مقالات رزومه رحمان باقری

Customs play a prominent role in ethnic identity; because ethnic identity is constructed, revealed and experienced in the context and context of everyday life. Patterns of migration and accompanying social and cultural displacement lead ethnic minority groups to find ways of cultural resettlement in new places. Dealing with the cultural identity status of immigrants by emphasizing the component of customs can help to understand the mechanisms of change in identity, the state of acculturation and identification, rethinking and reconstruction of identity. In this regard the aim of research is to study the cultural identity of Lak immigrants living in Namjo district of Tehran, emphasizing the component of mourning and mourning customs.

This article is done with qualitative method. The studied community includes men and women of the Lak tribe who live in Namjo neighborhood of Tehran. The process of gathering information using the techniques of semi-structured and in-depth interviews continued until the saturation stage and finally reached 17 people who were selected using the snowball method. Thematic analysis method was used for data analysis.

The findings include 24 concepts and 6 main categories of "emphasis on the implementation of customs in the hometown”, “limitation of the conditions of the new environment”, “facilitation of participation”, “compulsion of tradition”, “strengthening solidarity" and "collectivism". From the perspective of the participants, the culture of their ethnic hometown is different from the culture of the host society. Due to being traditional, uniformity and cultural-ethnic similarity of the hometown, the challenge of identity or acculturation was not very important for them before migration and there were only small differences between the generation of parents and the generation of children in the field of choosing identity elements. In fact, with migration and change of location, they have faced ambiguities, doubts, questions and choices in the path of finding identity and belonging to the inherited culture or the culture of the host society. As social activists, they are forced to reflexivity and redefine the traditional components and sources of their identity in many situations.

The local customs and rituals of mourning and wedding as a cultural resource can play an important role in the identification and resettlement of Lak immigrants as a minority group of immigrants in the new environment and like a bridge in a symbolic way to and connect it to the hometown. In addition, reflexivity, commitment and adherence to the components of cultural identity are not the same among immigrants, and it is not possible to see an equal combination among people of the same generation or between two generations. Local-trans local identity is more dominant among the second generation than among the first generation. Although in many cases, the local cultural identity of the second generation may fade and they are not very interested in and adhere to some local customs and traditions, and they do not have much knowledge of Laki's identity; Despite this, they have the feeling of being Laki, and in general, Laki identity is a concept to which they have an emotional attachment.

The financial empowerment of rural women and their participation in economic, social, cultural and political fields is one of the most important factors in achieving sustainable rural development. One of the most common empowerment projects in the form of microcredit system in Iran is Qarz Al-hasaneh funds. In recent years a new species from Iran have been formed in rural areas based on informal networks and links that are different from conventional models. This paper is to find out the efficiency of funds based on family-neighborhood relations in increasing the empowerment of women in Tang Siab district of Kuhdasht city; so a qualitative approach, snowball sampling, semi-structured and deep interviews, Participatory observation and focused group discussion with 23 people and observation were used for data collection and a total of 48 concepts and 9 categories were obtained. Results showed that formation and membership in the Fund can Lead to increase income and household savings and the share of women in the family, enhance decision-making power of women in the family and in the village, improve public opinion towards women, teamwork maintenance and continuing and to expand its lead in other issues. Therefore, the mentioned funds, by improving the economic and social situation of women, facilitate the achievement of levels of capability.

Immigration constitutes a significant impetus for making changes in identity. The present research aims to study the linguistic identity of migrant Lak living in Namjoo (Gorgan) Neighborhood of Tehran from a sociolinguistic point of view. Thus, with a qualitative approach, the data were collected through observation, semi-structured and in-depth interviews with 23 informants who were selected through snowball sampling. The data were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using a thematic analysis. The findings showed tha there was a difference among the residents in terms of language-mediated identity building with variation of age and generation. The second generation of women's mastery of Lak language was lower than men's, but they showed more willingnes than men to produce their own language to be closer to the standard language. The first generation's skill at understanding and speaking Lak was higher than men's and contrary to the second generation, they showed resistance against homogenizing conditions by employitng the langusge to Lak speakers in public and private contexts. However, the second generation showed more flexibility in their use of mother tongue due to their life experirnce. Unlike Laki, Persian (the official language) has a comprehensive writing system, efficiency, value, and social proof that facilitates its acceptance. Hence, Lak language is threatened not only by migrants in the host society but also due to lacking a writing system.

Suicide is one of the social injuries in various societies, which is done in a variety of ways; self-immolation is one of the most painful of these practices. The aim of this paper was to the lived experience of women survivors of self-immolation in Kohnani district of Kohdasht city, which during the years 2004 to 2017 committed self-immolation but survived the death. In this qualitative research, researchers have used the method of interpretive phenomenology, purposive sampling and deep interviewing technique with 10 women to collect information. All interviews were recorded and immediately imprinted on paper and analyzed with an interpretive approach.Research findings indicate that the seven main categories of "Cultural Traditionalism", "Economic Challenges", "Lack of Relational skills", "Violence of husbands against women", "Unpleasant divorce", "self-expression and deliverance", and "easy access to the materials of self-immolation"; are contexts and conditions which affect the attempting self-immolation for women. The results of this study indicate the interaction of different cultural-social, economic and psychological dimensions in the process of self-immolation in rural women. Based on the findings, this study offered some suggestions.

Trust is a fundamental element in social interaction, which plays an important role in solving social problems related to social order. Being related to the sense of security, social trust can be one of the key factors in promoting the level of security in human societies. This research was carried out in order to examine the relationship between social trust and the sense of social security. It was a survey research and used a researcher-made questionaire, the statistical population of which included citizens above 18 years old in Dezful city in 2016. 384 people were determined as the sample size using the multistage cluster sampling method. Its Validity and reliability were obtained using Cronbach’s alpha and face validity, and SPSS software was used for the analysis of the results. Stepwise regression analysis showed that the sense of social security as the dependent variable and interpersonal trust, generalized trust, trust to environment and institutional trust as independent variables were correlated. These variables were found to be the most influential factors on the sense of social security in this research. In the end, some suggestions were given in order to increase the sense of social security.

Following the success of the microcredit system in some rural areas in the world, Micro-credit schemes of funds for rural women in Iran was formed, one of the most common loans of them is interest-free loan funds. Due to the problems in the mentioned funds, In recent years a new species from Iran have been formed in rural areas based on informal networks and links that are different from conventional models. The purpose of this study was to identify informal lending funds and understand their effectiveness in the empowerment rural women in a Kuhdasht city with the qualitative approach and using interview and participant observation. Through this study, three types of interest-free loan funds were informal loan fund belonging to students, family relationships, neighborhood-based funds, and funds around administrative and job relations. The results show that the loan funds informal and join them, can Lead to increase income and household savings and the share of women in the family, enhance decision-making power of women in the family and in the village, improve public opinion towards women, teamwork maintenance and continuing and to expand its lead in other issues. Hence, these funds are affected in the empowerment of rural women.