مقالات رزومه مهدی کهندل

The purpose of this study was to determine the factors affecting sustainable development in mountaineering. The research method is exploratory and applied in terms of its purpose, and 150 mountaineers from the centers of the northwestern provinces of the country were selected by purposive sampling. The face and content validity of the research instrument was confirmed by a group of experts, and its constructive validity was confirmed by factor analysis based on structural equation modeling. Based on orthogonal rotational heuristic factor analysis, 34 items were categorized into eight factors that accounted for 52.44 of the variance of sustainable development. It is noteworthy that the results of confirmatory factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha coefficients supported the eight-factor structure of the 34-item questionnaire and confirmed its validity and reliability. The results of this study and the extractive dimensions of the tool show the factors affecting sustainable development in mountaineering sports and the results also can help mountaineers to pay more attention to some of the aspects of sustainable development in mountaineering and mountainous areas.

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the causal relationship of organizational reputation on e-loyalty with the mediating role of satisfaction and customer experience management of Sports equipment online stores. The information considered from 492 people and through data collection tools including organizational reputation questionnaire from Loma-Aho questionnaire (2008) and electronic satisfaction questionnaire based on Lee and Turin model (2001) and customer experience management questionnaire from electronic shopping as a researcher made and the electronic loyalty questionnaire was extracted by Durmus et al. (2013). The results of the research using the structural equation modeling method showed that all research hypotheses are confirmed and there are significant relationships between organizational reputation and electronic loyalty with the mediating role of electronic satisfaction and customer experience management of electronic shopping. Organizational reputation, e-satisfaction and customer experience management of e-shopping are all effective in making customers loyal And the positive relationship between them can be a guide to attract and attract customer loyalty.

Researchers found the root of teachers' conflict in factors such as job satisfaction, the type of relationship between teachers, accepting the role of a teacher and the level of responsibility, and evaluated the role of the school principal as important in solving the aforementioned factors (3). On the other hand, in a study of the effect of conflict on employee performance, researchers stated that limited resources are the main cause of conflict (4). Managers should adapt their conflict management style based on material and spiritual demands in the organization as well as motivations derived from local/regional culture (5). If school principals play the role of mediators instead of resorting to force in resolving conflicts between teachers, the teacher's work motivation will increase significantly (6, 7).On the other hand, the researchers stated in the results of their research that from the point of view of physical education teachers, other education teachers do not have a favorable attitude about physical education and consider it as a lesson that requires less effort (8). What kind of dynamic conflicts can be created in the education environment and in the work of physical education teachers, so that with the least resources, physical education classes, including: hours of physical education in schools, facilities and equipment, sports equipment, can be more effective Sports, higher motivation of teachers, paying attention to students' vitality and freshness, more mobility, paying attention to students' interests. Therefore, the researcher is trying to answer the question, what is the status of the components of dynamic conflicts of physical education teachers?

The research method was descriptive-survey. The statistical population consisted of physical education teachers of Alborz province (N=150), who were selected as a sample according to the size of the population and the sampling method of the total number of all the population. In order to collect research data, interviews were first conducted with the experts, then based on the results of the interviews, a researcher-made questionnaire with 12 components and 40 items was used, the validity and reliability of which was confirmed.Next, to analyze the research data, the researcher used descriptive statistics methods mean, standard deviation, frequency and percentage distributions. At the level of inferential statistics, in order to test the research hypotheses, the Kalmogorov Smirnov test was used to ensure the normality of the sample distribution, and the Levine test was used to ensure the homogeneity of the variance. After confirming these preconditions, confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis, t, F tests and structural equations were used. The above statistical methods were performed using SPSS version 22 and Amos version 20 software at the error level of 0.05.

