مقالات رزومه دکتر آرش مانی
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ObjectiveTo study a Boswellia and ginger mixture on the memory dysfunction of the mild traumatic braininjury (mTBI) patients.MethodsPatients with mTBI were asked about memory impairment following the injury. One hundred mTBIpatients were visited and assessed using an auditory-visual learning test (AVLT) questionnaire. By usingrandom permuted blocks, patients were given the Memoral (a mixture of 360 mg of Boswellia and 36 mg ofginger) or placebo and were asked to consume it for a month. Patients were assessed one and three monthsafterward using the second and third steps of AVLT, respectively.ResultsOne hundred patients were included in the study and divided into control and intervention groups.The mean age of the patients was 36.83±14.71, and there were no significant differences between the twogroups (p=0.41). There were no statistically significant differences in the baseline scores of different AVLTparameters between the two groups. All patients had improvements in different parameters after three months.But some factors include the scores’ change in total learning, retroactive interference score, forgetting rate,and net positive score were significantly higher in treatment groups at one-month and three-month follow-upscompared to the placebo group. In contrast, word span and hit parameters had the same pattern of improvementin both groups.ConclusionThe herbal medication can have a satisfactory effect on eliminating post-mTBI memory dysfunctionwhile having no considerable adverse effects. The effect of these components can also be sustained after a twomonthtimeframe. These results may assist patients to have less mental involvement.Keywords: Traumatic brain injury, TBI, Post-concussion syndrome, Memory impairment, Boswellia, Zingiber}
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مقدمه
پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی اثربخشی برنامه درسی علوم عصبی شناختی در بهبود کارکردهای اجرایی و حافظه فعال دانش آموزان مقطع ابتدایی با اختلال یادگیری ریاضی در شیراز صورت گرفت.
روشروش تحقیق نیمه تجربی است. جامعه آماری این مطالعه شامل کلیه دانش آموزان دارای ناتوانی در یادگیری ریاضی از کلاس دوم تا ششم ناحیه 2 و 4 شهر شیراز است. با استفاده از نمونه گیری تصادفی ساده، سی و یک دانش آموز به طور تصادفی انتخاب و سپس به طور تصادفی در گروه های آزمایش و کنترل قرار گرفتند. آموزش در گروه کنترل براساس سبک تدریس سنتی و آموزش در گروه آزمایش براساس الگوی برنامه درسی علوم اعصاب شناختی انجام شد.
یافته هایافته های پژوهش نشان داد که تفاوت بین میانگین نمرات حافظه فعال در پس آزمون بعد از کنترل پیش آزمون و در دو گروه آزمایش و کنترل برابر بود با 740/8. و Fبرابر با 144/26 با سطح معناداری P≤0.001 و این، نشان می دهد که این تفاوت، با کنترل پیش آزمون معنادار است. در بخش کارکردهای اجرایی میانگین نمرات برابر شد با 337/205 و مقدار F هم 94/2 به دست آمد. کشش(Trend) به سمت اثربخشی مداخله بوده است ولی از لحاظ آماری تفاوت معنی داری مشاهده نشده است. بنابراین می توان گفت که مداخله تاثیر مثبت و معناداری بر حافظه فعال و تاثیر غیرمستقیمی بر کارکردهای اجرایی دانش آموزان داشته است.
نتیجه گیریمداخلات علوم اعصاب شناختی با توجه به برجسته کردن مهارت های اساسی یادگیری ریاضی می تواند یک روش موثر در بهبود ناتوانی یادگیری ریاضی باشد.
کلید واژگان: برنامه درسی, علوم اعصاب شناختی, کارکردهای اجرایی, حافظه فعال, ناتوانی یادگیری, ریاضیات, دوره ابتدایی}AimThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of a Cognitive Neuroscience Curriculum on improving executive functions and working memory in elementary students with mathematical learning disorder in Shiraz.
MethodsThe research method is quasi-experimental. The statistical population of this study includes all students with math learning disabilities from Grades two to six in Shiraz District 2 and 4. Using simple random sampling, Thirty-one students were randomly selected and then randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Training in the control group was based on the traditional teaching style and the curriculum patterns that were implemented. The training in the experimental group was based on a cognitive neuroscience curriculum model.
ResultsFindings showed that the difference between the mean scores of working memory in the post-test after pre-test control and in the experimental and control groups was equal to 8.740. And F equals 264/26 with a significance level of P≤0.001 and this shows that this difference is significant with pre-test control. In the executive functions section, the average score was 205.337 and the value of F was 2.94. There was a trend towards the effectiveness of the intervention, but no statistically significant difference was observed. Therefore, it can be concluded that the intervention had a positive and significant effect on working memory and an indirect effect on students' executive functions.
ConclusionsCognitive neuroscience interventions can be an effective way to improve math learning disabilities by highlighting basic math learning skills.
