مقالات رزومه دکتر سعید بکایی

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is the most significant livestock disease in the world and can cause great economic losses to the population of domestic ruminants. This study aims to investigate the economic impacts of FMD on dairy farms in West Azerbaijan province during the period of 2017-18.

Employing a questionnaire survey, this study covered all industrial dairy farms affected by the disease in eight units during the specified period. The results underwent descriptive analysis using Excel software version 2013 and SPSS version 18.

Absolute (in million Rials) and relative (percent) losses attributable to FMD were categorized as follows: mortality losses amounted to 2,170 million Rials (60.6%), distress sale of livestock reached 713 million Rials (19.9%), treatment incurred 288.65 million Rials (8.1%), short-term reduction of milk production accounted for 193.35 million Rials (5.4%), extra labor costs totaled 152.4 million Rials (4.3%), abortion amounted to 35 million Rials (1%), and sampling costs were 32 million Rials (0.9%). The total losses from FMD in dairy industrial farms were estimated at 3584.4 million Rials, equivalent to 38,758 dollars at the average exchange rate of one dollar to 92,487 Rials in 2018.

The substantial investment in dairy farms amplifies the economic impact of FMD, resulting in prolonged recovery periods and contributing to a decline in livestock and dairy production in the province and the country.

The widespread prevalence of COVID-19 and the increasing number of patients indicate the need of the health system to measure the quality indicators of health care. The aim of this study was to determine the level of satisfaction of discharged patients with the diagnosis of COVID-19 from the quality of nursing services in the corona ward.

This cross-sectional study was performed on 110 patients discharged from the corona ward of 22 Bahman Hospital in Khaf over a period of six months. The data collection tool was a questionnaire of patients' satisfaction with the quality of SERVQUAL nursing services, which was conducted by the researcher by telephone from discharged patients. Data were analyzed using SPSS 15 statistical software and one-sample t-test, independent samples t-test and one-way analysis of variance at the significant level of α=0.05.

In the present study, 71 patients (64.5%) were male and 39 patients (35.5%) were female. The highest frequency was related to patients with literacy education (38.2%) and aged 51-60 years (44.5%). Patients' satisfaction with the quality of nursing services in general and its dimensions was moderate (p<0.001).

Since in this study, the satisfaction of COVID-19 patients with nursing services in the corona ward was moderate, it is suggested to managers to plan to motivate nurses in COVID-19 patient care wards. Also, nurses working in the corona ward must be supported in order to encourage them to provide quality care services to eventually increase patient satisfaction with nursing services.

Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious, fatal, and severe viral disease of small ruminants. The causative agent is a morbillivirus, Peste des petitsruminants virus (PPRV). This study was performed to detect and identify recently circulating PPR virus in small ruminants in the Khorasan Razavi region in Iran. A total of 100 samples(blood, spleen and lymph node) were collected from affected and dead animals. All of the samples were positive with Reverse Transcriptase PCR for viral genome. 7 positive samples by RT-PCR were selected randomly for sequencing of the nucleoprotein (N) gene and fusion gene (F), and genetically characterized phylogenetic analysis of PPR virus strains. Four lineages of PPR virus have been identified based on sequence analysis of the nucleoprotein (N) and fusion (F) gene all around the world. In this study Phylogenetic trees were drawn up based on sequence of the N gene and gene. Both trees have two distinct clusters, and all the detected strains are in the 4th lineage and are located in the first cluster of each tree.

The Covid-19 pandemic, with its widespread prevalence, confronted the nursing profession with specific occupational stressors. Job stress has a significant effect on nurses' performance and jeopardizes the provision of high quality and safe care. The aim of this study was to determine the factors affecting job stress in nurses caring for Covid-19 patients.

This cross-sectional study was performed in the first 6 months of 2020. 90 nurses caring for Covid-19 patients were selected by census method. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire on nurses' occupational stressors (validity score between 0.7 and 1 and reliability with Cronbach's alpha of 84%) which was provided to nurses online.

37 (41.1%) nurses were male and 53 (58.9%) were female. The mean age of nurses was 31.39±6.32 years (range 21-45 years) and the mean job history was 10.82±5.31 years. Managerial, personal, physical, patient care and interpersonal factors were identified as sources of stress in nurses caring for Covid-19 patients, respectively.

Since managerial factors were recognized as the most source of stressors, it is preferable to plan on the managerial level to reduce stressors in nurses and subsequently improve the quality of nursing care for COVID-19 patients.

The effects of COVID-19 not only disrupt patients' lives, but also affect caregivers. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of tele-nursing on the care burden of family caregivers of COVID-19 patients discharged from 22 Bahman Khaf Hospital.