The results showed that the average opinion of the respondents regarding the state of dynamic conflicts of physical education teachers is equal to 4.15, which is greater than the hypothetical average (μ=3). The value of sig/2 is equal to 0.001, which is less than 0.05, and also the value of t statistic is equal to 39.86, which is a positive value, so with 95% confidence, we can say that the status of the components of dynamic conflicts of physical education teachers is favorable. . It was also found that the probability values ​​of all components are less than 0.01; Therefore, all components are accepted at a significance level of 0.99 (Table 1).Finally, the results of Friedman's statistical table were significant at the level of p ≥ 05, so there is a significant difference between the average ranking of factors affecting the dynamic conflicts of physical education teachers. As a result, according to the average rating obtained from the research components, in order: consideration of work and over-observance, creating agreements based on mutual benefit, developing and presenting feasible tasks, setting goals step by step until action, space and location Conflict, the naturalness of conflict, clarifying perceptions and understandings, creating a positive and powerful cooperative relationship, paying attention to needs instead of demands, focusing on the future by learning from the past, and providing options for mutual benefit were prioritized (Table 3).

The results showed that the status of the components of dynamic conflicts of physical education teachers is favorable. The results of the research showed that providing options for mutual benefit to the highest impact factor as the first source of dynamic conflict indicates that teachers do not receive the benefit they need in line with the win-win method in communication.Focusing on the future by learning from the past as the second component affecting dynamic conflicts that has a role as a template, using past experiences and a strategic perspective towards conflicts is one of the pillars or inseparable components of groups and organizations. It is The conflict is caused by goals, standards and different understanding of the results of phenomena.Correct understanding of this complex phenomenon gives meaning to social life and causes effective organizational management (9). Dynamic conflicts are conflicts that lead to the progress of a person towards the realization of higher goals. These components give the people involved the opportunity to know the issues and opportunities that have been forgotten and as a result, creativity and performance are improved (10).Positive cooperation is ranked third. In this regard, Humphrey et al.'s research results (2017) showed that the type of communication has a significant impact on dynamic conflicts; So that these communications can happen at the individual and group level (11). The studies of Friedman, Teed, Koral and Tsai (2000) showed that interpersonal conflicts in the work environment have a positive relationship with the level of stress experienced during work, but each person based on their experiences, personality characteristics and Their personal and psychological preparation when they face conflicts, they try to manage them in different ways (12).The next rank is clarification in a research conducted by Serafin and Montserrat (2017) under the title of investigating social sensitivities in environmental conflicts. The results of their research showed that people should have high communication skills in collective discussions and decisions. Because the lack of proper communication causes social sensitivities and eventually causes various conflicts for the individual or the organization (13).

This qualitative research aims to formulate a model for sustainable development of mountaineering in the country using systematic grounded theory. For this purpose, an open interview with 18 professors of sports management and mountaineering experts with experience and history of long ascents, a collection of basic themes recycled during the coding process, from which categories were extracted. In the caxial coding phase, the relations among these categories were determined in the form of coding paradigm as below: mountain nature management and strengthening of social values, axial phenomenon: environmental, economic and socio-cultural sustainability, strategy factors include: training, teamwork, experience sharing, environmental attitude and cost management, background factors include: education, respect for nature, cooperation, commitment and responsibility, interfering conditions, including: tolerating the opinions of others, respecting the customs of the natives and observing the principles and rules of mountaineering, and consequences, including: preservation of nature and indigenous culture, employment were determined in the form of coding paradigm. Then and in selective coding phase, all the components of coding paradigm were described and the theory was formulated and presented. Considering the category of sustainable development and mountaineering, which has gained a lot of fans at the moment, and this increase in approach will have different consequences, Therefore, the mountaineering federation and the mountaineering delegations of the provinces should have a review and a well-planned plan for the scientific management of this socio-sports activity.