Keywords: Curriculum, Neuroscience, Executive Functions, Working memory, learning disabilities, Mathematicsaz, elementary school} -
BackgroundChildren with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) run a high risk of behavioral problems. Their parents are also at risk of mental health and reduced quality of life. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of group mindfulness-based stress reduction on the parents of ADHD children and their mental health, quality of life, and behavioral problems.MethodsWe conducted this single-blind randomized controlled clinical trial on 76 mothers with ADHD children aged 8-16 years referred to the clinics affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. We randomly divided the patients into intervention and control groups. Group therapy included eight 45-minute sessions in two months and a three-month follow-up. The employed instruments were Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire-parent form (SDQ-P), General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28), and Health related quality of life-short form-36 (HRQOL-SF-36). We analyzed all data by SPSS, and P values less than 0.05 were statistically significant.ResultsAfter the intervention, the overall mean score for GHQ-28 (P<0.01) and dimensions of HRQOL-SF-36 (P<0.01), physical (P<0.001), and mental health significantly increased (P<0.01) and SDQ-P decreased (P<0.01) in the intervention group compared to the control group.ConclusionGroup mindfulness-based stress reduction was effective on mental health and quality of life in the parents of children with ADHD and could decrease child behavioral problems.Keywords: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Mindfulness, Mental health, Quality of life, Behavioral problem}
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مقدمههدف از انجام پژوهش حاضر، طراحی و اعتبار سنجی الگوی برنامه درسی مبتنی بر علوم اعصاب شناختی در دوره ابتدایی می باشد.روش هادر این پژوهش از روش کیفی استفاده شده است. در مرحله اول، برای طراحی الگو و شناسایی عناصر الگو از روش کیفی از نوع نظریه زمینه ای و تحلیلی-استنباطی و در مرحله دوم برای اعتبارسنجی و اطمینان از کارآمدی الگوی برنامه درسی از ضریب لاوشه استفاده شده است. ابتدا الگوی برنامه درسی مبتنی بر علوم اعصاب شناختی براساس عناصر نه گانه کلاین طراحی گردید. الگوی پیشنهادی با استفاده از شیوه نمونه گیری هدفمند در اختیار 22 نفر از متخصصان حوزه مطالعات برنامه درسی و علوم اعصاب شناختی قرار گرفت و میزان اعتبار داده ها با استفاده از ضریب لاوشه مورد تحلیل قرار گرفتند.یافته هانتیجه کدگذاری سه مرحله ای داده های گردآوری شده، استخراج 35 مقوله فرعی و 72 ویژگی برای هرکدام از عناصر برنامه درسی بود. نهایتا شاخص سی وی آر لاوشه بیست و یک مضمون اصلی را تایید نمود.نتیجه گیریبطور کلی می توان اذعان کرد که الگوی مبتنی بر علوم اعصاب شناختی، مباحث جدیدی را در عرصه تعلیم و تربیت مطرح می نماید. توجه به ابعاد نظری این الگو و کاربرد آن در آموزش و پرورش از اهمیت ویژه ای برخوردار است. همچنین، تعامل علوم اعصاب و علوم تربیتی می تواند در بهبود نظریه، تفکر و عمل در حوزه علم یاددهی و یادگیری موثر افتد.کلید واژگان: برنامه درسی, علوم اعصاب شناختی, اعتبارسنجی, دوره ابتدایی}IntroductionThe purpose of this study is to design and validate a curriculum model based on cognitive neuroscience in elementary school.MethodsIn this research, qualitative method design has been used. In the first step, the method of designing and identifying the elements of the model is based on the qualitative method of the Grounded theory and analytical-inferential and in the second stage, for validation and assurance of the effectiveness of the curriculum model (Lauvash's coefficient) was used. At first, a cognitive neuroscience-based curriculum based on the nine elements of Klein was designed. The proposed model was administered to 22 experts in curriculum and cognitive neuroscience using a purposive sampling method, and then we analyzed the validity of the data using Lauvash's coefficient.ResultsThe result of the three-step coding of the collected data was the extraction of 35 sub categories and 72 attributes for each of the elements of the curriculum. Eventually, the Lauvash's coefficient also confirmed the twenty-one major themes.Conclusionit can be admitted that the cognitive neuroscience-based model introduces recent issues in education. Considering the theoretical dimensions of this model and its application in education is very important. Also, the interaction of neuroscience and education can be effective in improving theory, thinking, and practice in teaching and learning.Keywords: Curriculum, Cognitive neuroscience, Validation, Primary School}
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Objective
To investigate the association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) score and driving behaviors among motorcycle drivers in Iran.
MethodsThis multi-center cross-sectional study was conducted on 1747 motorcyclists in three cities of Iran. We used a random sampling method in this study and gathered data using two standard questionnaires. Data were presented using descriptive statistics, also t-test, and ANOVA used for analysis.
ResultsThe mean age of participants was 27.41±8.80 years. ADHD scores of the participants ranged from 0 to 87, with a mean score 31±15.86. All risky driving behaviors (RDBs) were significantly associated with a higher mean of ADHD score. For example, driving with illegal speed (p<0.001), not wearing a crash helmet (p=0.016), driving while exhausting (p<0.001), talking with other passengers (p<0.001), being fined by the police in the past year (p=0.028), and maneuvering while driving (p<0.001) were related to a higher mean of ADHD score.
ConclusionAll RDBs were significantly associated with the ADHD score among motorcyclists in Iran. In this regard, health care providers should inform people with ADHD about the negative consequences associated with driving and ADHD. Public health policymakers should consider management of ADHD through a comprehensive approach to improve driving performance and competencies among motorcyclists in order to decrease RDBs and traffic accidents.
Keywords: Attention-Deficit, Hyperactivity Disorder, Driving behavior, Motorcycle, Iran} -
BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to assess the personality and driving behavior in normal and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) patients with traumatic injury admitted to Rajaee Hospital.MethodsThis study was conducted in 2013 at Shiraz Trauma Center. All patients with physical trauma who referred to Shahid Rajaee Hospital, Shiraz, Iran were included; 60 male subjects with or without ADHD symptoms were selected. Demographic factors were assessed by a self-report questionnaire and driving behavior and personality traits were assessed by Manchester driving behavior questionnaire (MDBQ) and Neo Five Factor Inventory (NEO_FFI), respectively.ResultsAmong 60 patients evaluated in this study, 29 males were diagnosed with ADHD and 31 were classified as non-ADHD group. There was a significant difference between ADHD and non-ADHD groups in the frequency of accidents (p<0.001), injury history (p<0.003), driving behavior (p<0.01), and personality (p<0.05). ADHDs had a higher mean score of neuroticism, extraversion, openness and agreeableness; in addition, ADHDs had more injuries and accidents.ConclusionIt can be concluded that one of the main factors that cause riskier driving behaviors is EF and in conjunction with other comorbidities such as ADHD or personality disorders, it can increase risky driving behavior which can lead to more accidents and injuries.Keywords: Accidents, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Iran, personality}
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مقدمه و هدف
تجربه ی اثرات انباشته ی مشکلات و ناخوشی ها رضایت از زندگی را در دوره ی سالمندی بچالش مواجه می سازد. برای شناسایی تعیین کننده ها یا همبسته های بالقوه ی رضایت از زندگی، مطالعه ی حاضر تعیین ارتباط بین مثبت اندیشی، تاب آوری و رضایت از زندگی را در نمونه ای از جمعیت سالمندان ایرانی هدف قرار داده است.
