مقالات رزومه دکتر فرهاد سراجی

The current research was conducted with the aim of identifying the ways to maintain literacy learners in the literacy process. In this research, a mixed-methods approach was used in such a way that qualitative data was first collected using a qualitative approach and group and individual interviews. Then, the quantitative steps of the research were carried out using the descriptive method and exploratory factor analysis. The participants in the group interview included literacy experts of Hamedān province's general office of education, and in the individual interviews, the participants consisted of 18 people who were successful in literacy and 5 dropouts. In the quantitative part, the data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire on the methods of attracting and maintaining literacy learners, and the research population of this questionnaire included 230 literacy experts and educators who were selected by total counting. Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis method and quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, one-sample t-test and exploratory factor analysis. Findings showed that by combining the results of quantitative and qualitative stages, it is possible to present the operational ways to attract and maintain literacy students through changing the ways of identifying and attracting them, reforming the formal structure of literacy, strengthening the role of literacy students, diversifying the methods of providing education, strengthening learning materials and resources, and reviewing the methods of attracting educators.

The purpose of this research was to find out how and how much postgraduate students use virtual space in research activities.

This research was conducted with a mixed exploratory approach. In the qualitative phase, The field of research was 20 students were selected for semi-structured interview based on criteria. The results of the interviews were analyzed using the hierarchical thematic analysis method. Then, in the quantitative stage, a survey method was used to collect information. The statistical population of the research was the students of humanities faculties of Bu -Ali Sina University, 252 people were selected in a relative stratified manner. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and one-sample T-test.

The result of the qualitative analysis of the research indicated that: students use resources search and retrieval tools, collaborative tools and content preparation tools in accordance with the twelve stages of research. Also, the results of the quantitative phase of the research showed that the amount of students' use of virtual space in the form of resources search and retrieval tools, collaborative tools, and content preparation tools in research activities was at a significant level and above the average level, among the tools, the most The use is related to search and resource retrieval tools, content preparation tools, and collaborative tools.

Universities should take practical steps and make important decisions to acquaint students with the capabilities of the Internet in research.

This study aimed for making and validating of a scale to measure students' self- directed skills in E-learning courses during Corona virus. The research methodology was survey and cross-correlation research. The statistical population of the study consisted of students of the country's universities in the academic year of 2020-21. A random convenience sampling method was chosen for this study. The sample size was determined to be 620 people according to the Krejci-Morgan model (α=0.05). A researcher-made self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data.  The validity of the tool was calculated by using the opinion of expert professors, and the reliability of the instrument was calculated with Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.95. The results of exploratory factor analysis, using the main elements factorization method and considering the factor load more than 0.40, showed that three factors of spontaneity, recognition of learning needs, and responsibility in learning can be extracted and explain 55.285% of the total variance. In general, the factors of the self-administrated questionnaire measure the independent and separate dimensions of the Self-directed learning scale to a large extent, and it is a valid and appropriate tool.