Human resources and their potential is the key to an organization's success. Considering this important principle, the study is to investigate the effect of supervisory governance on human resource development with the mediating role of political behavior of the staff of the Ministry of Sports and Youth of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The method of the study is descriptive-correlation of structural equations, based on the present time, in terms of applied purpose and in terms of collecting field information. The statistical population included all employees working in the sports and youth departments of Iran- according to the statistics announced by the administrative affairs, is 830 people (569 men and 321 women). The statistical sample according to Morgan table is 263 people from the statistical population, who were randomly selected from the simple type. Male and female sampling is randomly selected from the relative class type, which identified 161 males and 102 females. The measurement tools were three questionnaires: Safari (2020), “Youth Political Behavior” (2016) and “Human Resource Development” Tazfir, Brock and Doland (2004).
The results of structural equations showed that regulatory governance is of effect on human resource development, but the variable of political behavior does not play a mediating role in this regard. Therefore, considering the impact of the dimensions of supervisory governance, ie organizational independence, supervisory culture, regulatory transparency and integrated financial policy on human resource development of this ministry, senior managers of the Ministry of Sports and Youth need to strengthen human resource development by considering these dimensions.

Mountain tourism globally is considered due to its special privileges. Despite its rare nature and special mountainous attractions, Iran has not been able to gain its share of this industry. The purpose of this study was to determine the component of a model for sustainable development of mountain tourism in Iran. This is an applicable study and in terms of implementation strategy is Content Analysis. Using semi- structured interviews with 22 professors, mountain tourists, guides, managers, and experts of mountain tourism collected preliminary data. Research samples were selected by Purposeful, Snowball sampling and interviews were continued until approaching the theoretical saturation. Library studies and theoretical foundations were also used to collect data. Data analysis was performed by King and Horrocks thematic analysis process including three stages of descriptive coding, interpretive coding and integration through comprehensive themes using Excel software. The acquired findings were included 100 descriptive codes, 29 interpretive codes and 3 comprehensive themes. Reliability of the qualitative results was confirmed by examining the four decisive factors of Credibility, Transferability, Dependability and Confirmability, and the re-test reliability index at 91% indicated that the identifiers had good reliability. Based on the coding and the research results, the main influential components included infrastructure, attractiveness and sustainability. The results of this study are expected to contribute the researchers, managers, guides, local community and other stakeholders in the field of mountain tourism in order to reveal the key and important aspects for sustainable growth and development

The aim of the research was to identify the drivers influencing the maturity of knowledge management in physical education of the Ministry of Education of Iran. The research method was applied in terms of its purpose and in terms of its nature, it was based on future research, analytical and exploratory method, which was done qualitatively; The method of collecting information was documentary and library. The required information was obtained through in-depth semi-structured interviews with 23 experts; These people are faculty members of Farhangian universities with specialization in sports sciences, physical education teachers, employees of Farhangian University and employees of the Ministry of Education, people with university education related to the field of research. To analyze, a 9-by-9 matrix cross-effects matrix was used by Mick Mac software. The results showed that the drivers of organizational support and infrastructure, management agents and content have an important role in improving system relations. These drivers are effective and influential. The drivers of strategic alignment of knowledge management and knowledge management environment had the least impact and the most impact among other drivers, which according to the conditions of knowledge management in physical education. Also, the drivers of processes and knowledge management processes, the drivers of IT infrastructure and the of employees are more effective and less effective. These three propellants are more influential than the relationships of other propellants. Evaluation drivers do not have a key and important role in the formation of the spatial organization

Despite the very positive physical and mental consequences of green sport, no much attention has been paid to culturalization of this activity and the citizens’ participation in public physical activities is very little despite the existence of amusement-sport parks . The purpose of this study is investigating the causal relationship between the consequences of green sport and citizens' sport participation with the mediating role of vitality from quantitative and qualitative perspectives. For this purpose, in several qualitative stages and by aggregating the sport management professors’ opinions , a new questionnaire on the consequences of green sport was compiled and completed by a statistical sample of 400 people from 9 cities of Golestan province. Descriptive statistics were used to classify raw scores, design a frequency distribution table and calculate dispersion indices such as mean, standard deviation and frequency and to answer the research questions, exploratory factor analysis and structural equations were used using LISREL software and confirmatory factor analysis. The results showed that the positive consequences of green sport, including social participation, environmental protection and physical and mental health have a direct positive and significant effect on increasing the citizens’ vitality  and their sport participation. Also, four vitality factors (beauty, security, health and comfort) increase citizens' sport participation. By reviewing these results, a conceptual model of green sport was presented and the examination of  the RMSEA goodness of fit indicators indicates the excellence of proposed model. Based on the results it is recommended that urban management be in such a way that the citizens are aware of the positive consequences of green sport in ordrd to increase the factors of urban vitality.

