دکتر محمد خلج کندری

Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is the most common complication of pregnancy that refers to two or more miscarriages before the 20th week of pregnancy. HLA-G immunoglobulin molecule plays an important role in protecting the fetus against mother's immune system. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between rs1632943 and rs1736932 polymorphisms with recurrent spontaneous abortion in Northwest of Iran.

This case-control study included 100 women with history of RSA as our case group and 80 healthy women with one or more than one children as the control group. Genomic DNA was purified from their peripheral blood samples and their genotypes were determined by PCR-sequencing method. Using SPSS 16, statistical analysis was performed by chi-square test.

In rs1632943 polymorphism the frequency of CC, CA and AA genotypes were 8%, 33% and 59% in the patient group and 16.25%, 43.75% and % 40 in the control group, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that AA genotype was associated with the recurrent spontaneous abortion (P = 0.005). In the rs1736932 polymorphism, the frequency of CC, CG and GG genotypes were 8%, 32% and 60% in the patient group and 17.5%, 41.25% and 41.25% in the control group, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that GG genotype was associated with the recurrent miscarriage (P = 0.005). Also, haplotype analysis showed that H1 haplotype (GA) is associated with the disorder.

Results of the study showed that rs1632943 and ra1736932 polymorphisms

Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia in old people. AD is a progressive and irreversible neurodegenerative brain disorder. Sortilin receptor 1 (SORL1) is involved in cellular trafficking of amyloid precursor protein and plays an essential role in amyloid-beta peptide generation in the AD. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the association of SORL1 rs2282649 and rs12285364 polymorphism with AD in Azeri population in the northwest of Iran.

This case- control study included 100 Alzheimer’s disease patients as our case and 83 healthy subjects as our control group. Genotypes were determined by (PCR- RFLP) technique.

In rs2282649 SNP the frequency of homozygous CC genotype was 36% in the case and 38.55% % in the control groups (P= 0.70). The frequencies of TT genotype were 12% and 7.23% in the case and control groups respectively (P = 0.25). The frequency of heterozygote CT genotype was 52% in the cases and 54.22% in the control group (P = 0.75). Also, in rs12285364 polymorphism the frequencies of homozygous CC genotype in the cases and the control groups were 93% and 90.36 % respectively (P= 0.5). The frequency of TT genotype was 0% in both case and control groups (P = 0.00). The frequencies of heterozygote CT genotype were 7% in the case and 9.64% in the control groups (P = 0.49).            

No statistically significant difference was observed between the case and control groups in regard to the frequencies of the genotypes. Therefore we can conclude that these polymorphisms are not associated with Alzheimer’s disease among the people in the northwest of Iran.

The therapeutic properties of Olibanum have been considered in traditional medicine since ages past. Recent studies indicated the effect of Olibanum on memory enhancement and prevention/treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Fragile X mental retardation protein is the product of the FMR1 gene that mediates memory formation through the development of communications between nerve cells. MAP1B is the FMRP target mRNA and its translation is inhibited by the effect of FMRP. Disturbance in the expression of FMR1 causes fragile X syndrome. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aqueous extract of Olibanum on the expression of FMR1 and MAP1B genes in hippocampal tissue samples of rats. This study was conducted on 18 rats which were divided into groups of control (n=6) and two treatment groups with 75 (n=6) and 150 mg/kg (n=6) concentrations of aqueous extract of Olibanum. The hippocampus of rats was isolated after eight weeks of treatment by Olibanum extract.  Total RNA was extracted and cDNA was synthesized in this study. Subsequently, the expression of FMR1 and MAP1B genes was evaluated by a real-time polymerase chain reaction. Ethics code:IR.TBZMED.REC.1396.1000 According to the results, the aqueous extract of Olibanum at a concentration of 75 mg/kg increased the expression of FMR1. In addition, MAP1B gene expression decreased in a dose-dependent manner following treatment with Olibanum extract. However, these changes are not statistically significant (P>0.05). The FMRP is a negative translation regulator that mediates synaptic neuronal transmission through inhibition translation of target mRNA, such as MAP1B. Olibanum probably leads to synaptic flexibility and memory improvement through increasing the expression of FMR1 in neuronal cells. This study could pave the way on the use of Olibanum in the treatment of patients with fragile X syndrome in the future.