مقالات رزومه محمدمهدی ولی زاده

Verse 34 of Surah Nisa is one of the challenging verses of the Holy Qur'an in the field of women. Different and contradictory readings of it have been presented by Islamic commentators, jurists and scholars, and the mention of the guardianship of men over women in it has given rise to anti-Islamic doubts or interpretations. has provided a feminist interpretation of the Qur'an. Considering the serious gap in the field of interdisciplinary research on Quran and ethics, the present research tries to answer the question "How can the concept of male guardianship over women with the moral dignity of women be solved?" Answer with analytical-critical method. In this regard, after explaining the concept of conflict between guardianship and the principle of dignity, he has tried to find the roots of the concept of conflict and has reached two important roots; The wrong idea of ​​consistency and the wrong idea of ​​dignity. By presenting the selected meaning of guardianship and redefining dignity in Islamic culture, this research has shown that basically there is no contradiction between guardianship and moral principles, and the spirit of guardianship leads to the respect of women and the balance of her position compared to men. , is based on real moral material.

Courage is one of the main virtues in ethics and is one of the key and frequent terms in mysticism. Mystical ethics has a lot of capacity to elevate and deepen ethics, but even though a lot of attention has been paid to courage in philosophical ethics, its precise and systematic conceptualization is one of the important gaps in mystical ethics, like many moral properties. The present research, which was conducted in an analytical-descriptive method, has tried to express the specific perception of mystics about the concept of courage based on the main texts of the mystical school of ethics, to explain the connection between courage and mysticism in a reliable way, and to extract the degrees of realization of courage. and establish the structure of examining virtues with the approach of mystical ethics. Therefore, he has identified "the centrality of the human heart" and "being longitudinal of human existential layers" as two effective bases in mystical ethics, and he has achieved three aspects of the relationship between courage and mysticism, which are: intuitive monotheistic vision of God, love for God and Optional death experience. In addition to the fact that these aspects can be explained in various ways, they show the monotheistic nature of virtue in this sublime morality.

The twelve-step associations anonymous are one of the branches of therapeutic spirituality that attract and treat patients with behavioral or consumption addictions based on moral and spiritual principles. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the belief in God in these associations, as the type of image of God is considered the most central intellectual basis of mystical schools. Using a descriptive-critical method, the present study tried to explain scientifically the characteristics of belief in God from the perspective of these associations, delineate the inadequacy of the concept of God in them, compare it with Islam's monotheistic view of God, and explore its degree of alignment with Islamic teachings. It then examines the pathology and the intellectual and behavioral consequences of accepting this type of belief in God, and identifies the implicit goals of these associations. The findings of this study indicate that the associations’ belief in God has three main characteristics: it is a reduced concept of God that is deemed vague, limited, unable, and destructive to the beliefs and behaviors of individual. Such an image is not congruent with the eternal God of Islam.

The phenomenon of sharing is one of the most important obstacles to knowing the narrator, and later rijals have tried to eliminate it with various solutions, which are known as ways of distinguishing commonalities. The name of Ahmad ibn Muhammad is one of the most frequently used common titles used in the documents of some of my companions in Kafi. The purpose of the present study is to critique and evaluate the methods of distinguishing rijals and to present new and systematic solutions for the process of distinction centered on Ahmad ibn Muhammad. In this regard, all the possibilities in Ahmad ibn Muhammad without suffix have been identified in the 815 documents quoted by some of my companions, then the scope of commonality has decreased in terms of class and conditions of the document. Then the quotations of the namesakes of Ahmad ibn Muhammad were taken from 83 narrators. Next, the narrators who did not have a masterful relationship with any of Ahmad ibn Muhammad's namesakes or had a common or special masterful relationship are divided into three groups. It is considered impossible to distinguish the first category, but by using the information of rijali sources and documents of hadith books and analyzing statistical data, an attempt has been made to provide practical evidence for distinguishing the second category.

One of the opposite concepts is the concept of condition, which has a special place among the topics of the words of the science of principles, and due to its importance and frequency compared to other concepts, It has always been the subject of discussion among scholars of the science of principles. In the present study, the indication of the conditional theorem to the concept has been studied in a descriptive-critical way. In this study, after explaining the location of the dispute, while unprecedentedly reviewing the arguments and evidences of those who agree with the concept of condition with the focus on well-known principled schools and assigning the discussion to "causal monopoly" which is the most popular way to prove the concept of condition, about ten aspects are mentioned. After new categorization and standardizing arguments and their critique, most of the arguments have been distorted. Then the reliance on the application ( etlagh) of the main clause (jaza), which is sound and safe from the defects of other evidences, is presented as a new way to prove the exclusivity of the cause from one of the scholars of the principles with an explanation by the author. This seems to be the most efficient way to prove the concept, and according to it, the concept of the condition is proved.