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between team quality and football fans'(Fans of Persepolis Club) engagement by considering the mediating role of emotional satisfaction. This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of how to collect descriptive information of correlation type. To collect the required data, Persepolis football team fans (n = 220) were considered as a statistical sample and completed the electronic questionnaires voluntarily. The instrument of the present study was a questionnaire and Team Quality Questionnaire Zhang et al. (1997), Emotional Satisfaction Questionnaire Reynolds & Beatty (1999) and Engagement Questionnaire Researcher-made were used. The results of structural equation modeling showed that team quality has an effect on emotional satisfaction and engagement of fans and also the relationship between emotional satisfaction and engagement of fans is positive and significant. Also, the role of positive mediation of emotional satisfaction on the relationship with team quality and fan engagement was confirmed. In general, it can be said that clubs strengthen team quality by using quality players and stars, can affect the engagement of the fans.

The purpose of this study is to present an electronic marketing model in the production sector of Iran's sports industry. The method of the present research is mixed (qualitative-quantitative) and structural equations, based on the present time, in terms of applied purpose and in terms of collecting field information. The statistical community in the quality sector includes experts who specialize in sports marketing and have a history of management in sports equipment manufacturing companies. Also, in a small part, including all the managers of companies producing sports equipment in Iran, according to the statistics announced through the official website of the Ministry of Industry, Mines and Trade, there are 255 people (236 men and 19 women). Due to the limited statistical population, the statistical sample was selected by the total number method, with the difference that only 238 healthy questionnaires were returned by the managers and the final number of the statistical sample is 238 people (223 males and 15 females). The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview in the qualitative part of the interview. The results of this interview were designed in the form of a questionnaire with 4 main factors. For construct validity (exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis), Cronbach's alpha was used for reliability. The results of the final model were approved in 4 factors: technology, promotion, possibility of ordering online and answering customers' questions. Therefore, it is suggested that managers in their manufacturing companies use technology to update the company and provide conditions in e-marketing to make better use of this space to better promote. Also, the field of holding training courses for employees on responding and dealing appropriately with customers should be foreseen, and in order to receive orders, hold a course to familiarize employees to receive orders.

To achieve development in changing environment and current knowledge, organizations need to make decisions to maintain and develop valuable resources and effective use of human competencies, one of these strategies is to plan and organize the concept of career path. The aim of study was to design a career development model in physical education managers of Tehran Municipality. Research method is qualitative and based on data foundation theorizing. Participants included 22 university faculty members in the field of sports management, mayors and deputies of the 22 districts of Tehran Municipality, and physical education directors of the districts of Tehran Municipality, were selected through non-random sampling in a purposeful manner to achieve theoretical saturation. Data were collected through in-depth and semi-organized interviews, and acceptability, portability, and verifiability were used to assess the validity of the instrument. Data analysis was performed in three stages of coding (open, axial and selective). Using open coding technique, 108 basic concepts were identified and by categorizing these concepts, 89 sub-categories were formed and in axial coding, 7 main categories were categorized. Individual factors, organizational factors, education system, organizational perspective, performance evaluation and management, environmental conditions and cultural conditions are the main factors in development of career path in physical education managers. Based on present model, the process of career development in physical education managers can be analyzed and concepts of career path development resulting from this research can affect final performance of the municipality in order to achieve development of managers and superior organizational goals.

