مقالات رزومه سروش خلیلی

Natural attractions, including gardens, have great potential for attracting tourists. The connection and proximity of these attractions with historical attractions, which are mainly inside the gardens, doubles their importance. Kerman province, which is one of the provinces located in the arid regions of Iran, has many gardens. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the ability of gardens in Kerman County to attract tourists using Pralong model and the tourism grade of each garden is obtained from the average of four indicators: "Physical beauty", "Scientific", "Historical-cultural" and "Socio-economic" which are scored in five different levels. Library, documentary and survey methods have been used in data collection. In order to accurately evaluate and score during the research process while surveying the region, tourism activists in the province as well as professors of the Tourism Planning and Management Department were used and four gardens of Shazdeh Mahan, Beyromabad, Harandy Garden Museum and Fathabad were selected for this research. The results show that in terms of tourism standard, Shazdeh Garden has a first rank with a score of 0.7. According to the statistics of the "Ministry of Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism" and the Pralong model, in attracting tourists, Shazdeh Garden is in the first place and Fathabad Garden, Harandy Garden Museum and Beyromabad Garden are in the next ranks. In terms of beauty, Shazdeh Garden has gained the most points due to the presence of old trees, water flow and beautiful building. In terms of scientific value, Harandy Garden Museum has gained the first rank in the ranking with a score of 0.69, one of the reasons for which is the existence of an archaeological museum (valuable works are kept in it). In general, based on the research model in the four studied gardens, the score of historical-cultural value (0.75) and aesthetic value (0.74) is much higher than the score of socio-economic values (0.52) and scientific (0.55) which shows the beauty of the studied gardens and also their historical value.

The present study has been carried out with the aim of application-development and based on field evaluations and also the study of historical documents and by applying one of the common models in the evaluation of geotourism potentials of the regions (Pralong method). The reason for choosing the Pralong model in the forthcoming paper among other similar methods is that this model has a marvelous performance in attracting tourists due to considering different aspects and capabilities of tourism sites. Accordingly, first, through library studies, by reviewing the sources and documents related to the subject and area under study, the required information and data have been collected. Then, by examining topographic maps and field visits, the gardens and the location of the studied geomorphosites were identified and displayed by ArcGIS 10.8 software. It is worth mentioning that the tourism grade of each garden has been obtained from the average of four indicators: "Physical beauty", "Scientific", "Historical-cultural" and "Socio-economic" which are scored in five different levels.

Identifying the studied areas is the first step that has been considered in this section and after that, based on the opinions of tourism activists in Kerman province and also professors of tourism planning and management, valuation has been done using the relevant model. To determine the tourism value of Kerman province, the average of four criteria of physical beauty, scientific, cultural-historical and socio-economic has been used. Each of the values scored according to its own criteria in five different levels and finally the grade of that value obtained from the average score of the criteria of that value. According to the result, Beyromabad Garden has the lowest score, the main reason is that the garden is not open to the public and the highest score is given to Shazdeh Garden, which shows its beauty and importance at the international level. And its inclusion in the UNESCO World Heritage has added to its importance. According to the experts, the ranking of gardens in Kerman province is as follows:1) Shazdeh Mahan Garden; 2) Fathabad Garden; 3) Harandy Garden Museum; 4) Beyromabad Garden.

According to experts and Pralong model, in general, Shazdeh Garden is in the first place and Fathabad Garden, Harandy Garden Museum and Beyromabad Garden are in the next ranks of tourism destinations. In terms of beauty, Shazdeh Garden has gained the most points due to the presence of old trees, water flow and superb buildings. In terms of the scientific value of the garden, Harandy Garden Museum with a score of 0.69 has gained the first rank in prioritization, which is due to the existence of the archaeological museum, which has many valuable historical monuments. The results of this research show that Shazdeh Garden has a higher score than the other three gardens, which has a high value in terms of "tourism" as well as "utilization". Beyromabad Garden also has the lowest score, because it is not possible for tourists to visit this garden at the moment. Conforming to the four studied gardens, the score of historical-cultural value (0.75) and the value of physical beauty (0.74) is much higher than the score of socio-economic (0.52) and scientific values (0.55) which shows the beauty of the studied gardens and also their historical value. Examining the researches that have been done on this subject before, we find that in the past, the purpose of building Persian gardens was to produce happiness and joy, and the use of most of these gardens has been recreational. So far, researchers have made interesting comparative comparisons of gardens and described the role of gardens in Persian culture, but none of them specifically address the gardens of the arid areas and the four gardens mentioned in this paper, located in Kerman province.

Nowadays, large areas of urban land are dedicated to commercial uses, and the trend towards shopping center construction has intensified. As a type of public space, commercial spaces, have conquered cities and snatched the lead from other land uses in the city. Commercial centers have turned into part of people’s lifestyles in this era, and have played an important role in the retail industry. Besides the positive economic effects of the savings, these centers have also caused damage to the environment.  Theoretical FrameworkIn today’s intellectual world, a proper urban environment is an influential factor in human social life. Like all environments in which life takes place, the urban environment affects and is affected by human activities, and this interaction can lead to environmental catastrophes if destructive, due to the large populations that are involved. Today, the problems that have arisen in the environmental input conditions are troubling many cities in the country, and the preservation of the urban environment in urban development and management plans has been subject to plenty of inconsistency and negligence. Numerous approaches and theories have been proposed on the subject of the urban environment and healthy city, such as garden city movement, eco-city (ecological city), compact city, smart city, sustainable development, etc.According to the above theories and following a detailed study of each, the sustainability approach can be considered as the most common, practical approach in the present century. Sustainable development can be defined as the management of the relationships between human systems and natural ecosystems with the aim of sustainable use of resources to ensure the well-being of present and future generations. Therefore, the theoretical approach of this paper involves sustainable development. 