In medical knowledge, temperament refers to the moderate quality resulting from the action and reaction of contrasting elements. Every individual and ethnic group is diverse in terms of temperament. While temperament affects factors, it is also affected by them. Factors that affect human temperament are divided into two categories: acquired and non-acquired. Therefore, identifying and modifying the acquired factors plays an important role in controlling and managing human health.Therefore, the present study aimed to comprehensively extract the acquired factors affecting temperament from the perspective of religious texts and analyze them using the achievements of traditional Muslim and non-Muslim medicine.This study is descriptive and analytical which has been done by referring to religious texts and classical and modern medical scientific sources. The obtained information has been classified, analyzed, and processed.The findings of this study indicated that issues such as nutrition, geographical environment, seasons, age, and mood are among the acquired factors affecting human temperament.

Research is a manageable and systematic process and is considered one of the basic foundations of civilization. Therefore, it is necessary to design a purposeful research plan in the direction of the realization of civilization according to the statement of the second step of the revolution. In this regard, the ideas of Ayatollah Khamenei as a thinker and leader of the modern Islamic civilization should be considered and analyzed. This descriptive-analytical study, by studying in detail the statements of the Supreme Leader  in the years 1379 to 1397, has extracted the principles and infrastructures of the path of civilization making research and the two principles of "adaptation of research to current and future needs of the country" and "achieving authority and scientific independence". It then analyzes the practical components of each; In this regard, it has proposed four components for the realization of the first principle and six components for the second principle and has proposed operational tactics.

Protest style is one of the most widely used discourse styles of the Holy Quran. In this research, by rereading and searching in the domain of interpretive and literary books, the widespread use of protest sentences in the Qur'an and its variants is presented, then by regular categorization as well as the separation of single-subject protest sentences from the multi-faceted, general omissions in the identification verses, They have been studied and documented, then the four most commonly used denominations of affirmation, rejection, interpretation and rejection of the word of the unbelievers.The purpose of the present study is to answer the question of how to use the expressive style of protest in the Holy Quran as well as to resolve the ambiguity of the discrepancy and the relationship between the verses of the protest and other verses.This research is an analytical-descriptive one, during which it is found that about twenty cases of the objections of the protest sentences and their examination prove that the object of the protest method in the Holy Quran is completely purposeful and in its proper place and used according to the present circumstances. It is, and is, in quantitative and qualitative terms far beyond the style used in the Arabic prose and discipline texts, as well as being one of the most important literary, literary and content miracles of the Holy Quran.

The purpose of the present study is to introduce strategies for the prevention and treatment of jealousy from the perspective of Islam.

The research method is descriptive-analytical. In this research, which is a type of applied research, using the Holy Quran, interpretations and narration books, strategies for the prevention and treatment of jealousy were identified and after naming, classification and analysis. Separation of internal and external solutions as well as presentation of cognitive, emotional and behavioral strategies (according to Ellis's theory model) are among the initiatives of this research. For this purpose, the solutions were divided into two categories: internal and external.

According to verses and hadiths, about internal strategies, six cognitive strategies, three emotional strategies and seven behavioral strategies and in the field of external strategies, four family strategies and three social strategies for prevention and treatment were identified and introduced.

Correct insight into God and the universe, as well as religious teachings such as piety, trust, patience, prayer, etc., play an important role in reducing and healing jealousy. However, due to the fact that the ways of prevention and treatment overlapped in most cases, therefore, prevention and treatment have not been separated from each other.

One of the most challenging topics in mystical education is the need of the seeker for a teacher and its necessity in mystical behavior, but the great mystics for some reason have refused to provide scientific and argumentative discussion in this field. Despite the importance of the issue, the functions a teacher can have in training the seeker have not been sufficiently explained and analyzed. Among Muslim mystics, Jalaluddin Mohammad Rumi, by accepting the principle of master-centeredness in conduct, has given a mystical explanation of the dimensions of such issue. In the present study, an attempt has been made to extract more than sixty verses related to the issue from different chapters of Masnavi to describe Rumi’s view on the necessity of a teacher in the mystical journey in the cognitive and behavioral dimensions by the descriptive-analytical method and by analyzing the content of verses. Based on the findings of this study, four functions of the teacher in the cognitive dimension, namely, knowing the path and destination, recognizing obstacles, diagnosing detective and intuitive events, and recognizing the difference in seekers’ structure were identified. Also, five functions in the behavioral field, namely, the care for promotion to higher levels, speeding up and facilitating the journey, the effect of the teacher’s inner guardianship, removing obstacles, and eliminating possible harms due to the absence of a teacher were categorized. Based on the results of this study, it is impossible to achieve all such factors according to Rumi without the guidance and support of a teacher.