In this study, some predictions and consequences of football fans' engagement have been examined. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of how to collect descriptive information of correlation type. To collect the required data, Persepolis football team fans (n = 220) were considered as a statistical sample and completed the electronic questionnaires voluntarily. To collect data from six questionnaires; Team Quality Questionnaire Zhang et al. (1997), Communication Quality Questionnaire Nyadzayo et al. (2015), Emotional Satisfaction Questionnaire Reynolds & Beatty (1999), Perceived Value Questionnaire Daniel Sweeney (2008), Engagement Questionnaire Researcher-made, Behavioral Questionnaire Kim (2008) has been used. The results of structural equation modeling showed that team quality affects emotional satisfaction and engagement of fans, but relationship quality only affects engagement. The relationship between emotional satisfaction and fan engagement as well as the relationship between engagement and behavioral intentions was positive and significant. The role of positive mediation of emotional satisfaction on the relationship between team quality and fan engagement was confirmed. Also, Perceived value moderated the causal relationship between relationship quality and emotional satisfaction. According to the results, it is suggested that the clubs, by improving the quality of their team and relationship with the fans, create a permanent engagement for them so that they can increase their intention to re-presence and word of mouth spread.

The purpose of this study was present the mental model, identifying and ranking the mental model components of the sports companies managers in manufacturing sector of Iranian sports industry, using fuzzy Delphi technique. The present study is a combination (qualitative and quantitative), descriptive-analytic, and time-based research, which is applied in terms of purpose and is a field research, in terms of data collection. The statistical population of the study includes the managers of companies producing Iranian sports equipment, according to statistics announced through the official website of the Ministry of Industry, Mines and Trade of the country, 255 people (236 men and 19 women). The statistical sample was selected purposefully in the qualitative part and in the quantitative part by the total number method. In the qualitative part, fuzzy Delphi method was used and in the quantitative part, exploratory factor analysis and structural equations were used. Findings showed that the components of mental ability, mental involvement, mental history and psychological characteristics have an explanatory role in shaping the mental model of managers. Other findings showed that the highest rank is related to mental ability and the lowest rank is related to mental conflict. Therefore, managers can use their mental ability to solve the company's problems.

The purpose of this study was to construct and validate the e-readiness questionnaire in sports and youth departments in East – Azerbaijan. To achieve this goal, scientific documents and various articles of 15 experts and university professors in the field of e-readiness of questionnaire were reviewed and 65 items were obtained. Then by reconsidering the opinion of experienced professors the questionnaire was reduced to 58 items. After exammining the qualitative stages, the questionnaire was administered among 162 employees of sports and youth departments of East –Azerbaijan. After going through qualitative and quantitative stages, the final questionnaire was designed with 53 items and seven factors. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed on e-readiness questionnaire and fitting model, regarding square root error variance of 0.068, was obtained which was an indication of suitability of fitness model. The reliability of the questionnaire on the basis of Cronbach’s alpha correlation coefficient of 0.86 was obtained which indicated that the reliability of the questionnaire was acceptable. According to the result of the research, factors of e-readiness on the basis of their significance are as following: management, human forces, politics, technology, organization, e-business environment readiness, environment. The designed questionnaire in this study can be a suitable tool for evaluating the e-readiness in sports organizations.

The purpose of this study was to present an electronic marketing model in the production sector of Iran's sports industry. The method of the present research was mixed (qualitative-quantitative) and structural equations, based on the present time, in terms purpose was applied and in terms of collecting field information. The statistical population in the quality sector includes experts who specialize in sports marketing and have a history of management in sports equipment manufacturing companies. Also, in a small part, including all the managers of companies producing sports equipment in Iran, according to the statistics announced through the official website of the Ministry of Industry, Mines and Trade, there are 255 people (236 men and 19 women). Due to the limited statistical population, the statistical sample was selected by the total number method, with the difference that only 238 healthy questionnaires were returned by the managers and the final number of the statistical sample is 238 people (223 males and 15 females). The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview in the qualitative part of the interview. The results of this interview were designed in the form of a questionnaire with 4 main factors. For construct validity (exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis), Cronbach's alpha was used for reliability. The results of the final model were approved in 4 factors: technology, promotion, possibility of ordering online and answering customers' questions. Therefore, it is suggested that managers in their manufacturing companies use technology to update the company and provide conditions in e-marketing to make better use of this space to better promote. Also, the field of holding training courses for employees on responding and dealing appropriately with customers should be foreseen, and in order to receive orders, hold a course to familiarize employees to receive orders.