This quasi-experimental study was performed on 120 family caregivers of COVID-19 patients from the beginning of May 2020 to the end of October 2020. Samples were selected by Convenience Sampling and were randomly divided into two equal groups (intervention and control). In the intervention group, training was performed through care load-based tele-nursing for a period of one month while no intervention was performed for the control group. Both groups completed the Zarit Care Questionnaire before and one month after the intervention.

In the experimental group, the mean score of total care pressure and its components after the intervention was significantly lower than before (p <0.001), but in the control group, the mean score of total care pressure and its components (except objective pressure before and after the intervention) was not significantly different (P> 0.05).

Tele-nursing training reduces the burden of care in family caregivers of COVID-19 patients. Therefore, it is suggested that health managers, by creating appropriate policies, put the implementation of the tele-nursing process in the family caregivers of COVID-19 patients on their agenda.

More than 85% of the West Azerbaijan ruminant population are kept in households in villages. Every year some of these livestock suffer severe economic losses due to Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD). The extent of these losses has not yet been investigated. One of the major direct and visible losses of FMD is the decline in milk yield, which has so far only been studied in a dairy herd in southern Iran. The present survey investigated the short-term reduction of milk production in households in villages using a questionnaire survey method. 111 cattle and 24 sheep and goats keeping  households that had reduced milk production due to FMD were studied. The mean milk production in cows from the first to fourth week after disease decreased by 42.3%, 50.7%, 44.8% and 35.5% respectively, and in sheep and goats, 49%, 41%, 36% and 26%, respectively. Mean loss of milk production per affected cow was 4,471,902 Rials, per affected household was 18,330,771 Rials and the total milk loss of affected cows of survey in disease period was 2,034,715,600 Rials. Mean milk loss per affected sheep and goats was 723,635.9 Rials, per affected households was 27,136,345.8 Rials and total milk loss of affected sheep and goats in disease period was 651,272,300 Rials, which was 43.3% of the total cow milk production and 38% of sheep and goats milk production in households, which is considered to be a serious loss.

The defects of the central nervous system caused by viruses are associated with tissue changes in certain areas of this system.

We conducted the current work to determine and categorize the pathologic pattern of central nervous system lesions in stillbirths and newborns small ruminants with neurological symptoms in Semnan province.

Primarily, we selected the affected animals and carried out systematic post mortem examination of lambs and kids. Subsequently, brain and spinal cords were completely removed. Processing, sectioning, and staining from different regions of the central nervous system was performed and 15 different regions of the brain and 10 different levels of the spinal cord were prepared. Subsequently, the histopathological study was performed and the observed lesions were arranged.

This study was performed on 20 lambs and kids with nonsuppurative inflammatory lesions in the brain and spinal cord. In the gross examination of the brain and spinal cord, we observed 4 cases of arthrogryposis, 1 case of spinal cord hypoplasia, 2 cases of hydranencephaly, 2 cases of porencephaly, and 1 case of cerebellar hypoplasia. According to the presence of nonsuppurative inflammation in the brain and spinal cord, 20 positive cases were categorized into 4 groups. In the first 3 groups, the main lesion was nonsuppurative encephalomyelitis and the main lesion of the fourth group was nonsuppurative encephalitis. Accordingly, 6 cases in the first group had extensive and inclusive nonsuppurative inflammation in over 75%  of the brain and spinal cord sections; in the second group, five cases had multiple scattered nonsuppurative inflammation in 50% - 75% of the brain and spinal cord sections; in the third group, five cases had non-inclusive and focal nonsuppurative inflammation in less than 50% of the brain and spinal cord sections, and in the fourth group, 4 cases had nonsuppurative inflammation in the brain without lesion in the spinal cord.

It seemed as though in each of the four pathological patterns, certain viral agents were responsible for the pathological changes.

Avian influenza (AI) is one of the most important respiratory diseases in the poultry industry that causes huge economic impacts and plays an important role in public health. H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus (H9N2 AIV) has a broad circulation and causes endemic infections in the poultry industry of the country.

A cohort study was conducted from July 2016 to November 2017 in broiler chicken farms of Qazvin Province, Iran to detect H9N2 AIV infection determinants in broiler chicken farms.

Sixteen out of 34 units that were included in the study had positive PCR results. Some variables such as “type of fence around the unit”, “biosecurity”, “cooling system status”, “mean maternal antibody titers”, “location height”, “proximity to public traffic lanes” and “number of units within a radius of 1 km” had significant effects on the infection occurrence in poultry units according to univariate statistical analyses (P<0.05). However, only two of them (“biosecurity” and “cooling system status”) were statistically significant in multi-variable analyses (P<0.05).

Biosecurity measures should be implemented more seriously and strictly in broiler farms to reduce the impact of H9N2 AIV infection.