The style of parenthetical is one of the literary grammar and discourse styles of the Quran. The purpose of the parenthetical study is to answer the question of why this style is widely used in the Holy Quran by the educational interpretation of the Quran. In this research, with the approach of education, which is the general purpose of the Qur'an, the motions and functions of the parenthetical sentences are unprecedentedly organized; education and guidance are divided into two contextual and orientational contexts, each in three forms of creation, consolidation and removal. They have prevented categorization, then attempted to reconcile each of the above verses with multiple verses and also with the findings of the educational sciences.This research is an analytical-inferential one in which, by finding about twenty cases of Quranic objections and their educational functions and examining them, it is proved that the object of the Quranic style of parenthetical is purely purposeful and in line with the educational purpose of the Qur'an, Also, the style of parenthetical is known as an independent and effective general education method. The findings of this study can be a unique educational model for formal and public education.

The Twelve-Step Anonymous Associations are one of the branches of therapeutic spirituality, which, based on moral and spiritual principles, attracts and spiritualizes people with social ills, including behavioral and consumption addiction. The purpose of this study is to critically examine four important traditions of the laws of these associations as four social principles. The present research with a descriptive-critical approach, while trying to explain the principle of unity, the principle of desire, the principle of external issues and the principle of anonymity, critique and evaluate them with the method of critique of the intellectual system and underlying principles. He acts among the traditions - which have a collective nature - and divides them into two categories, sociable and elusive, and then tries to compare and compare them with the moral and social teachings of Islam in order to confuse the seemingly morally desirable themes. And prevent the clergy of the association with genuine religious teachings. He then seeks to identify and analyze the pluralistic and anti-religious goals behind the association with a pathological perspective and with the help of the association's published texts. The findings of this study indicate that these associations, although they are national social organizations, but their mentioned social principles are harmful and have angles with the social foundations of Islam.

Hadiths of the Being newer of narrations are a group of Hadiths whose number reaches up to five. These Hadiths indicate the presentation of a Hadiths whose issuance is contradictory after the Hadiths and is called newer. Some narrators and jurists and legal have considered this group of Hadiths as the reason for the preference of the narrator over the conflict of news, and on the contrary, most of the elders have argued in these narrations and have not accepted their implication. The aim of the present study is to find the true meaning and main message of these Hadiths with a descriptive-critical approach. In this research, first, the document of Hadiths has been analyzed in a new way and most of them have been recognized as invalid. Then, an attempt has been made to critique and evaluate their implications; in this section, with scientific confrontation and consideration of in-text and extra-textual evidence, seven controversies regarding the content of the first category narrations and three disputes over the second category narrations have been introduced. The presentation of the hadiths has been organized and criticized. Then, the space for issuing this group of narrations has been analyzed and examined, and according to the words of the researchers and in terms of text, content and how to deal with the Hadiths in these Hadiths, it has been considered as a factor of conflict. The findings of the research indicate that the implication of the narrations and the way of issuing them is other than resolving the conflict and paying attention to the main message of these Hadiths has a key role in the science of Hadith.

One of the most important principles of mystical training in practical mysticism is the need of the seeker for a master in conduct, but the great mystics for some reason have refused to provide scientific and argumentative discussion in this field. In this regard, it is necessary to categorize the dimensions of the need for a teacher and explain the cognitive and behavioral position of the teacher in the course of training the seeker. Through the studies conducted in this study, we find that by linking the issue of the need for a teacher with the ten basic functions of the teacher in the cognitive and behavioral domains, the position of the teacher is adaptable and its necessity can be proved. Recognizing the intangible and complex way, recognizing tasks and programs, recognizing pests, dangers and obstacles, recognizing intuitive events and recognizing the difference in the shape of seekers, are considered as the functions of the master in the cognitive dimension. Promotion to higher levels and authorities, speeding up and facilitating the journey, the impact of the master's inner soul and guardianship, removing pests and obstacles in the seeker's journey and repelling the possible harm caused by the absence of the master, are known among the master's functions in the field of behavior.

