مقالات رزومه آرش تقی پور اختری

Human, as the product of the village, is the main determinant of the formation of a place and the future development path. Among the significant concerns regarding the villages of Kuhdasht County is the extensive migration of natives. Therefore, in line with addressing the overarching theme of "the role of place in the process of rural development," the problem of this research is posed as "How is the development place in the daily life of villages in the Kuhdasht region?" Indeed, based on the assumption that "place connects human and village through mutual care pathways," the "village" is introduced as the "development place," providing a space for the daily life of human and village to achieve the "achievements" resulting from confronting unique and continuously complex hardships in the form of space. The research aims to elucidate a comprehensive model of the development place in the daily life of villages by addressing the two questions, "How is the built landscape of the village in the Kuhdasht region?" and "How is the lived landscape of the village in the Kuhdasht region?" To achieve compatibility in the "common perceived reality" of the two research questions, there is a need to compare two parallel semantic domains. This means that "descriptions of the region that are the result of observation (present)" are accounted for through thematic analysis, and "descriptions of the region that are the result of lifeworld experiences (non-present)" are accounted for through the hermeneutic phenomenology strategy, and the findings of these two steps are summarized with equal weight. The research findings revealed three dimensions: "performance," "ideology," and "assets" for the first question. In the second question, three experiences—"common birthplace," "common function," and "common assets"—were o obtained from phenomenological interviews. Finally, by comparing the results of these two stages, a model consisting of four dimensions—"place,"," "assets," "social space," and "unction"—was summarized.

Tappeh Mill is one of the most enigmatic historical structures in Iran, situated within the ancient boundaries of Rey. Despite various efforts to enhance awareness about it, the results have been less fruitful for various reasons. Therefore, the present mapping considers "observation" as a tool for assessing the scenic tensions in a "constructed space" and addresses the question of how "the view of the Tappeh Mill complex, in relation to its environment, function, and previous representations, can be described." In this regard, the presented observations delve into previous representations, abstracting any form from the primary nature of the hill, and estimating the access routes on it. It also speaks of the temporal features of the hill, emphasizing that the main axis of the hill and its solid structures align with the position concerning the sunrise on the first day of Dey and its sunset on the 31st of Khordad. These moments hold special significance both geographically and culturally.

Theoretical support with the aim of facilitating urban policy-making in order to realize the "discourse of justice" in the city is the problem which in this study, despite the vagueness, has been considered. Therefore, in order to achieve this goal, we try to identify the normative dimension around the value of justice in the relationship between the four recurring, widespread and controversial concepts of "good urban governance", "sustainable urban development" and "right to the city" and "spatial justice". In this way, after building a conceptual framework based on the secondary data in the relationship between these concepts around the discourse of justice; we attempt to determine the normative dimension by using CODAS multi-criteria selection and BWM weighting techniques. Therefore, the method of this research, despite dealing with data of a qualitative nature, is quantitative. This study also shows the capability of CODAS technique to be used in urban studies and introduces the concept of "sustainable urban development" as a normative dimension of pursuing the discourse of justice in urban spaces. It is expected that by providing a set of principles and guidelines, it will facilitate urban policy-making in order to achieve the discourse of justice in cities.

Problem statement: 

Despite the introduction of the concept of “sustainable urban development” - following the consequences of one-dimensional economic development - urban researchers still pay less attention to legal practices in this area. Laws are presented as a development framework, related to historical contexts, institutional capacities, etc., and their success is introduced in achieving “what is necessary”. since their success is not always guaranteed; to describe them, one must go beyond the level of a legal draft; and its implementation process and results should be studied as a whole unit. Therefore the research question is how Tehran’s physical-spatial development laws are based on the planning law assessment framework (PLAF) analytical model.

This study attempts to provide a descriptive-analytical study of the status of physical-spatial development planning laws in Tehran, on the path to sustainable urban development.

This applied-developmental research used indicators derived from the PLAF analytical model and carried out data processing by a group consisting of eight experts. Finally, the qualitative criteria measured, are quantified and compared.

Finally, the results of this mixed research showed on the path to sustainable urban development Tehran’s physical-spatial development law, is not in the desired situation both in terms of functional effectiveness and technical dimensions. Among the six thematic categories studied, the planning laws related to “building codes” and “land-based finance” are in the best and worst status in terms of “Functional effectiveness”, respectively. Also, the planning laws related to “Development Rights” and “public spaces” are in the best and worst condition in terms of “technical aspects”, respectively. The same situation is reflected in the final score, and the planning laws related to “plots and blocks” and “Development Rights” have the highest, and the planning laws related to “public spaces” have the lowest scores among all categories. Finally, it is noteworthy that the ultimate descriptions of this research can explain the legal reasons for the gap between the spatial situation of Tehran, between the desired vision of urban sustainable development.

According to the citizens, it is years that the urban physical space of Tehran has been characterized by uneven growth and increasing injustice, and its spatial development management is also described as inefficient by various experts. Urban construction is the act of creating a physical space to advance urban functions, and the city’s spatial organization is formed in solidarity with its continuity. Thus, management of the spatial-physical development of the city is a mission pursued by urban management, and the existence of an efficient, effective urban management, as a government infrastructure and an executive attempt to realize good governance and then sustainable urban development is a matter of consensus. By accepting the spatial inefficiencies in Tehran’s urban development and rejecting the gap between content and form, this research introduces its problem as an explanation and interpretation of how Tehran’s urban construction management system functions.