The purpose of this study is the effect of marketing capabilities on the performance of companies in the manufacturing sector of Iran's sports industry. The present study is a descriptive correlation with the structural equation model approach and based on time, present, in terms of applied purpose and in terms of collecting field information. The statistical population includes the managers of companies producing sports equipment in Tehran province. The statistical population includes all managers of companies producing sports equipment in Iran. According to statistics announced through the official website of the Ministry of Industry, Mines and Trade, 255 people (236 men and 19 women) To be. The statistical sample was selected by integer method. Measurement tools were two questionnaires: marketing capabilities of Athahan and Gima (1995) and performance of Pertosa Ortega et al. (2010). The results of structural equations showed that marketing capability affects the performance of companies in the production sector of Iran's sports industry; Therefore, managers can use marketing capabilities to achieve better performance in the sports industry. Therefore, it is suggested that the managers of sports production companies improve their performance by implementing marketing and paying attention to sports capabilities.

Conflict often refers to cases in which units or individuals work against each other instead of working together. Webster's dictionary defines conflict as a battle and the difference between opposing forces and the existing contradiction between instincts or morals and religious and moral ideals (1). According to Robbins, conflict is a process in which the first person intentionally tries to prevent the second person from achieving his or her interests and goals in a deterrent manner (2).Due to the nature of sports and its close relationship with social, political and economic issues in society, the sports environment, especially educational organizations, are the source of potential conflicts between different organizations (4). It is therefore essential to exercise competence to resolve, manage and prevent employee conflict before it leads to resignation, retaliation, litigation or other extremist action (5). For example, teachers, and especially physical education teachers, in order to be able to provide basic physical education programs to ensure the physical and mental health of students and to create favorable conditions for the development of students' athletic talents, must have differences and Manage conflicts effectively and efficiently. Since the main part of physical education classroom management is to provide a suitable educational environment and gather students in groups that work away from conflicts and disagreements in achieving educational goals, physical education classes need to There are teachers who moderate the internal pressures on their motivation and balance their behavior (6).There are shortcomings in physical education classes, including: physical education hours in schools, facilities and equipment, sports equipment, priority of other subjects over physical education, school principals' attitude towards this subject, which has caused conflicts between teachers and principals. . Studying conflicts and resolving them in the field of education is still a complex and multidimensional issue. Research should examine this relationship with other levels of education and whether these outcomes affect teachers' performance. Given these explanations, the researcher seeks to address the dynamic conflict model of physical education teachers.

For the present applied research which was done by survey method, among the physical education teachers of Alborz province (150 people) due to the limited population using available sampling and the total number of all members of the community were considered as a sample. The researcher-made questionnaire consisted of 40 questions that were prepared and compiled for each factor, at least 3 questions, and these three questions distributed and collected the factors affecting the dynamic conflict of physical education teachers from various aspects. To determine the validity of the questionnaire from the perspective of experts, professors and experts, its validity was approved by these experts by providing amendments. Also, in order to evaluate the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha coefficient test was used and the reliability of the research tool was 0.816. Finally, descriptive statistics, Kalmogorov-Smirnov tests, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, t-test and structural equations were used for SPSS software version 22 and Amos version 20 at error level of 0.05 for statistical analysis of data.

The results showed that the average opinion of the respondents about the situation of dynamic conflicts of physical education teachers is equal to 4.15, which is higher than the hypothetical average (μ = 3). The value of sig / 2 is equal to 0.001 which is less than 0.05 and also the value of t-statistic is equal to 39.86 which is a positive value so it can be said with 95% confidence that the components of the dynamic conflict components of physical education teachers It is desirable (Table 1).Another finding showed that the model has a good fit (Table 2). According to the results of the research model, the dimensions of "mutual benefit option", "focus on the future", "transparency" and "positive cooperation" have the greatest impact on "dynamic conflict of teachers" with coefficients of 0.77, 0.75, 66, respectively. / 0 and 0.66. Finally, the results showed that the probability values ​​of all components are less than 0.001; Therefore, all components are accepted at a significance level of 0.99(Table 3).