One of the most important processes in any type of educational system, especially e-learning system, is the assessment process, the purpose of which is to determine if educational goals have been achieved. Assessment is important in that it has a huge impact on learning (Buyukkarci & Sahinkarakas, 2021) and requires feedback for continuous improvement. Assessment in e-learning can be both formative and summative, or combined (Kear et al., 2016; Dlab, Katic & Candrlic, 2015; Snae, Brueckner, & Hirata, 2008). Marriott (2009) uses the terms "assessment of learning" and "assessment for learning " to distinguish between these two types of e-assessment. While the former emphasizes assessment at the end of the learning process (summative assessment) which aims to determine the amount of learning by the learner (Torres, 2019; Kear et al., 2016; Azmi & Kankarej, 2015), while the latter, being gradual and ongoing, refers to the continuous process of assessment (formative assessment) (Yan et al, 2021; Azmi & Kankarej, 2015). Formative assessment is one of the measures to promote learning (Ferreira, Martinsone & Talić, 2020; Elson, 2016; Bijol, Byrne-Dugan, & Hoenig, 2015) and to ensure the quality of distance learning and e-learning (Ming-Li & Dan, 2010). Through providing feedback on performance, it can also dramatically affect motivation, interest, commitment, intellectual challenge, and autonomy, and responsibility as well (Buyukkarci & Sahinkarakas, 2021; Bhattacharya & Coombs, 2017; Townsend & Mulvey, 2016).According to the above, in order to ensure the students' learning and achieve the desired goals, measurement and assessment are necessary, and what is important in the assessment of learners in e-learning is to have the approach of "assessment for learning" or formative assessment. Because the purpose of formative assessment is to correct and improve the existing situation. This means that in the process of formative assessment, one can recognize the weak and strong points and make decisions based on them. E-learning in the field of assessment, especially formative assessment, has not progressed as expected and little attention has been paid to the importance of assessment in this field, and this has caused damage in this field that may affect the quality of learning. The purpose of this study was to investigate the pathology of formative assessment in the Iranian e-learning system. The method of this research was applied in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of how to collect information. The research paradigm was also interpretive. According to this paradigm, reality is conditioned by human experience and interpretation. The research methods in this perspective include case study, phenomenology, ethnography and historical research (Bazargan, 2015). In this study, the phenomenological method was used. The phenomenology method is one of the qualitative research methods that investigates the views, feelings, and experiences of the sample group in relation to a certain phenomenon or phenomena (Creswell, 2014). Since the professors of e-learning centers have the most connection with the learning management system and use it continuously, these people have more and better knowledge about the learning management system. Therefore, participants in the study included professors of e-learning centers, 13 of whom were selected as the research sample using the available purposive sampling method. In purposive sampling, the researcher continues the work until reaches theoretical saturation. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. According to Guba & Lincoln (1982), validity and reliability verification in qualitative research includes four criteria of credibility, dependability, confirmability and transferability. In the current research, validity and reliability were checked based on these four criteria. Content analysis was also used to analyze the data.Findings showed that according to the professors of e-learning centers, formative assessment in the Iranian e-learning system has 8 main weaknesses, which are: Non-use of different formative assessment tools (Consist of: Limitation of assessment methods and tools, Time consuming questions and answers, Limiting the assessment to the final assessment), Weakness in feedback (Consist of: Failure to provide appropriate feedback by professors, Failure to provide appropriate feedback by students, Failure to provide timely feedback, Not allocating enough time by professors for feedback, Lengthening the feedback process), Impossibility of student authentication (Consist of: Not knowing the participants), Weakness in class presentations (Consist of: Time limit in reviewing class presentations, Lack of two-way interactions in class presentations), Poor design of exercises and projects (Consist of: Buy projects and articles, Failure to provide enough exercises by professors), Weakness in online exams (Consist of: Little use of online tests, The possibility of cheating in online tests, Lack of control over online tests, Failure to measure all levels of learning, Failure to use the facilities of the learning management system in the field of online exams, The lack of different online test design software in the learning management system), Weakness in discussion and exchange (Consist of: Non-participation of all students in discussions, Non-continuous participation of professors in discussions, Lack of discussion management, Not summarizing the discussions, Not using different media in discussions, Failure to measure students' participation in discussions), Weak reporting (Consist of: Failure to report properly, Impossibility of recording and reporting all assessments). Therefore, in order to improve the quality of formative assessment and student learning, these weaknesses should be considered and steps should be taken to improve the current situation.In this regard, the following suggestions have been made to improve the state of formative assessment in the electronic learning management systems of the country:Considering the technological advances and also conducting such researches that are carried out in the country, it is suggested that e-learning centers and universities always pay attention to updating their learning management systems, especially in the field of formative assessment.Some of the weaknesses of learning management systems in the field of formative assessment are related to professors. Therefore, for the correct implementation of formative assessment in electronic environments, the necessary training in the form of seminars, workshops, etc. should be provided to the professors.It is suggested that universities and e-learning centers pay attention to formative assessment as an important factor in the development of learners and professors and provide the necessary grounds for its establishment as best as possible.

The mission of the education system is to transform students into citizens of the information society, according to technological developments that can use the facilities and platforms created in education to guide and direct daily activities and solve different problems appropriately. The Iranian educational system has emphasized the use of new technologies, the National Information and Communication Network in education, by preparing the "Fundamental Transformation Document of Education". Along with the expansion of ICT integration in schools, the matter of evaluating ICT integration in primary schools is important to ensure and improve the quality of teaching and learning, to determine the contexts and requirements of integration in the curriculum for implementation and enforcement. Evaluation criteria help all experts, managers and teachers to always be aware of the results of their work and know how much educational goals and goals of the organization have been achieved. This awareness leads to the integration of ICT in the curriculum in the desired way. The purpose of this study was to determine the holistic framework for evaluation of ICT integration in elementary school curriculum.

This research was conducted by a combined exploratory method in two stages. The qualitative research method was phenomenological. In the first stage, in order to determine the evaluation criteria, the semi-structured interview was conducted using purposive sampling, and in the next stage, a questionnaire was used to confirm the evaluation criteria by available sampling method. The participants in qualitative phase were selected based on criteria-based sampling method and the rule of theoretical saturation and hence included teachers and principals of smart schools. The statistical sample in the quantitative part included experts in the field of e-learning. Participants in the qualitative section included six principals and nine teachers and in the quantitative section, the participants included ten e-learning experts. In order to analyze the collected data in the qualitative part, the collage method (open, axial and selective coding) and in the quantitative part, CVR was used.