روش شناسیدر این مطالعه ی مقطعی-تحلیلی 400 نفر از سالمندان که به روش در دسترس انتخاب شدند شرکت کردند. برای جمع آوری داده مربوط به مثبت اندیشی، تاب آوری، و رضایت از زندگی از پرسشنامه های اینگرام و وینسکی، کانر و دیویدسون، و توبین، به ترتیب، استفاده گردید. علاوه بر این داده های دموگرافیک نیز از طریق پرسشنامه ی کتبی جمع آوری شد. این مطالعه از طریق پرسشنامه های پرسشنامه مثبت اندیشی اینگرام و وینسکی، تاب آوری کانر و دیودسن، رضایت از زندگی توبین و پرسشنامه مربوط به اطلاعات دموگرافیک جمع آوری شد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها با استفاده از آمار توصیفی و تحلیلی(ضریب همبستگی پیرسون، تحلیل رگرسیون همزمان، ANOVA و t-Test) ونرم افزار آماری SPSS ورژن 20 انجام گرفت.
نتایج240 نفر (60%) از شرکت کنندگان زن بودند. دامنه ی سنی آنان از 60 تا 85 سال با میانگین و انحراف معیار 10.4±67/73 بود. میانگین ها و انحراف معیارهای مثبت اندیشی، تاب آوری، و رضایت از زندگی در سالمندان مورد مطالعه به ترتیب0.472.6± ،2.7±0.52 و ±1.910.52 به دست آمد. یافته ها همبستگی معناداری را به صورت متقابل بین این سازه های مطالعه نشان دادند. آنالیز رگرسیون نشان داد که مثبت اندیشی و تاب آوری به طور بارزی رضایت از زندگی را در سالمندان مورد مطالعه تبیین می کنند ((R2=0.45,P=0.003). همچنین مثبت اندیشی ، تاب آوری و رضایت از زندگی در مردان به ترتیب با میانگین 2.8±0.23، 2.92±0.35 و 2.13± 0.37نسبت به زنان بیشتر بود P=0.0001.
نتیجه گیرییافته های فوق نشان داد که بین مثبت اندیشی، میزان تاب آوری و رضایت از زندگی در سالمندان رابطه وجود دارد. بنا بر این ممکن است با اقدامات آموزشی در خصوص مثبت اندیشی و تاب آوری رضایت از زندگی و سطح کیفیت زندگی سالمندان را ارتقاء داد.
کلید واژگان: مثبت اندیشی, تاب آوری, رضایت از زندگی, سالمندان}Introduction & PurposeExperiencing the cumulative effects of problems and unpleasantness brings about life satisfaction during a challenging age. To identify potential determinants or correlates of life satisfaction, this study aimed to determine the relationship between positive thinking, resilience, and life satisfaction in a sample of Iranian elderly population.
MethodologyThe cross-sectional study involved 400 elderly people who were selected by available sampling. Ingram and Winsky, Conner and Davidson, and Tobin questionnaires were used to collect positive thinking, resilience, and life satisfaction questionnaires, respectively. Demographic data were also collected through a written questionnaire. The study was conducted through Ingram and Winski Positive Thinking Questionnaire, Conner and Diodsen Resilience Questionnaire, Tobin Life Satisfaction Questionnaire, and Demographic Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient, simultaneous regression analysis, ANOVA and t-test) and SPSS 20 software.
ResultsResults showed a significant correlation between these study structures. Regression analysis showed that positive thinking and resilience significantly explained life satisfaction in the studied elderly (R2 = 0.45, P = 0.003). Also positive thinking, resilience and life satisfaction in men were respectively Women were more frequent than women, 2.3 ± 0.23, 2.92 ± 0.35, and 2.13 ± 0.37, respectively.
ConclusionThe findings showed that there is a relationship between positive thinking, resiliency and life satisfaction in the elderly. Therefore, it may be possible to improve the quality of life and quality of life of older people through educational measures on positive thinking and resilience.