The leadership style of hospital nursing managers plays a vital role in crises and is currently playing an effective role in combating COVID 19. The aim of this study was to determine the leadership style of the nursing manager (Matron) during the outbreak of COVID-19.

In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 86 nurses caring for patients admitted to COVID-19 ward were selected and entered the study. Data were collected using Clark demographic and leadership style questionnaires that were provided to nurses electronically and analyzed by SPSS software and descriptive and inferential statistical tests.

The mean age of nurses was 31.47 ± 6.39 years and the mean work experience was 5.20. 5.01 years. 60 nurses (69.8%) were female. 32 (37.2%) were married and 82 (95.3%) had a bachelorchr('39')s degree. In terms of employment status, 47 (54.7%) were formal and 22 (25.6%) were contracted and the rest were planned. The highest score was related to the Democratic leadership style (40.40. 5.87). The mean scores of transferring and authoritarian leadership style were 38.76 ± 9.16 and 26.86 ± 6.45, respectively.

The results showed that the selected leadership style of  the  nursing manager from the perspective of the studied nurses is democratic and then delegating. The use of democratic leadership style by nursing managers makes nurses feel more belonging and committed to the organization, which ultimately increases the quality of service and patient satisfaction. Therefore, nursing managers are encouraged to involve their staff in decision-making and goal setting.

Patients with coronavirus disease are more likely to have multiple problems after recovery. Numerous studies conducted on coronaviruses, especially severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has spread rapidly around the world, have motivated us to gather and provide information in the form of a review article.

In this study a rapid review study on the complications of coronavirus disease was performed in published research articles in Latin and Persian in the period 2001-2020 were conducted in databases. Out of 61 research articles found, 31 articles were reviewed evaluate.

In a number of patients, sometimes severe side effects emerge after the disease onset, and their quality of life may be affected for years. Covid-19 causes a variety of disorders, including respiratory, intestinal, renal, cardiovascular, and neurological diseases. Severe cardiovascular damages, such as myocardial infarction, arthritis, and heart failure, are also considered the complications of Covid-19. Also, studies have shown that the social, individual, economic, and health effects of the disease remain in the community for many years. The disease causes cardiovascular, hepatic, and neurological complications in individuals infected by the virus.

In this review, we focused on short- and long-term complications of Covid-19 in patients recovered from the acute phase of Covid-19. Due to these cases, it is very important to study and recognize the side effects of this disease.

Doxorubicin is one of the most widely used anticancer chemotherapeutic agents in small animal practice. The use of doxorubicin can cause cardiotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and nephrotoxicity.

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of ascorbic acid on doxorubicin hepatotoxicity in mice.

Twenty-four Balb/c mice were randomly divided into four groups. Group one received normal saline, group two received 100 mg/kg ascorbic acid, group three received 8 mg/kg doxorubicin and group four received ascorbic acid and doxorubicin intraperitoneally, with the same doses of groups 2 and 3. Twenty-one days after injection, the mice were euthanized. The activities of ALP, ALT, AST enzymes and total bilirubin levels in the serum samples were measured. Liver samples were evaluated histopathologically.

The activities of ALP, ALT, AST, and total bilirubin levels and histopathologic scores of hepatotoxicity were significantly lower in the group that received ascorbic acid + doxorubicin in comparison to those of the doxorubicin group.

Ascorbic acid may be useful in the prevention of doxorubicin hepatotoxicity in mice. Further studies are recommended for evaluation of the use of ascorbic acid in small animals.

Covid-19 is a highly infectious viral disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, which has spread worldwide since its emersion in December 2019, causing an unprecedented pandemic. Currently, it has no targeted vaccines or treatments, and effective treatment options are very limited. It is important to identify drugs that effectively inhibit a specific target of the SARS coronavirus. This is the third deadly outbreak of coronaviruses in human society which has put pressure on the global health care system and affected the global economy a well. However, the treatment options of Covid-19 are still very limited. The development of drugs that target and inhibit essential proteins in the viral life cycle is a practical approach to overcoming this hard situation. The main protease, a cysteine protease, is an attractive target for antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2 and other coronavirus infections due to its essential role in viral replication and transcription. To quickly detect effective compounds for clinical use, programs such as molecular docking drug design and virtual screening of pre-designed drugs to identify new compounds and drugs that target the main protease of the COVID-19 are performed. Combining these structural studies, virtual screening, and experimental screen, several therapeutic candidates such as repurposed drugs and ab initio designed drugs have been proposed. In this review study, suggestions for inhibitors and possible potentially effective drugs against the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 were discussed. This study paves the way for advanced experimental research to evaluate the pharmacological potential of these compounds for the treatment of Covid-19.