The findings of the research in the qualitative part indicated that the evaluation framework of ICT integration included 14 criteria in different sections such as: supportive (3 criteria), electronic content (2 criteria), teacher's teaching activities (2 criteria), materials and learning resources (2 criteria), learning activities (2 criteria) and student group activities (2 criteria). In the quantitative part, the CVR percentage of all six evaluation components was higher than the table number (0.62). Electronic content components and support with the highest percentage and qualification of students were confirmed with the lowest percentage of agreement among the evaluation criteria.

In order to increase the quality of integration in evaluation, special attention should be paid to the interaction and transaction of all evaluation components. The emphasis on separate evaluation of the dimensions of integration is the incomplete implementation of integrated evaluation in the curriculum. It is suggested that evaluators have a comprehensive and holistic view of all evaluation criteria in the field of Organizational and Educational Areas in evaluating the integration of ICT in the curriculum.

The present study seeks to explain the elements of technological entrepreneurship curriculum in elementary school. This research was done through a qualitative approach and a systematic review method. The data were analyzed using specialized keywords related to the technology entrepreneurship curriculum and their search in valid scientific databases as well as library studies until March 2021. Finally, 44 sources were analyzed and coded and the findings indicated that technology entrepreneurship curriculum emphasized education of students' technological entrepreneurship qualifications in the goal component, a combination of theory and practice in the content component, practical and problem-based activities in the component of learning activitie, action-oriented and authentic education in the component of learning strategies; also it highlighted "evaluation for learning" in the field of evaluation. In the end, it is concluded that the technological entrepreneurship curriculum will be the main need of elementary school students to create jobs and develop knowledge-based and technology businesses.

This study aimed to determine the frequency and type of Virtual space use among high school students.The study method was of a descriptive-survey type, and in terms of the purpose, it was a research-applied study. The statistical population included all high school students of Hamadan province (2020-2021). Using a multi-stage cluster sampling method, 500 of them were selected as sample member. The study instrument was a researcher-made instrument whose validity and reliability was assessed based on professors' views and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.92). Using Spss 24, the descreptive (frequency, percentage, and mean) and the inferential (independent t-test and Chi-square) statistics were employed for data analysis. Finding show that 84%5 of the students spend between 1-5 hours, %13 less than an hour, and 2%5 more than 5 hours per day, on using the internet.The result indicated the frequency of using the internet in Cyberspace is less than the average (3). Furthermore, the most common types of cyberspace use were "performing assignments," "gathering information about public issues," "communicating with classmates," and "listening to music," respectively. While the girls used Telegram, WhatsApp, and Shad more than the boys, the boys used Facebook and Instagram more than the girls (p<0.05). Regarding the type of cyberspace use, the Chi-square results indicated the girls use Cyberspace more than boys to do their assignments. it can be concluded that the frequency of cyberspace use among students is not too much, and they often use Cyberspace for doing their assignments and establishing social relationships with their friends.

Given the importance of media literacy education to children in the curricula of many schools around the world and the gaps in media literacy education in Iran as well as the emphasis of various studies on using learning-based methods based on information-processing models and social learning in media literacy education, the question arises as to what the characteristics of media literacy curriculum elements are according to previous studies in the field of media literacy education. The aim of the present study was to determine the characteristics of the second primary media literacy curriculum elements for functional consuming(FC), critical consuming(CC), functional presuming(FP), and critical presuming(CP) media.

This research was conducted using mixed-methods design (qualitative and quantitative). In the first stage, to identify the features of the media literacy curriculum of the second primary school, the qualitative method of synthesis research (qualitative Meta-Synthesis) was used, and in the next stage, to examine the opinion of experts from the descriptive-survey method and to evaluate the effect of program implementation, a quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test design with a control and experimental group was used. The statistical population of this study consisted of three groups, A) The studies published in the field of media literacy education were in local and international scientific databases; out of 4309, 18 related documents in the field of media literacy were purposefully selected as samples, B) In the initial validation section of the project, 15 specialists were purposefully selected (with criteria of expertise and experience in the field of media literacy education) from the statistical community of instructors and curriculum planning specialists in the field of media literacy as a sample, and C) In the quantitative part of the statistical population, the students of the second primary school in Hamedan in the academic year of 2019-2020 were included who were selected as a research sample using the multi-stage random cluster sampling method and consisted of a total of 63 sixth-grade female students. In order to analyze the data, to extract information from research and to analyze and combine the findings in determining the characteristics of the curriculum, the content analysis method was used via coding. At this stage, in addition to using the CASP tool in selecting appropriate study units, to ensure the coding method, in addition to using the researcher self-review technique, two experts in the field of communication and curriculum were used to re-codify the findings. In the second stage, using a researcher-made questionnaire, the data obtained from the survey to validate the curriculum were evaluated with a CVR coefficient. In the third stage, in order to analyze the data obtained from the researcher-made tests (functional evaluation, parent evaluation and self-evaluation) in four levels of functional consumption, critical consumption, functional prosumption, and critical prosumption, according to the fact that the data does not have a normal distribution in the pre-test and post-test, the Uman-Whitney test was used.