The results of the present study showed that among the sources of dynamic conflict in physical education teachers, providing options for mutual benefit has the greatest effect. Research shows that communication problems, inadequate information exchange, and rhetoric in the communication channel alone are barriers to communication and create potential conditions for conflict. Too much or too little communication also increases the possibility of conflict. As a result, it is possible to increase communication to a certain extent, and by exceeding that limit, communication becomes excessive, which results in increasing the possibility of creating opposition. This factor can be suggestions in terms of win-win method in communication (19).Another result of the present study is the focus on the future by learning from the past. It seems that the difference between the teaching conditions for physical education teachers compared to other teachers, the lack of importance of physical education lessons, unreasonable expectations of managers and the lack of sports facilities and equipment have caused physical education teachers by managers and Their co-workers endure a lot of psychological and environmental pressures. Existence of psychological and environmental pressures causes physical education teachers to not be able to work in schools as expected of them and to achieve the goals set by themselves and the organization, and this causes a conflict between colleagues and teachers with the principal.In addition, according to the results of the research model, the transparency factor can be effective in creating a dynamic conflict among physical education teachers. This result of the research indicates that physical education teachers are confused in the implementation of their responsibilities and the reason may be the lack of clear rules related to the job description of teachers. It seems that there are many differences in the set of rules and regulations of education and the perception of these rules is different in different people. Also, the transparency of the rules and their explanation is not done by the senior managers of the organization and consequently the school principals for quick and timely decisions.In general, the results showed that the relationship between the dynamic conflict components of physical education teachers is based on a positive attitude in conflict resolution, in other words, to form and maintain the perception that leads to conflict behavior, communication Strengthen among teachers. Communication problems can be an important source of incompatibility and conflict formation.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the The impact of learning organization on employee empowerment with the mediating role of information technology in the country's skating boards. The research method was descriptive survey. In terms of the purpose of collecting applied information, in terms of data collection time, it was current-looking and in the structural equations section, it was forward-looking. The statistical population of the present study included all employees of the country's skating teams, which included about 500 people. The statistical sample was 220 people who were selected as available. Employee Empowerment questioner of Matthews, Diaz and Cole (2002) and Organizational Learning by Gomez, Lorente and Cabrera (2005) and Information and Communication Technology by Abdavi and Fathi (2016) were used to collect data. The reliability of the questionnaires was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Regression and correlation were used to test the research hypotheses. Then, to test the research model, structural equation modeling method was used using LISREL structural equation software. The results showed that information and communication technology and learning organization affect employee empowerment. also the learning organization influences the empowerment of employees through the mediating role of information and communication technology in the country's skating boards.

Ambush marketing is a creative and daring method, while in many ways it creates legal barriers to this method, but there are many methods that do ambiguous marketing in a legal way. The aim of this study was to identify the effective factors in the marketing of sports products with the foundation data approach. The research method was qualitative and based on data theorizing. In this study, semi-structured interviews were used to collect information and data analysis was performed by Strauss and Corbin method and paradigm model. The statistical population of the study includes marketing experts and sports management professors who had an article or writings in the field of research. The reliability of the interviews was 0.85 by intra-subject agreement study. A total of 89 conceptual propositions were created from open source and 6 axes from the process of communication between codes and 6 selected codes to develop the main phenomenon. The results showed that 6 factors affect business ethics, creativity and innovation, citizenship rights, laws and regulations, surprise advertising and utilitarianism. Therefore, novelty and attractive design in advertising, non-social discrimination, attention to citizenship obligations, creation and strengthening of social norms, sustainability of advertising, increasing the desire to share advertising in the audience, cultural utilitarianism are suggested.

