic patients which is more significant in aerobic training group.

Throughout the centuries and eras, human beings have always sought to know the world around them and, consequently, to find the way to the depths of their existential nature. The Holy Quran has paid attention to this important matter as an eternal divine miracle and has been considered by scholars of different sciences as a reliable source. Despite all these advances in the experimental sciences, so far only parts of the miracles and scientific secrets of the Qur'an have been discovered for humanity. Despite the astonishment of experimental scientists in the deep scientific content of the Qur'an, throughout history, some people with specific goals have sought to cast doubt on the divine revelations. The focus of this article, which is based on content analysis method and using organized library studies, is to answer three of the doubts raised in the book "Critique of the Qur'an" about the stages of fetal development, using Qur'anic verses. One of the most important results of this article is that the suspicions created by Suha (the author of the book) have fundamental problems and the medical content in the Qur'an is consistent with the findings of modern sciences.

If the language of religion and verbal models is mysterious and enigmatic, the aims which are leading, selection, development and evolution would be cumbersome. The present article seeks for permanent depth of Quranic models during long periods by Quranic data and philosophical analysis of elements; the aim is enjoying ideal using of discovered models of Quran in today’s texts. The applied method is librarian and the method of using Verses of Quran and noble religious texts is descriptive and qualitative. Doctrines of knowing language of Quran generally may play key role in semantics and linguistics principles.

Undoubtedly, understanding the word and message of God from the Holy Quran is one of the most important factors in educating human beings. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the role of Qur’anic teachings in educating human beings.

According to the thematic documents presented in this research, the research method was descriptive-analytical and the data collection method was a library that was collected from the type of documentary studies of research data and researched and described using the method of analyzing Quranic-religious texts. it placed.

The findings showed that the Quranic teachings that are effective in educating a Mujahideen human being were: prayer, supplication, remembrance of God, repentance, trust, lawful sustenance, enjoining the good and forbidding the evil, preaching, self-cultivation and The pattern of goodness.

The results showed that the training of human beings and attention to the dimension of their training is abundantly mentioned in the verses of the Qur’an and in a way that it can be said that the training of spiritual human beings and human beings has been emphasized and considered in the verses of the Qur’an

As is commonly believed, mystical manner of life cannot be in agreement with political manner of life. The former is based upon solitude and refraining from sin while the latter upon roguery and trick. Neither mystics may be successful politician with regard to their simplicity and purity nor politicians pure governors. The paper, however, relying on Imam Khomieni`s mystic-politcal manner of life as a true mystic, has intended to show that one can rule justicly and affect international equivalences positively. The necessity of the study with regard to the Divine model of government would be clear. The problem of the paper is descriptive and the relationship of mystics` manner of life and the place of religious sovereignty has been studied in it.