Findings of the research in the meta-analysis section indicated characteristics such as attention to critical approach, critical media literacy, cognitive media literacy and new media literacy, and the basics of the philosophy program for children in the basics element; Acquisition and promotion of media consumption indicators included (fostering caring thinking), critical media literacy (fostering critical thinking) and producing media messages (fostering creative thinking) in the target element; Attention to cognitive, emotional, aesthetic and moral dimensions, students' life experiences in the face of different media, components emphasized in media literacy theories and in combination with other courses were included in the content element; Attention to discussion and participation in classroom community of inquiry, research-oriented, based on personal (individual) patterns, as well as the use of integrated methods were considered in the method element; Emphasis on discussion, attention to different cognitive, emotional and behavioral dimensions, use of different evaluation tools as well as metacognitive self-evaluation were the elements of media literacy curriculum evaluation in the second primary school. In the field of validation according to experts, due to the higher CVR coefficient obtained in all items of the minimum acceptable coefficient for 15 people (0.49), the features mentioned in the curriculum of the second primary school were confirmed. In the study of the effect of the implemented curriculum on media literacy competencies of second primary school students, the results of Mann-Whitney post-test showed that the effect of the experimental group was significant at the confidence level of 0.95 (P = 0.000, Z = -5.93).

Combining library studies, experimental designs, and interviews with experts in previous studies, as well as validating the features extracted by experts in the field of media literacy training and model effectiveness in implementation suggests a curriculum during which students form a research community  to find, build, and engage in media messages involving positive exchange and participation (instead of a competitive environment) in challenging content related to media literacy indicators and results in the cultivation of thoughts based on non-hostile reflection, an increased enjoyment stemming from the ability to read and deeply understand media messages based on dialogue, the development of creativity while creating common perceptions, adherence to ethical principles such as tolerance and acceptance of ambiguities and in general grounding and promoting media literacy and self-leadership through cultivating a variety of caring, critical and creative thinking abilities.

This research aimed to model the role of self-directed learning skills and media literacy in cyberloafing. This study was quantitative in terms of main strategy and correlational research in terms of analytical technique. The participants included graduate students and the sample were selected through available random sampling. The sample size was 620 according to the Krejcie- Moran model with considering the error of α=0.05. For data collection, cyerloafing questioner of Bella et. al. (2006) were applied with α=0.89 reliability, a research-made self-directed questioner with α=0.95 reliability and media literacy questioner (Palsafi, 2014) with α=0.86 reliability. The content validity of instruments was confirmed by the opinions of ten e-learning experts. The data were analyzed by artificial neural network approach sing Multilayer Perceptron (MPL) method. The results revealed that modeling of self-directed learning and media literacy skills in students’ cyberloafing has an input layer with ten nodes and a hidden layer with four nodes and the artificial neural network is well able to predict the jumps and students cyberloafing process and variables. All coefficients of influence of the hidden layer on the output layer in the neural network obtained negatively and, therefore the higher students self-directed and media literacy skills, the less their cyberloafing behaviors. It could be concluded that the level of students’ self-directed and media literacy skills can predict the level of their cyberloafing behaviors

 Self-directed learning is a process where learners need new instruments to identify their needs, goals, resources, and implement their learning strategies. Therefore, this study endeavored to identify electronic tools for developing self-directed learning skills in students' curriculum.

 This qualitative study was meta synthesis. The studies were select from among the studies conducted in the years 2006 to 2021 and 2006 to 2022 in the field of electronic tools and self-guided learning, with specific keywords in internal databases such as; Noor, Mogiran, Civilika, Ganj and Alamnet magazines and foreign databases IJET, Google Scholar, Eric, Scopus, and Science Direct were collected, and a total of 239 studies were reviewed and after several stages of screening, 54 study units were selected. The data analysis was also done with the method of content analysis through coding method.

 The findings in the open coding stage showed; 58 instruments were employed to develop self-guided learning skills, which were divided into two groups of simultaneous and non-simultaneous instruments based on the results of axial coding. Besides, the results of the selective coding stage also included the obtained instruments in four main categories; instruments for searching resources, communication and participation, management and presentation of content and Moqs have been classified.