Keywords: positive thinking, Resilience, life satisfaction, The elderly} -
BackgroundBreast cancer is among the most prevalent types of cancers. Patients who suffer from cancer undergo many problems, including psychological complications. Acceptance and commitment psychotherapy can be used for psychological support and rehabilitation of patients with cancer. The present study investigates the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment group psychotherapy in improving the affective and psychological welfare of breast cancer patients in comparison with control cases.MethodsThis study enrolled 30 female patients with breast cancer. The patients were equally randomized to an experimental group and a control group. Acceptance and commitment psychotherapy group intervention consisted of eight, 2-h sessions per month. The control group received non-therapeutic group intervention. We assessed psychological well-being at 2 time points, before and at the end of intervention. All data were analyzed by the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. P-values less than 0.05 were considered significant.ResultsThe results showed significant differences between the two groups in their mean scores of negative affect (F=18.91, P=0.000), positive affect (F=52.62, P=0.000), hope (F=59.10, P=0.000), and quality of life (F=22.12, P=0.001).ConclusionAcceptance and commitment psychotherapy is a novel approach in group psychotherapy which can improve the psychological status of the patients who suffer from breast cancer.Keywords: ACT, Breast cancer, Psychological Welfare}
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مقدمههدف از مطالعه ی حاضر بررسی خصوصیات روان سنجی فرم C مقیاس چند وجهی منبع کنترل سلامت در جامعه ی ایرانی است.روش کارحدود 375 کارمند دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شیراز (160 مرد و 215 زن) با میانگین سنی 13/38 ± 5/8 (با دامنه سنی 21- 78) با روش نمونه گیری تصادفی طبقه ای مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. کلیه آزمودنی ها به ابزارهای پرسشنامه جایگاه مهار درونی- بیرونی (IPC) لونسون و فرم C مقیاس چند وجهی منبع کنترل سلامت پاسخ دادند. حدود %5 از آزمودنی ها تحصیلات زیر دیپلم و %67 تحصیلات دانشگاهی داشتند و از بین این افراد %65 متاهل بودند.نتایجمطالعه ی حاضر نشان داد که مقیاس چندوجهی منبع کنترل سلامت دارای پایایی قابل قبول با ضریب آلفای 85/0 و در مورد خرده_ مقیاس ها ضریب بین 63/0 الی 79/0 بدست آمده است. در خصوص روایی ابزار، از روش های روایی صوری، روایی همزمان و روایی سازه استفاده شده است. بر اساس روایی سازه، آزمون در فرم فارسی دارای 4 عامل است. در خصوص روایی همزمان، آزمون همبستگی قابل قبولی با پرسشنامه ی جایگاه مهار درونی- بیرونی لونسون داشت.یافته هابا توجه به یافته های این بررسی این فرم جهت اندازه گیری منبع کنترل سلامت در جمعیت بزرگسال روایی و پایایی قابل قبولی دارد.کلید واژگان: مقیاس چند وجهی منبع کنترل سلامت, پایایی, روایی, کارمندان, شیراز}BackgroundThe purpose of the current study is the investigation of the properties of Form C psychometrics from the Multi-dimensional Scale of the Locus of Health Control in Iranian community.MethodsIn order to study the psychometric properties of Form C from the ultidimensional Scale of the Locus of of Health Control, about 375 employees of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (160 males and 215 females) with a mean age of 38/13 ± 8/5 (range of 21- 78 years old) were randomly selected using stratified sampling method. All the participants responded to Lutsen Internal-External Control (IPC) questionnaire as well as Form C of the Multi-dimensional Scale of the Locus of Health. About 5% of the participants had high school education and 67% had university education among which 65% were married.ResultsRegarding instrument reliability, the results of this study show that the Multidimensional Scale of the Locus of Health Control (Form C) has a good reliability, since the alpha coefficient calculated in this study was 0/849 and in the subscale scales 0/63 to 0/79. In terms of instrumental validity, formal validity, coincidence, and structural validity were used. The results showed that the validity of the translated Persian version was very similar to the original form and results in western societies.ConclusionAccording to the findings of this review, this form of scale is good for measuring the health control source in the adult population.Keywords: HLOC, reliability, validity, employees, Shiraz}
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BackgroundSleep Quality Disorder (SQD) plays a major role in road accidents. So, this study was carried out to determine the prevalence of SQD among occupational drivers using systematic review and meta-analysis in Iran.MethodsAll Persian and English articles between January, 2000 and October, 2015 which had reported the SQD prevalence in Iranian drivers by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) with cross-sectional design, after the quality evaluation process and achieving the required score, were selected. The heterogenic index of the studies was distinguished by using Cochran (Q) and I2 tests. Based on heterogeneity results, a random effects model was used to estimate pooled prevalence of SQD. Meta-regression was also used to investigate the heterogeneity of suspected factors.ResultsIn total, 936 articles were found from national and international databases. Ten articles entered to meta-analysis process, ultimately. Since heterogeneity index suggested that there is a considerable heterogeneity among the results of primary studies (I-squared = 98.8%, Q= 754.1, pConclusionOur in conclusion, our study demonstrated that more than half of Iranian drivers have SQD. Identifying the drivers with SQD by periodic examinations and providing advice and health care among occupational drivers could be appropriate solutions for decreasing the accident risks.Keywords: Sleep quality - disorder_Iranian driver_Meta - analysis}
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BackgroundConstipation is one of the most common Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms among children. The present study aimed to identify the demographic and clinical characteristics of the children suffering from constipation.MethodsThis descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 987 children with constipation in Fars province from March 2015 to March 2016. The study data were collected in the pediatric GI clinic affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences and analyzed using descriptive statistics, including frequency, mean, and standard deviation (SD).ResultsMore than 40% of the cases who referred to the pediatric GI clinic were suffering from constipation. Totally, 987 [495 females (50.2%) and 492 males (49.8%)] out of the 1000 children with constipation met the inclusion criteria. The remaining 13 children were excluded due to non-functional constipation. The mean age of the children was 4.8 ± 2.8 years (range: 6.9 months to 17.7 years). In addition, the childrens mean age at the beginning of toilet training and defecation control was 1.9 ± 0.5 years (range: 11 months to 5 years) and 2.1 ± 0.6 years (range: 17 months to 8 years), respectively. The mean of daily physical activity was 2.3 ± 3.6 hours and 707 children (71.6%) had less than one hour of daily physical activity. In addition, 54.2% and 13.9% of the children watched TV and used computer games for more than 3 hours a day, respectively. Finally, 57.5% and 48.3% of the children reported a low consumption of vegetables and grains per week, respectively. Furthermore, having constipation for more than six months was associated with the age of onset of constipation less than two years (P = 0.003). Watching television was reported in 600 (69.7%) children with more than six months constipation (PConclusionsMore than 40% of the cases who referred to the pediatric GI clinic were suffering from constipation. Furthermore, having constipation for more than six months was associated with the age of onset of constipation and watching television habits.Keywords: Children, Constipation, Toilet Training, Vegetables}