The study area includes the Arg commercial center, located in the Tajrish area, Tehran. The availability of the old bazaar, malls, and shopping places has turned the Tajrish neighborhood and its surroundings into a major commercial center in the north of Tehran. The economic prosperity thus brought to the neighborhood has caused many problems due to the multiplication of the population during the day. The main square in the area in the past was the current Tajrish Square, next to which commercial centers and houses were built.Using the method of systematic study in this descriptive research, quantitative statistical methods were adopted at the descriptive level. Moreover, the research technique was selected based on the application of the EIA model, with the help of RIAM. Among the various methods of environmental impact assessment, the Rapid Impact Assessment Matrix, also known as the Pastakia Matrix, could objectively and conceptually assess and compare options in plans and projects and display the results clearly and concisely as tables and graphs.The Environmental Management Plan could help reduce the adverse effects of a project and ensure that the current quality of the environment is maintained. This plan provides solutions in all the stages of planning, construction, operation, and post-operation of a development project concerning the environment. The development of an environmental management plan is aimed mainly at projects for which EIA studies have not been carried out before construction, as in the case study of the Arg commercial center. Whereas environmental impact assessment studies begin at the same time as the cognition phase and before its approval, with executive operations in some cases, the environmental management plan section of these reports would never be implemented in practice due to the non-location of the provided solutions and suggestions, and would be removed from the agenda. Thus, no control or auditing was performed on the impacts of the project on the environment. 

In order to demonstrate the significance of whether the construction of the Arg commercial center at the current location was appropriate, a rapid impact assessment matrix was developed in the present study in four physical-chemical, bio-ecological, socio-cultural, and economic-technical environments. After a detailed study of each of the four affected environments, we obtained the sum of all the ranges of change, where range -D, with environmental scores ranging from -36 to -71, clearly exhibited the largest number of adverse effects, and the physical-chemical environment had the largest number of negative components. The results indicated the severity of the negative impacts caused by the construction of Arg.The possible consequences of the project once implemented on the environment were identified, given the nature of various activities after the project and the current conditions of the environment in the area. In addition, the legal regulations were reviewed. 

An acceptable method of achieving the purposes of sustainable development is to make environmental assessments for projects, which can be made available to managers, planners, and decision-makers as a planning tool. These days, the high dignity of human beings and efforts to increase their comfort are often ignored in the design, construction, and location of commercial spaces, and only economic benefits are considered, dominating other dimensions of sustainability, such as the environmental dimension.Finally, it is suggested that the environmental impact assessment for large commercial complexes be made early upon the project proposal, i.e. in the recognition phase, and a construction permit be issued for the center in question after all the above evaluation reports are compiled and defended.

Land use planning based on its ecological capability has a significant role in environmental management and in preventing environmental degradation in the direction of sustainable development. Accordingly, the aim of the present study is to determine the ecological capability of agriculture and to select the most suitable places to allocate to this land use in Estahban county, Fars province. Descriptive-analytical method was used to measure the ecological capability of the study area. In this research, the multi-criteria decision making process has a very functional role to play by using the GIS. Due to the fact that part of the county of Estahban has protected areas and since there is no possibility of farming in these areas, the analysis and calculations of the present research have been carried out without considering the area of ​​the mentioned part. The results showed that 77 percent of the land area of ​​Estahban county is located in the ideal location for users, and only 23 percent of it remains in compliance with the land use and ecological capability of the county. According to the ecological capability of the study area, nearly 19% of the county's land is in a suitable and very suitable agricultural area. Also, the results showed that around 308 square kilometers of agricultural land use in Estahban county is contradictory with its ecological capability, but it is much less than 50 percent, and the prevailing area of ​​the county has favorable environmental conditions. Altogether, by policy-making, stopping the horizontal development of the city in the peri-urban agricultural lands, extending agricultural use in the southeastern direction of the county, creation of agricultural-related conversion industries, establishment of factories of fig tree products such as jam making, creation of producer organizations for fig producers and support and strengthen existing organizations, hold training programs for farmers on water management and storage, and preventing unbridled migrations of villagers to the periphery of cities, can help to improve agriculture in places with capability and to prevent further degradation of such lands.

The explosion of the population and the development of cities in the last century have caused many problems, including the destruction of agricultural lands and green spaces, which is the subject of our discussion in this study. The city of Kerman has seen rapid growth in recent years in the city's physical development, with its direct reflection of the loss of green spaces in and around the city. With the help of Landsat images and comparison of land use maps, it is clear that this trend has been rising rapidly between 2000 and 2018. In this research, data gathering was done through field observations and use of Landsat satellite imagery. ENVI, ArcGIS and Google Earth softwares have been used for statistical and visual analyzes. On satellite images in the ENVI software, radiometric correction was performed using Radiometric Calibration, and then by FLAASH Atmospheric Correction, an atmospheric correction was performed to minimize the error. The results show that over the years, almost 11% have been reduced from the share of agricultural lands and wastelands and by contrast, the share of land that has been built has increased the same amount. Therefore, it is possible to make suggestions including the use of infill development for the conservation of agricultural lands, the completion of the green belt of Kerman city by the municipality, construction on the arid lands in the 2nd district of Kerman, preventing land speculation, and fully comply with the rules of comprehensive and detailed plans, especially on urban green spaces.