 Based on the characteristics of the media, the study divides the instruments into four categories; searching for resources, participation, management and presentation of content and classified MOOCs that can be used in the design of electronic curriculum to develop self-discovery skills and active approach.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the learned experiences of student-teachers from the narrative inquiry curriculum. This research was carried out in a qualitative way and through the phenomenological method. The main question of the study was “What experiences did the student-teachers learn from the narrative inquiry curriculum?” The statistical population included the student-teachers of Farhangian University at Shahid Bahonar Campus in Hamadan (4th semester of elementary education) that during the implementation phase of the project, a group of 42 student-teachers were selected purposefully as the research sample and were trained for one semester using a narrative-based curriculum. At this stage, the learned experiences of student-teachers was studied through observation, interview, and review of their narrative projects. Data analysis using thematic analysis method showed that, through a model of narrative inquiry curriculum, the student-teachers learned diverse experiences in the knowledge domain (content knowledge, pedagogical knowledge, technological knowledge, pedagogical content knowledge, technological-pedagogical content knowledge), and in the skills domain (content knowledge in practice, pedagogical content knowledge in practice and technological-pedagogical content knowledge in practice) Furthermore, in the attitude domain, their attitude toward teaching, learning, and learner improved. In general, student-teachers gained valuable experiences in three areas of knowledge, skills and attitudes. The findings of this study can be used for planning the professional development of student-teachers at the Farhangian University.

This research approach was mixed (qualitative, quantitative). In the qualitative part, inferential method (progressive) was  used .By using Franken's method of analysis (normative realist proposition), the basics of self-awareness were deduced. By using the semi-structured interview method, types of self-awareness and the nature and characteristics of the basic elements of the curriculum (purpose, content, teaching method and evaluation method) were extracted. The validity of qualitative data was determined using confirmability and reliability To analyze qualitative data, open, axial and selective coding method was used. In the quantitative section, the CVR method was used to determine the validity of the model. The results showed that the self-awareness basics include the connection between the soul and the body, evolution and exaltation of the soul, otherness, telescoping, thinking and self-awareness: physical, emotional, social, spiritual, intellectual. Curriculum elements including goals: improving physical knowledge, improving emotional behaviors, knowing others, improving spiritual knowledge, feelings, social communication, critical thinking. Method questioning dialogue, role playing, small groups, brainstorming, problem solving. Evaluation: Self-evaluation, peer evaluation, and parent evaluation were concluded as essential elements of the self-awareness curriculum model in the second year of elementary school. Following these findings, the quality of the four elements was examined and approved by experts. As a result, effective paying attention to the self-awareness foundations, component, types and curriculum elements can help to improve the Second Level Primary School Students Self- awareness. The validity of the final model from the point of view of experts (philosophy of education, educational psychology and curriculum planning) was 0.82. Effective attention to the basics, components, types and nature of the elements of the self-awareness curriculum in the curriculum of the second year of elementary school can help to improve the self-awareness of students.

Quantitative and qualitative development of skills training, design and development of flexible models and methods in demand training is a demand-driven necessity for the development of the country and the pottery sector, and vocational training for people interested in pottery in relation to their needs. The labor market as well as upgrading the existing skills to meet the needs of the pottery industry, especially for the province, which is the center of pottery production, is an inevitable necessity. Therefore, in this regard, the present study examines the educational needs based on the job analysis process in the pottery profession. This research is a qualitative rather than quantitative participatory research in terms of applied purpose, qualitative approach and methodological methodology. The statistical population in this study included pottery professionals and experts whose opinions were used during various meetings and workshops. In the sampling section of the community of pottery industry experts, due to the use of the Dikom method, first five experts from the mentioned field were selected by purposeful sampling based on the characteristics of expertise, experience and interest to participate in the workshop and participated in the workshop. The results of the research led to the identification of the path of professional development of the pottery industry and three main professions were identified, which included 29 sub-professions. The research findings are also directly applicable to training standardization programs for the pottery profession.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the principles and types of self-awareness from the perspective of Islamic philosophers and its application in the document of fundamental transformation of education.The method is a combination (qualitative and quantitative). The qualitative part of the method of conceptual and inferential analysis and qualitative content analysis (inductive), the quantitative part of the method of quantitative content analysis of the fundamental transformation of education (anthropological foundations and goals) was used. The research environment is the qualitative part, the works of Islamic philosophers and the document of the fundamental transformation of education. The sampling method is targeted in the qualitative part and categorical content analysis in the quantitative part. In data analysis, open, axial and selective coding methods were used. Findings of the study indicate that the types of principles include the relationship between soul and body, thinking, evolution and transcendence of the soul, zeal, teleology and types of self-awareness include: physical, emotional, social, spiritual, intellectual. Finally, in the content of the document of fundamental change in education, in the section of anthropological foundations, the most attention has been paid to the intellectual self-awareness and in the goals section, the most attention has been paid to the physical and spiritual self-awareness.