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BackgroundEvaluation of brain function is achieved through patients behavior. One of the self-regulatory behaviors, impaired in various psychiatric and neurological disorders, is executive function. Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult version (BRIEF-A) is a standard tool for the assessment of executive function.ObjectivesThus, the present study aimed at validating the Persian version of BRIEF-A.Materials And MethodsThe study population consisted of 318 employees/students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences and teachers/staff of the Education Department of Juyom, Larestan, Fars province, aged between 18 and 65 years, who obtained a General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) score ofResultsCronbachs alpha for BRIEF-A subscales was as follows: inhibit 0.693, shift 0.774, emotional control 0.838, self-monitor 0.704, and initiate 0.717, working memory 0.775, plan/organize 0.795, task monitor 0.650, and organization of material 0.781. Fitness evaluation of the BRIEF-A model factors showed comparative and non-normed fit index of 0.095, standardized root mean of 0.064, and root mean square error of approximation square residual of 0.051 for 9 areas (75 questions) (P = 0.001), which was also calculated separately for BRI/MI, measuring 0.98, 0.034, and 0.088, respectively (P = 0.001). Test-retest reliability showed a significant correlation between the first and second evaluation (PConclusionThe present study could successfully validate the Persian version of BRIEF-A with a high validity and reliability.Keywords: Executive Function, Behavior Rating Scales, Persian}
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AimSexual relation is an important and sensitive subject among human beings. A life domain that has received very little attention is patients' satisfaction with their sex life, also called sexual satisfaction. Physical illnesses and mental disorders affect sexual satisfaction. The aim of this project was to compare sexual satisfaction among psychiatric, internal medicine patients and healthy controls.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study. Statistical population consisted of all the patients who referred to the clinic during the spring of 2017 as psychiatric and internal medicine outpatients who were referred to Emam Reza and Motahari policlinic affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS). 200 patients with psychiatric disorder, 200 patients with internal disease, and 200 healthy controls were selected using convenience sampling to participate in the study. They filled out demographic information questionnaire and Larson Sexual Satisfaction (LSS).FindingsThe groups differed significantly in variance analysis in terms of sexual satisfaction (F=29.27, p= 0.001), compatibility (F=5.77, p= 0.003), quality (F=23.79, p= 0.001), and attitude (F=15.26, p= 0.001).DiscussionThe results of the study indicated a lower rate of sexual satisfaction in the psychiatric patients compared to internal medicine patients and healthy controls.Keywords: Sexual Satisfaction, Mental Disorder, Internal Medicine}
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As you know, one of the new programs of the medical universities is to familiarize the students to the medical atmosphere with the help of compassionate and experienced university professors. The program is planned and implemented under the title of mentorship, in which an experienced instructor takes the responsibility of orientation, guidance and problem solving of a number of students. The students at the time of admission face some problems, usually due to the young age, unfamiliarity with the university context, the amount of the texts, etc.; therefore, they feel somehow defenseless in this atmosphere. In this program, which was longitudinal and often causes a long-term and friendly relationship between the professor and students during the education years, these problems of students discuss with teachers (Mentor) and in this interact somewhat elevated. To do the appropriate implementation of this concept in the university, the university was required to be familiar with the concept of mentorship at the first step (1). So, the Education Development Center of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (EDC) has implemented this issue in a series of educational fellowship workshops for the professors of postgraduate levels.In teaching this concept, the Jowhari model (Joseph Luft and Harry Ingham famous model) (2) has attracted the attention of authorities and professors of this period. In educating the concept of mentoring, the development of selfgeneralization window of the professors was considered. Because this section covers the ability of communication and flexibility in the leadership of the individuals, development of the window (area) decreases the incidence of conflicts and misunderstandings and struggles between individuals in this regard. To develop this area, there was an attempt in this period that the professors get familiar with the two methods of self-openness and feedback. This educational program was a pilot which was implemented in the country for the first time in one of the fellowship programs for the faculty members. Then, according to the results and positive feedbacks, it was applied more extensively. So far, this subject has been trained in 5 different fellowship training courses of the professors in the form of diverse topics, such as the mentorship concept in educating the students, counseling and mentoring models and evaluation and feedback principles. The results of the training shows achievement of the educational goals (85%), applicability of the educational materials (93%), and relevance of the educational environment (78%) in the universities. So, due to the newness of this concept in the country and the necessity of its performance, doing more studies on the improvement of this concept in the other professor of this university seems necessary.