The aim of this study was to prioritize the effective factors in the marketing of sports products. The present study was a mixed research (qualitative-quantitative). The statistical population in the qualitative section included marketing experts and sports management professors who had articles or writings in the field of research, and in the quantitative section were consumers of sports products. Statistical sample was selected in the qualitative section of 11 experts until the theoretical saturation was reached using theoretical targeted techniques and snowballs. In the quantitative section, between 5 and 10 samples were required for each item, so 308 samples. Formed statistics. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview in the qualitative part and a researcher-made questionnaire in the quantitative part. The reliability of the interviews was 0.85 by intra-subject agreement study. Content validity in terms of experts and construct validity (exploratory factor analysis) was used. Finally, six factors, namely business ethics, creativity and innovation, citizenship rights, utilitarianism, surprise advertising, and rules and regulations, influence the marketing of sports products. Therefore, novelty and attractive design in advertising, non-social discrimination, attention to citizenship obligations, creating and strengthening social norms, sustainability of advertising, increasing the desire to share advertising in the audience, cultural utilitarianism are suggested.

The aim of this study was to design a model for developing swimming sports in Iran. The research method was a combination of exploratory research (qualitative and quantitative). The statistical population in the qualitative part of professors and faculty members of sports management, managers and experts of the Swimming Federation and the expert coaches of the national swimming team and in a small part including the Swimming Federation (10 people), provincial delegations (128 people), swimming coaches (3390 people). The statistical sample in the qualitative section 30 members of the qualitative population was targeted and in the quantitative section for each question between 5 and 10 people were required, 346 people were considered by stratified random method. Exploratory factor analysis was used to reduce the questions and structural equations were used to fit the model using SPSS software version 23 and PLS version 2. The results of structural equation modeling showed that economic, social and cultural, political, technological and sports factors, each of which is macro, medium and micro, are effective in the development of swimming in Iran. The results of the research can be useful for managers and decision makers in the field of swimming in Iran to achieve success in the international arena.

This qualitative research aims to formulate a model for sustainable development of mountaineering in the country using systematic grounded theory. For this purpose, an open interview with 18 professors of sports management and mountaineering experts with experience and history of long ascents, a collection of basic themes recycled during the coding process, from which categories were extracted. In the axial coding phase, the relations among these categories were determined in the form of coding paradigm as below: mountain nature management and strengthening of social values, axial phenomenon: environmental, economic and socio-cultural sustainability, strategy factors include: training, teamwork, experience sharing, environmental attitude and cost management, background factors include: education, respect for nature, cooperation, commitment and responsibility, interfering conditions, including: tolerating the opinions of others, respecting the customs of the natives and observing the principles and rules of mountaineering, and consequences, including: preservation of nature and indigenous culture, employment were determined in the form of coding paradigm. Then and in selective coding phase, all the components of coding paradigm were described and the theory was formulated and presented. Considering the category of sustainable development and mountaineering, which has gained a lot of fans at the moment, and this increase in approach will have different consequences, Therefore, the mountaineering federation and the mountaineering delegations of the provinces should have a review and a well-planned for the scientific management of this socio-sports activity.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between coaching style and stressors with athletic performance of football players of the premier league of Alborz province. The research method is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the present study was composed of all the players of the football premier league of Alborz province (N = 250). Based on Morgan's table, 148 people were randomly selected (n = 148). Bass and Avilo leadership style questionnaire (2000), Anshel and Satarso stress resources questionnaire (2007), and Ghasemi athletic performance questionnaire (2012) were used. The calculated Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.88 for the variable of transformational leadership style, 0.80 for pragmatic leadership style, 0.59 for non-intervention leadership style, 0.84 for stressors, and 0.82 for athletic performance. Spearman correlation showed a positive and significant relationship between transformational, pragmatic and non-interventional styles with athletic performance. No significant relationship was found between the stressors and athletic performance. Also, the results of multivariate regression showed that transformational leadership style can predict athletic performance.