Given the rapid advances in digital technologies and the simultaneous increase in the use of new media among children, it can be said that the methods of acquiring knowledge are much different from what previous generations experienced. In this age, the importance and effectiveness of the media in relation to the teacher and the educational system are undeniable. Considering the understanding of this necessity based on the extent of the dimensions and the impact of different media on children and adolescents, the present study was conducted with the aim of designing and validating the model of media literacy education course for elementary school.

The research approach is a mixed type (qualitative and quantitative). The synthesis method has been used to compile the model. It has been surveyed by 20 experts to validate it. To conduct research synthesis, 422 cases of research conducted in the period 2012 to 2020 in the field of media literacy curriculum were identified with specific keywords in domestic scientific databases. Among these studies, after several screening stages, based on the study title, abstract and content of the research, 16 study units were eligible to enter the research, respectively. The selected study units were analyzed by content analysis and categorized. The CVR coefficient was used to validate them.

The findings showed that the objectives of the media literacy curriculum should be based on maintaining and strengthening the socio-political system as well as the Iranian-Islamic lifestyle while paying attention to the indicators of media literacy; In compiling content, one should pay attention to media communication concepts and components of critical thinking, critical and cognitive media literacy theories; Also, in teaching-learning methods, it is necessary to use active methods according to the characteristics of the central student and the facilitating role of the teacher based on dialogue and research community; In evaluation methods, it is necessary to use a variety of tests, with emphasis on parenting and metacognitive self-evaluation.

The results led to the identification of the characteristics of media literacy curriculum elements as a pattern in which, instead of adapting to a linear and predetermined pattern, emphasis is placed on exploring, sharing, and metacognitively evaluating students' media experiences. The model can be used by primary school teachers and curriculum planners according to the aggregation of the findings of previous research as well as the validation of the extracted features by experts in the field of media literacy education

In recent years, social networking sites and software have become one of the most influential phenomena among new technologies. Student-teacher learning and their professional development also take place in this context, both formally and informally. In this regard, the purpose of the present study is to design a curriculum model for the use of informal learning based on Authorized social networks to develop the student-teacher profession.

The method of this research was done with a multi-method approach. To design the above model, the grounded theory method was first used. Participants in this study were all primary school teachers in Farhan Gian University of South Khorasan in 2018-2019. Based on purposive sampling with semi-structured interviews, until the theoretical saturation of the data, 15 of these students were interviewed. To analyze the data, using the dimension analysis approach and during the open, pivotal and selective coding steps, the existing model of informal learning based on student-teacher social networks was extracted for their professional development. To obtain the validity and verifiability of the data, two methods of reviewing the participants and reviewing the non-participating experts in the research were used. In the end, with the theoretical research method and based on previous findings, at first, the nine elements of Klein were the basis of the work and based on it, the desired model was designed. In the next step, the basic concepts or the same characteristics of the curriculum elements and structural concepts, which are in fact the same as identifying the relationship between these elements, were identified. Finally, the model presented by the experts was validated.

Findings showed that goals in unpredictable social networks are flexible and continuous, which have the property of snowballs and should be validated. Content on social media requires features such as; be in tune with the audience, pave the way for critical thinking, action and screening. Learning activities; They create self-sufficiency and belonging, satisfy desires, motivate and lay the groundwork for individual and group education. Materials and resources; Diverse, easy to access, fluid and interactive. Learner grouping; It is non-linear, optional and based on extensive collaboration and online responsiveness. Also, on social media; Enough time to reflect on the answer, the possibility of communicating with communication nodes at any time, the possibility of wasting useful time with attractive content and achieving a large amount of information in a short time. In addition, access to information and educational resources is available everywhere, and the place of learning is the creator of opportunities and is based on ecology and interactive communication. Teaching strategies; Problem-oriented, interactive, based on inclusive buoyancy and with flexible instructor guidance. Evaluation methods; It is quality-oriented, process-oriented, self-assessing, continuous and based on instant feedback. The findings also showed that most experts confirmed the validity of the model in the criteria of validity, coherence, perceptibility, innovation, usability, acceptability and comprehensiveness.

Due to the characteristics of social network-based curriculum elements, curriculum planners are suggested to use the coordinates of these elements to design a curriculum based on social networks in order to achieve the development of student-teacher careers. It is also suggested that Farhangian University provides the necessary infrastructure for the purposeful use of social networks for the development of student-teacher professions.