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BackgroundThe Internet has become a fundamental part of modern life, it has given rise to various problematic behaviors. Some of these behaviors, such as prolific use of social media, frequent email checking, excessive online gaming, online buying and gambling, and viewing pornography cause significant impairment in everyday functioning of some individuals. Different researchers studied psychological aspects like impulsive compulsive spectrum, anxiety and depression in internet addicts..ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to examine the relationship between internet addictions and different aspects of personality in medical students..MethodsIn this cross, sectional study the purpose was to assess all 687medical students of medical faculty of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. 364 students showed their contention for participating in the study by filling the consent form. Finally 278 valid questionnaires were collected. They responded to the demographic questions in the questionnaire such as age, sex, marital status, student accommodation, entrance year to university, student residence place and also internet addiction test was performed and NEO five-factor inventory short form (NEO-FFI) was filled..Results55% of participants show internet addiction, with distribution of 51.4% mild, 2.9% moderate and 0.4% severe addiction. Internet addiction and personality traits of extraversion (The correlation coefficient = -0.118, P = 0.05), agreeableness (The correlation coefficient = -0.379, P = 0.001) and conscientiousness (The correlation coefficient = -0.21, P = 0.001), showed significant negative correlation, but its correlation with neuroticism (The correlation coefficient = .2, P = 0.001) was significantly positive. Internet addiction scores among students in semester five and eleven prior to the comprehensive basic science test (26.52 ± 9.8) and comprehensive pre-internship test (28.57 ± 19.2) were higher than the other academic years..ConclusionsThe prevalence of Internet addiction in this study was higher compared to similar studies in other fields which led to the concerns regarding the extent of the problem. More internet addiction among students in 4th and 10th semester reveals the need for being efficiently trained in order to deal with stress in critical condition and also to maintain positive academic performance. Correlation of some aspects of personality traits with internet addiction, suggested initial assessment of medical students personality by screening tools and identification of populations at risk. This may prove a need for favorable methods for initiation of prevention..Keywords: Addictive Behavior, Personality, Personality Inventory}
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BackgroundResearch shows that parents have an immense influence over their childrens behavior during adolescence. Adolescents who grow up with parents who are addicted to drugs and alcohol are more likely to turn to self-destructive behaviors such as suicide attempts. Because addiction in Iran is a primarily masculine phenomenon and in traditional Iranian culture, the father is responsible for family affairs and is recognized as the family provider, paternal addiction affects adolescent children. However, the impact of this type of parental addiction on adolescent suicide attempts has received little attention..ObjectivesThis study was conducted to assess the impact of paternal addiction on adolescent suicide attempts..
Patients andMethodsThis was a qualitative study that used a grounded theory approach. Thirteen participants, from two hospitals in Shiraz (southern Iran), were interviewed. We used purposeful sampling, followed by theoretical sampling. Data were collected from in-depth semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was done using Strauss and Corbins (1998) approach, followed by the constant comparative method..ResultsThe mean age of the adolescents was 15.75 ± 1.83, and all of them were single. Five main themes were extracted from the data: mental health problems, relationship problems, financial problems, family problems, and imitation of risky behaviors..ConclusionsThe findings suggest that in addition to the need to consider paternal addiction in health care plans, it is also necessary to pay attention to other family members, including the adolescents themselves. Health care providers, including nurses, can use the findings from this study for the purposes of prevention and education..Keywords: Adolescent, Behavior, Addictive, Qualitative Research, Suicide, Attempted} -
Different factors such as family and personality are related to suicidal attempt which play as protective role and risk factors. The present study aimed to investigate the differences between personality traits and family functions of suicide attempters who used and didnt use mental health services. In this cross sectional case (non-user)-control (user) study, 100 suicide attempters (36 male and 64 female) in the age range of 18 to 60 years who had at least once referred to the Poison Center, were selected by convenience sampling that were evaluated by using the NEO-Five factor inventory, family assessment device and barriers for using of health services inventory. Independent t-test and chi square were used to analyze the data. Results showed that in the 5 data collection period 43% of the suicidal patients didnt referred to psychiatrist or psychologist before suicidal attempt and 57% have used professional services. Although there were no significant differences between two groups in demographic factors but personality traits and family structure is different between the two groups.. Patients who didnt meet psychiatrist were more introvert and neurotic; also, they had a pathologic family structure in communication, roles, affective involvement and overall family function. In order to make more use of mental health services, it should be focused on training and treatment plans about importance of emotion and appropriate emotional response for families with psychological and psychiatric patients.Keywords: Family, Mental health services, Personality, Suicide}
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ObjectiveDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a common metabolic. One of the unknown complications of DM is cognitive disorders. Different types of cognitive impairment caused by DM may affect the quality of life, self-management of diabetes, and glycosylated hemoglobin. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of cognitive impairment and its relationship with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), diabetes self-management, and quality of life among diabetic patients.Materials And MethodsThis cross-sectional study was performed on 350 patients with type II diabetes (T2DM) admitted to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences clinics for 7 months. All the participants completed the brief psychological, demographic, quality of life, and self- management profile questionnaires. Then, HbA1c levels were examined. The data were analyzed using the SPSS statistical software, version 16.ResultsAccording to the results, 40.3% of the patients had normal cognition, while 44.9% and 14.9% had mild and moderate cognitive impairment, respectively. Moreover, a significant relationship was found between the cognitive impairment score and HbA1c level, some aspects of quality of life, and self-management profile.ConclusionDM was associated with changes in cognition. Besides, cognitive impairment was associated with some domains of quality of life and self-management profile; as the cognitive impairment score increased, quality of life and self-management profile increased, as well. Also, a decreasing trend was observed in HbA1c levels in moderate to normal cognitive impairment states.Keywords: Cognitive impairment, Type II diabetes, Quality of life, Self-management profiles, Hemoglobin A1c}