Today, the use of religious teachings in the process of counseling and psychotherapy has attracted a lot of attention and many studies have been done in this field. The main purpose of the research is to provide a new interpretation and explanation of Islam's approach to the consequences of jealousy using religious findings and moral knowledge, and in some cases, it has been accompanied by a psychological perspective. The research method is descriptive-analytical, ie using the Holy Quran, interpretations of the Quran, books of hadiths and humanities resources, the effects of jealousy have been identified and analyzed. In this regard, the consequences of jealousy are divided into two types, spiritual and material; The disappearance of faith, the disappearance of goodness, the immersion in sin, the avoidance of divine mercy and the rejection of obedience are known to be the spiritual effects of jealousy. Life is considered one of the most important material consequences of jealousy. Preparing to promote moral teachings and prevent moral vices is one of the basic findings of research. In this regard, the consequences of jealousy are divided into two types, spiritual and material; The disappearance of faith, the disappearance of goodness, the immersion in sin, the avoidance of divine mercy and the rejection of obedience are known to be the spiritual effects of jealousy. Life is considered one of the most important material consequences of jealousy. Preparing to promote moral teachings and prevent moral vices is one of the basic findings of research.

Pervasive disasters and epidemics pose challenges to human societies, and among these, moral challenges are the most important and most difficult. The spread of the corona virus has created many moral challenges and dilemmas for humans that need to be identified and addressed. The most important ethical challenges and functions in this crisis occur in the field of medicine. The purpose of this study is to investigate the challenges and ethical functions of the medical field in the Corona epidemic.

The present study is a narrative review of books and articles that have been searched and analyzed using Data bases.

Challenges identified in the field of medical ethics are: 1. Prescribing unproven and unofficial treatments; 2. Disclosure of the disease; 3. Lack of treatment facilities and resources; 4. Patient quarantine and lack of physical contact; 5. Cost Treatment and hospitalization; 6. Quit work by medical staff; 7. Forced quarantine and use of sanitary ware; 8. Preservation and preference of personal interests. Ethical strategies for facing challenges are also divided into three sections: 1. In dealing with the patient: justice in the distribution of services and medical facilities, kindness to the patient; 2. In dealing with society: maintaining social health, unity and empathy; 3. In dealing with self: self-care and maintaining personal health. Ethical Considerations: While observing fidelity in analysis, reporting texts and citations, an effort has been made to publish the results away from any bias.

This study has shown that coping with the corona virus is not enough with treatment efforts and adherence to health protocols, and it is not possible without recognizing the ethical challenges facing corona in the medical field and without applying ethical solutions to deal with them; Because several challenges in the field of health and treatment have been identified during this study that hinder the progress of the medical field in the fight against this virus. Recognizing the ethical challenges and using the ways to solve them by the medical staff, leads to an increase in the quality of health care and the ascent of the recovery process, and prevents the entry of psychological pressures on the patient and society.

The style of parenthetical phrase is among frequently used discursive styles in the Holy Quran. In this research, with a review and detailed search in exegeses and literary books, the extensive use of parenthetical phrases in the Quran and their types have been reflected and then, after categorizing and differentiating single-purpose parenthetical phrases from multi-purpose ones, the overall purposes hidden in the verses have been identified, examined and documented. Next the four purposes of emphasis, prevention of crossing mind, expression and refuting the remarks of Kuffar (disbeleivers) have been considered to be the most used ones. The goal of this research is to answer the question why the style of parenthetical phrase is used in the Quran and resolve the ambiguity regarding a lack of proportion and relation between verses containing parenthetical phrase and other verses. This research is an analytical-descriptive one in which some 20 cases of purposes of parenthetical phrases are identified and by examining them, it is proved that the verbiage resulting from the style of parenthetical phrase in the Holy Quran is completely purposeful, fitting and appropriate, and in terms of quantity and quality, it is far beyond the styles used in Arabic poetry and prose texts. It is also one of the major factors of the Holy Quran’s literary, rhetoric and content miracles.

The current research is to validate the preference of tradition based on ahdathiyat. Posteriority of the issuance of a narration to another, as it is called ahdathiyat, is an issue that has been focused on by some jurisprudents and osūli scholars regarding the contradiction of traditions. Some scholars contend that such a matter is categorized under the issue of devoted preferences of the hadith whose argument relies on the five traditions, although the majority of osūli scholars have criticized such a basis and do not confirm its indication. Among such scholars, some believe in the intellectual basis for preference while on the contrary, most of such scholars have absolutely denied and rejected its being preferable. The research method is descriptive-analytical with a critical approach. Having mentioned the tentative countenances of the effect of these traditions and classifying the contradictions into document-related, implication-related, and cases-related, the researchers have classified the implication-related one to specific (textual concept) and general (common concept). Thus, some of the contradictions are resolved and some of the countenances of indication are supported, while due to some of the in-text and out-text indications and evidences and due to the infeasibility of resolving some contradictions, the effect of these traditions is in contradiction with the preference of ahdath toreach the true ruling regarding the issue of contradiction.