The goal of this research was to extract criteria for evaluating technology leaders and it was conducted by mixed method.  The research method was descriptive in the qualitative part and survey method in the quantitative part.  The research was carried out in smart and semi-smart  primary schools in Zanjan province in the academic year of 1398-99. Participants of the qualitative part were fifteen principals from smart schools who were selected using the criterion sampling method considering the principle of theoretical saturation. In the quantitative part, the statistical population included 228 smart and semi-smart school principals in Zanjan province. According to Krejcie and Morgan Table, 139 principals were selected as a research sample by relative stratified random sampling. In the qualitative part, Data collection tools were Semi-structured interviews and in quantitative one, a researcher-made questionnaire was developed. The validity of this questionnaire was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. Its reliability was obtained by calculating Cronbachchr('39')s alpha coefficient for 0.83. . The method of analysis in the qualitative part was content analysis. According to content analysis, 6 main components including planning, organizing, leadership, control, educational and physical factors and 30 criteria for evaluating school technology leaders were identified. The validity of the components was calculated to be 0.88 using CVR. In quantitative part, descriptive statistics and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test Single group T and T in correlated groups were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the status of the evaluation components of school technology leaders was higher than the average in the planning component and physical factors. It was higher than average in the component of leadership, organization, and control and educational factors. In general, the components were higher than the average. Therefore, criteria can be used to evaluate school technology leaders.

Media literacy education as a way of empowering children against multimedia is a necessity in an age of constant change. Due to this necessity and various researches done in this field, the main purpose of this paper is to explain what, why and how to teach media literacy in primary course. The present research was conducted through a systematic review method, which was selected 20 items from the searched sources based on levels the identification, screening, competency and include. The findings, in addition to explaining the components of media literacy education(caring, critical and creative thinking), emphasize the psychological characteristics of primary course students on the one hand and the specific media targeting of children on the other hand for the necessity of media literacy education. Also studying and analyzing media literacy education models shows that media literacy education in primary course should be based on reasoning and research and it requires the child to be in a conversation-based research community space in which case challenging content with Research capability and tailored to the child's lived experience and Self-awareness assessment of curriculum elements in this field will be.

This study conducted to get the junior high school student of Hamedan familiar whit the different Jobs.this is a qualitative study in which interview has been done on 98 participants taken part in the study chosen whit snowball sampling strategy. Among 98 participants of the study were parents, teachers, students, consultants, managers, and media. Semi structured interview was used and to manipulate the results, the content analysis was conducted. The results of the study showed that the students can become familiar whit the different jobs through 18 main thems and 39 secondary thems. The main thems according to the consultants viewpoint were: making the jobs lists, having meetings and intractions about jobs, and the use of psychometry and job talent tests. The main thems according to the teachers viewpoints were: getting the students familiar whit the jobs while teaching, and after teaching in personal gatherings. The main thems according to the parents viewpoints were: getting the students familiar whit the jobs through getting around and vacations, and talking about the parents experiences about the jobs whit the students. The schools managers can get the familiar whit the jobs through occupational seminars, occupational shows, occupational week, national talent programme and through the schools structure and facilities. Media could help the students through TV programs, having a special job page in the newspapers, social networks, making weblogs and having job news through social media. Students could get themselves and their friends familiar whit the different Jobs through self studies.

Users enter social networks with different motives and their participation in social networks is also different from each other. Having different goals and motives, teachers as users of social networks choose various ways to participate in these networks. So, laying emphasis on the role of motivation in the ways teachers use social networks, the present study aims at identifying teachers’ motivation and the ways they use social networks. The specific objectives of this research are: 1. determining how virtual social networks are used by teachers who are actively using them. 2. Identifying the feedback of teachers in virtual social networks. 

The present research is done using qualitative research approach. The field of this research includes groups and forums of Iranian teachers’ social networks. In this research, 30 teachers who were active in social networks participated among whom 14 teachers were male and 16 teachers were female. All of these participants were managers of virtual channels and Various supergroups in social networks. They were selected using the logic of purposeful sampling and criterion-based method.  The selection criterion was the record or history of the group or channel, the number of the followers and the number of the visitors. Also, the teachers who were selected for the interview in addition to this criterion, were selected in the field of e- content generation in virtual social networks by the Roshd center site as an active content generator. Every interviewee mentioned their views in answer to the interview questions for 40 to 45 minutes. To analyze data, the theme analysis method was used. In this method, first the concepts and codes are extracted from the interview text and then the status of each theme from the type of inclusive, organizing, and basic is determined in the network of themes. In this research, in order to perform this process, the following steps were taken: 1. Frist, with the frequent screening and active reading of the data, the search for the meaning and discovery of patterns began by using  note-taking and punctuating the data (familiarity with the data). 2. After reading the data, the codes and concepts introducing the data were established (generating basic codes). 3. The identified codes were organized and transferred to certain themes (generating themes). 4. At this stage, the themes were named and reviewed as needed 5. The network of themes were generated to identify the basic, organizing and inclusive themes and the final report of the data was set. 