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پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی توانمندی های نیمکره راست و چپ مغز دانش آموزان تیزهوش با و بدون اختلال یادگیری انجام شد. این پژوهش علی- مقایسه ای بر روی 23 دانش آموز تیزهوش با اختلال یادگیری (17 دختر و 6 پسر) و 29 دانش آموز تیزهوش (16 دختر و 13 پسر) در پایه های سوم تا پنجم دبستان شهر شیراز انجام شد. به منظور شناسایی شرکت کنندگان از روش نمونه گیری هدفمند استفاده شد. در این پژوهش نسخه چهارم مقیاس هوشی وکسلر کودکان، آزمون غربالگری تشخیص اختلال در خواندن، آزمون تفکر خلاق کودکان تورنس، آزمون ریاضیات کی مت، آزمون خواندن و نارساخوانی و سیاهه ی مشاهده ای تیزهوشی کینگور به عنوان ابزارهای رسمی استفاده شدند و در کنار این آزمون ها وضعیت پیشرفت تحصیلی، کارپوشه و نظرات مربیان نیز مورد توجه قرار گرفت. داده های جمع آوری شده با استفاده از آمار توصیفی و استنباطی تجزیه و تحلیل شد. یافته های پژوهش نشان داد که در توانمندی های نیمکره راست مغز بین دو گروه در توانمندی های خلاقیت، شوخ طبعی، سرعت پردازش دیداری، حساسیت ، هوش سیال و استدلال سیال غیرکلامی تفاوت معناداری وجود دارد و در همه توانمندی های مربوط به نیمکره چپ مغز بین دانش آموزان تیزهوش و دانش آموزان تیزهوش با اختلال یادگیری تفاوت معنادار به دست آمد. با آگاهی از نتایج این پژوهش نظام آموزشی می تواند گام مهمی در رسیدن دانش آموزان به توانمندی های کامل آموزشی بردارد.کلید واژگان: توانمندی های مغز, نیمکره راست, نیمکره چپ, دانش آموزان تیزهوش, دانش آموزان تیزهوش با اختلال یادگیری}The purpose of the present study was to investigate right and left brain hemispheres capabilities in gifted students with and without learning disabilities. This causal-comparative study was conducted on 23 gifted students with learning disabilities (17 girls and 6 boys) and 29 gifted students (17 girls and 12 boys) who studied in third to fifth grades of elementary school in Shiraz. Purposive sampling was used to identify participants. Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-IV (2003), Screening Inventory Reading Test (2009), Torrance Creative Thinking Test, Keymath Test (1999), Reading and Dyslexia Test (2005) and The Kingore Observation Inventory (2001) were used as formal tools in this study. In addition, the state achievement tests, workbooks and teacher's comments were considered. The data in this study were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that there were significant differences between two groups in creativity, sense of humor, visual processing speed, fluid intelligence, and nonverbal fluid reasoning that relate to the capability of the right hemisphere (pKeywords: brain Capabilities, the right hemisphere, the left hemisphere, gifted students, gifted students with learning disabilities}
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International Journal of Community Based Nursing and Midwifery, Volume:4 Issue: 2, Apr 2016, PP 137 -147BackgroundRhinoplasty is the most common cosmetic surgery which has been dramatically increasing in Iran. Currently, Iran is ranked the first in the world in rhinoplasty. In the present study, we aimed to assess the character and temperament traits of the applicants referred to rhinoplasty surgeons in Shiraz, southwest Iran in 2015.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, we recruited 500 participants among rhinoplasty applicants for case and among students and clerks residing in Shiraz by convenience sampling method in 2015. The two groups were matched regarding the gender, age and educational level. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and temperament and character inventory to assess the four dimensions of temperament (including novelty seeking; harm avoidance; reward dependence; persistence) and the three dimensions of character (including self-directedness; cooperativeness; self-transcendence). Data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 20. Chi- square and t-test were used as appropriated.ResultsThe mean±SD age of the participants was 27.43±6.6. The results showed a significant difference between the case and control groups with respect to the temperaments of novelty (9.47±2.80), harm avoidance (9.12±3.3), persistence (2.69±1.04),the characters of cooperativeness (15.38±4.02), and self-transcendence (9.48±3.41).ConclusionEvaluating character and temperament traits in rhinoplasty applicants will be so helpful in identifying and predicting good candidates for such cosmetic surgery. Selecting the ideal patients can not only reduce the costs resulting from rhinoplasty imposed on families and society but also enhance the satisfaction of the patients and the surgeons.Keywords: Aesthetic surgery, Character, Personality, Rhinoplasty, Temperament}
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BackgroundSince suicide attempt among adolescents is a major challenge and the reasons why this age group attempt suicide are complex, the aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors that contribute to suicide attempt among adolescents.Materials And MethodsIn this qualitative content analysis, 14 adolescents (1219 years old) who were admitted in two hospitals in Shiraz, Iran, were interviewed. Participants who tried attempt suicide with medication were selected by purposive sampling and the data were gathered by semi‑structured interviews. Data analysis was guided by the conventional approach of qualitative content analysis.ResultsThree major themes and 13 subthemes emerged from data analysis. The main themes were: (a) Individual factors and experiences (psycho‑emotional problems, puberty, religious beliefs, stress management strategies, marriage and love, field and level of education); (b) family factors (family structure, family relationship, family economic features, family health conditions); and (c) social factors (suicidal behavior in others, media influence, professional support).ConclusionsThis study identified three major themes related to suicide attempt among adolescents in the context. As a result, suicide prevention and care provision should formulate a comprehensive method, considering the interaction of medical besides individual, familiar, and social factors in their assessment and care provision.Keywords: Adolescent, content analysis, Iran, qualitative research, risk factors, suicide attempt}
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زمینه و هدفمواجهه همزمان با چندین عوامل فیزیکی مخاطره زا می تواند بر عملکرد تاثیر سوء گذارد. با توجه به اهمیت سلامت نیروی کار و تاثیر آن بر افزایش کارایی و بهره وری و اینکه تاکنون مطالعات اندکی به بررسی اثرات مواجهه همزمان بر عملکرد پرداخته اند. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی اثرات مواجهه همزمان با سطوح زیانبار و بی زیان صدا، گرما و روشنایی انجام شد.روش بررسیمطالعه حاضر مداخله ای با طراحی فاکتوریل بوده است. که در آن 128 نفردر سنین 24-18 سال از میان دانشجویان دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شیراز در 8 گروه 16 نفری از زنان و مردان فاقد پیشینه ی هرگونه بیماری روانی و جسمانی و مصرف دارو و مواد مخدر شرکت کردند. ابزار بررسی عملکرد شناختی در این پژوهش آزمون پاسات بوده است.یافته هانتایج آزمون توجه و تمرکز نشان داد که با بدتر شدن شرایط ترکیبی میانگین نمره توجه و حافظه کاری کاهش می یابد که از نظر آماری این تفاوت ها معنادار بود(05/ 0>pvalue). میانگین نمره حافظه کاری و توجه درشرایط مختلف در مقایسه با گروه مواجهه یافته با سطوح بی زیان، کمتر بود، که در تمامی شرایط بجزء مواجهه با روشنایی ضعیف از لحاظ آماری تفاوت معناداری نشان داده شد(007/ 0>pvalue).نتیجه گیریمواجهه همزمان با سطوح زیانبار صدا، گرما و روشنایی بر پارامترهای عملکرد شناختی(حافظه کاری و توجه) اثرات سوء داشته و با بدتر شدن شرایط و تماس با سه عامل در سطوح مخاطره زا خود اثرات سوء افزایش می یابد.
