علیرضا نعیمی

Export promotion and support for the internationalization of enterprises is always on the public agenda. Export promotion programs are among the policies implemented to remove barriers to the presence of companies especially small and medium-sized companies in international markets. Although the export of technology-based products currently accounts for a small share of the country's exports, but due to the development of the ecosystem of technology-based firms in recent years and the relative success of these companies in meeting the country's needs, these companies have the potential to enter global markets; which is very important for their survival. This article provides a comprehensive overview of studies in the field of export promotion programs and the features and main components of these programs. By presenting a thematic classification of the studies, this study will examine the dimensions of the level of development of societies, functions and management and financial structure of these agencies, efficiency and effectiveness of programs and specific requirements of high technology products. Five main decision-making areas in the field of support programs have been identified: the level of awareness of export development programs, support based on the size or export experience of the company, the level of private sector participation in the board of export promotion agencies, and finally the presence of active diplomatic representatives. Finally, in order to improve the current knowledge of managers, the implications of the studies conducted for export policy makers of technology-based firms will be presented.

In recent years, a new stream of innovation studies has emerged due to the disparities generated by economic development that focus on developing innovative products for the constrained market. This stream of studies comes in some way under the subject of Inclusive Innovation and various headings such as "BOP Innovation" or "Resource-Constrained Innovation." The "Frugal Innovation" model has the most significant volume of studies among the different innovation models under the above subject. Focusing on specific customer needs and the product's core functionality and eliminating unnecessary product features, we seek to use innovative methods with the least resources (materials, energy, human resources, financial resources, etc.) to design and manufacture goods with acceptable performance and in line with the needs of our markets. Because of healthcare's specific characteristics, most frugal innovation case studies in the literature related to this area. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the frugal innovation approach has been seen in many countries as a problem-solving and crisis-management capability. This is due to the need to provide fast, inexpensive, and scalable solutions that can be learned. Based on the documentary study method, while exploring the theoretical foundations of the frugal innovation approach in the Iran innovation studies for the first time, this article aims to examine the capacities of this approach to tackle the epidemic crisis and to provide evidence of successful product samples from different countries, and then to draw lessons learned from these studies Based on the lessons learned from the Corona era, this paper introduces frugal innovation approach as a new perspective for Iranian entrepreneurs and businesses in the post-Corona era, during which limited resources firms develop innovative products for customers in emerging markets.