The findings showed that teachers benefit from social networks for personal purposes such as entertainment, access to the news and communication with friends, and for occupational purposes, such as professional development and interaction with colleagues. The teachers’ motives affect how they provide feedback and how they participate in the social networks. Teachers show various feedbacks and participation in the social media which can be classified into six levels of reasonable diffusing, liking, controlling, counselling, criticizing, and commenting.

Levels of teachers’ participation in the social networks in terms of their professional development and occupational learning is of significance from the perspective that the more the participation of the teachers in social networks can be organized by using specific projects and programs, so that they can move away from weak interactions, such as diffusing, liking, and controlling towards counselling, criticizing, and reasoning, they can be more profoundly involved with their own occupational themes in the social networks and can benefit from any time, any place, and interactive potentials of this environment for their own professional development.    

Among the various factors related to adolescent high-risk behaviors, spiritual intelligence, emotional intelligence and social health as a set of mental skills and talents are the most important predictors of high-risk behaviors because there are intertwined relationships between them. Therefore The present study aimed to predict the high-risk behaviors of adolescents based on the level of spiritual intelligence, emotional intelligence and social health.

The method of this descriptive study was correlational. The target population was all female high school students in Marand (1671 N =), of which 310 were selected based on the Karajsi and Morgan table by multi-stage cluster sampling. Data collection tools include; Questionnaires for measuring high-risk behaviors were Mohammadi and Ahmadabadi (2008), Cong's spiritual intelligence (2008), Wang and Love's emotional intelligence (2007), and Keyes's social health (2000). Data were analyzed using Pearson statistical methods and multivariate regression.

The results showed that there is a significant relationship between spiritual intelligence, emotional intelligence and social health with high-risk behaviors. The results also showed that between the dimensions of spiritual intelligence, the dimension of producing personal meaning and then expanding the state of consciousness, and between the dimensions of emotional intelligence, self-awareness, and the dimensions of social health, the dimension of social participation and social adaptation explain desirable risky behaviors.

Therefore, it can be said that there is a significant relationship between the rise of each of the mentioned variables and the ability to predict well with high-risk behaviors of students.

The main purpose of this study was to design a virtual curriculum model based on collaborative learning at the virtual religious universities. The study was a qualitative research according to the data-based theory. The research participants included experts and professors of the virtual curriculum at the Quran and Hadith University, al-Mustafa International University, and Imam Khomeini Education and Research Institute, who were selected using purposeful sampling method. Through criterion-based sampling method, 31 people of them were selected for interview. Data were analyzed through three open, axial, and selective coding stages that finally identified 145 open codes, 82 axial codes, and 7 selective codes, which showed that the existing curricula of these universities paid little attention to interaction and participation. According to the proposed model, using the collaborative learning approach, the elements of virtual curriculum, including content, learning activities, and evaluation methods, were designed in a way that that the teachers, through interactive and collaborative methods, could increase the students’ interactions with a variety of contents, with other students,  and with the teachers themselves, individually and in groups. Developing interactions among students through a collaborative approach could help establish the research community and improve the quality of students’ learning experiences.

This study aimed to review the criteria for evaluating the integration of information and communication technology (ICT) in the curriculum, and given its significance, provide the necessary assessment recommendations.

This study was a theoretical-systematic review performed with keywords such as "integration," "evaluation," "Information and communication technology," "medical education," and "curriculum" in the Latin databases of Ovid Science direct and PubMed. Similar Farsi keywords were looked up in SID, Iranmedex, Normagez, and Magiran databases by the search engines of Google and Yahoo from 2008 to 2019. From a total number of 158 articles, 22 works were selected according to the inclusion criteria such as the study title, objectives, and specified timeframe, and were analyzed by the synthesis research method.

According to the results, criteria such as support, educational materials and resources, teacher, student, and assessment were influential in evaluating the integration of ICT in the curriculum. The evaluating criteria of this study were extracted as following, teacher (knowledge, ICT skills), student (interaction, skills of digital content creation), support (planning, culture, and human resources training), educational materials and resources (hardware and software resources, digital content), and educational assessment (feedback, digital assessment and cartable).

According to the results of the study, the criteria for evaluating the integration of ICT can be a valuable framework for higher education experts and officials to provide critical curriculum improvements, enhance the quality of assessment, and facilitate the educational procedure.