کلید واژگان: مواجهه همزمان, صدا, گرما, روشنایی, عملکرد شناختی}Background And Aimscombined exposure to several threatening physical factors may impact on the performance negatively. With regard to the importance of the worker’s health and their optimum performance in addition to shortage of studies having dealt with the impacts of combined exposure on performance, this work was done with the purpose of studying the impacts of combined exposure to harmful and harmless levels of noise, heat and lighting.MethodsThis study was interventional with Factorial design. Where 128 subjects with ages 24-18 years were Participated Among the students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences In 8 groups of 16 men and women No history of any mental illness and physical and drug consumption and narcotics.Tools to evaluate cognitive function in this study was PASAT test.ResultsThe test results attention and concentration indicated that with worsening combined conditions Mean score of attention and working memory are reduced that these differences were statistically significant(pvalue<0.05). Mean scores working memory and attention in different condition Compared with the group exposed to non-harmful levels, was lower, in all conditions except Exposure to weak lighting statistically significant difference was shown(pvalue<0.007).Conclusioncombined exposure to harmful levels of noise, heat and lighting have adverse effects on cognitive performance parameters (attention and working memory) and Adverse effects increases with worsening conditions and exposure to three factors sound, heat and light their harmful levels.Keywords: combined exposure, noise, heat, lighting, cognitive performance} -
IntroductionThe Attachment system as described by John Bowlby, is an innate human tendency and it is in the service of infants to form a relationship with primary care givers for normal development. In adulthood, this system is activated under stressful conditions and the person responds to it based upon previous internal models of self and the others. Considering the importance of a secure style for health care professionals, the purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the attachment style in the residents of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences.MethodsIn the present study 243 residents in different specialties were recruited and divided into 3 groups. We assessed the attachment styles of the participants using Van Oudenhoven's Adult Attachment Style Questionnaire.ResultsNo difference in attachment styles among these three groups was found. However, the female residents had a more secure score compared to the male participants.ConclusionThis study, as a preliminary one, offers some questions that may be addressed in the future studies. Paying attention to the attachment styles in the medical students, residents and health care professionals may lead to design proper programs to enhance their abilities to empathize with their patients and development of more effective relationships in their career.Keywords: Attachment style, Residents, Specialty, Iran}
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ObjectiveTo evaluate and describe the sleep quality in seven subscales among the patients with mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) and compare it with normal patterns.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted within a 6-month period from February to August 2014 in Shahid Rajaei trauma center of Shiraz. Participants were selected randomly from all adult (18-60 years of age) patients admitted during the study period with impression of mild TBI (GCS of more than 13). The patients’ sleep quality and demographic characteristics were evaluated by Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and self-report questionnaire, respectively. Results were compared with normal data, which extracted from the normative data of PSQI manual.ResultsOverall we included 60 patients with mild TBI with mean age of 36.2 ± 13.4 years. All the patients had sleep disturbance. Among them there were 46 (76.7%) men and 14 (23.3%) women. The subjective sleep quality (p=0.01), sleep latency (p=0.01), habitual sleep efficiency (p=0.01), sleep disturbance (p=0.01), use of sleep medication (p=0.01) and day time dysfunction (p=0.01) were significantly lower in patients with mild TBI when compared to those with mild TBI when compared to normal values. There were no difference between men and women regarding the sleep quality. The sleep duration was comparable between the subjects and the normal values.ConclusionPatients with mild TBI have poor sleep quality which should be considered as one of the main factors in interventions after the injury and it might lead to better quality of life.Keywords: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), Sleep quality, Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI)}
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BackgroundSuicide attempts are more common among adolescents than other age groups. Although suicide is considered a worldwide problem, but the related factors, to suicidal behavior are different in various cultures..ObjectivesThe purpose of this study is to identify themes that explain suicide attempt process among adolescents in Iran..Patients andMethodsThis is a qualitative study carried out based on grounded theory. Key informants were 16 adolescents referred to two hospitals in Shiraz after suicide attempts. Also, 4 family members, a nurse, a psychologist, and a psychiatrist participated in this study. Sampling started with purposive sampling method and continued with theoretical sampling. Data were collected using semi-structured in-depth interviews. Data analysis was carried out using Strauss and Corbin approach and constant comparative method until the point of data saturation..ResultsFive main categories, including personal factors and life experiences; family factors, social and educational factors, psychological-emotional problems, and stress control strategies were extracted from the data. The central concept in the data was to escape the painful psychological condition, which was in connection with other concepts describing the process of suicide attempts in adolescents..ConclusionsThis study identified 5 categories of concepts as main themes that can be used to explain suicidal attempt process among Iranian adolescents..Keywords: Adolescent, Grounded Theory, Qualitative Research, Suicide Attempt}
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