Theoretical Framework:

Construction is always a different experience and creates a heterogeneous good. The literature review also demonstrates that each research has described urban construction from its own theoretical-philosophical perspective and background. In fact, the variety of theoretical approaches to urban construction held by political philosophies is accompanied by a unique resultant of the actuals at any time. Therefore, construction is introduced sometimes as the agent of meeting expectations and sometimes as the cause of the current conditions. This gives construction the status of a social construct. Due to the historical dependence of actualized behaviors on the institutional context and variation in functions, one should refer to the conceptual roots of the phenomenon to study the evolutionary path thereof, focusing on the dynamic, unbalanced behavior of social systems.Therefore, an aspect of truth used to explain such a phenomenon that is created, lived, and understood by citizens is the spaces of representation or the part where the land developers (constructors) live the urban construction management system. That is, it is not the same as what the authorities assign to the construction through administrative instructions, nor as how the experts describe the urban construction management system. Rather, it is by being immersed in the path of building and functioning as a land developer that the unique spatiality of every society can be justified.

Since urban construction management is recognized as a multiple, dynamic unit (mutual, continuous influence of constituent dimensions), abduction of the lived experiences of the active land developers requires immersion in data, which are collected through adoption of an intersubjective, empathic approach. Therefore, the strategy of this qualitive research is phenomenological, categorized under the interpretive paradigm. The research population consists of Tehran’s land developers who were selected using purposive sampling. Finally, eight in-depth interviews were conducted. Thus, the researchers clustered and finally combined the lived experiences to achieve a rich description while observing Epoché’s principles throughout the research. It should be mentioned that the thematic analysis technique was used for horizontalization, clustering, and classification of data.

As a result of the conducted interviews, transcriptions, and extracted concepts, 67 basic themes were identified in the first step after several rounds of editing. Then, the themes were classified under 17 organizing themes. In fact, an attempt was made at this stage to cluster the intersection of the basic themes, which was realized through movements back and forth between the holistic and detailed approaches and immersion in the data. The process was repeated to form global themes, and four were finally distinguished, including the basic assumptions regarding Tehran urban construction, land developers’ enabling factors, the inefficiencies imposed by the construction management system, and various stakeholders’ roles in the urban construction of Tehran and its consequences.

The findings of this study demonstrated that Tehran’s construction management system is based on different actors’ cooperation to transform space into financial value, according to land developers’ lived experiences. Although there are actors here who link this financial value to the use value due to their natural need, their expertise, or the functional nature of the space, their influence is generally limited to setting minimums. Therefore, these actors do not have a high power with respect to others to influence the production of spaces. Finally, the urban construction management system of Tehran can be explained and interpreted as the system sought to stabilize its position and apply authority to obtain its required income by developing the physical urban environment to carry on missions whose violation would have political costs or legal consequences. Moreover, these measures are taken based on inefficient processes and contents, relying on constructors’ assets and skills at the cost of commodifying urban spaces.

Urban growth is a vegetative process that crystallizes as an accumulative process, shaping the city spatial structure over decades. In this way, current activities are deposited on the urban fabric through Building, and improve and develop the urban form in response to the changing needs of its time. Since the Building custodian at the Urban level is the Urban management; and governance is a central issue on the path to sustainable development; the research’s problem is "What are the necessities of [Tehran’s] urban building management system in Iranian researchers’ representations". In this regard, the scientific descriptions of Iranian experts on the realities and desirability of the urban Building management system are considered as a face of truth; and the researcher, in order to understand it, uses the thematic analysis strategy as one of the qualitative methods. In this regard, out of 789 sources updated in the Iranian scientific databases, 65 were systematic sampled. The results of this fundamental research showed that according to Iranian experts, the urban building management system of Tehran can be considered as "Tehran’s Building Governance", when it has a Reliable, Remarkable, and Respectable. In other words, by pursuing "fair, balanced and empowering growth", it has sought to "solve the physical and spatial problems of the city of Tehran" in order to achieve "sustainable and affordable product"; and follows this path by "relying on endogenous capacities based on local values" by a "cooperative, efficient and collectivist organization" and in "facing the legal-executive challenges of Tehran’s urban management".

Sustainable building is one of the pillars of sustainable development , and its realization in Tehran that encompasses a significant share of building and production of artificial environment in Iran, is even more important. Meanwhile, city management as the custodian of the realization of sustainable urban development, has an important and irreplaceable role. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explain the management challenges of sustainable building in Tehran from a governess point of view. For this purpose, mixed methods and strategies such as thematic analysis, CODAS analysis have been used. According to the data analysis Tehran's urban management is facing two types of substantive and procedural challenges, which includes overall fourteen challenges, on the way to achieve sustainable urban building. The most important of which is the confrontation with the "non-social management organization", which has been formed for decades. This issue has increasingly confirmed the importance of good urban governance in Tehran, and shows that without comprehensive, motivating and promising strategies, it is impossible to overcome, face and achieve more progressive challenges such as integrating of urban management organization, achieving resiliency, raising the awareness of stakeholders, and etc. Finally, the challenges are presented in the form of a conceptual model.

Urban growth is a vegetative process that crystallizes as an accumulative process, shaping the city spatial structure over decades. In this way, current activities are deposited on the urban fabric through construction, and improve and develop the urban form in response to the changing needs of its time. Since the construction manager at the city level is the city management; and governance is a central issue on the path to sustainable development; the research’s problem is "How to perform a governance system for the management of Tehran’s urban development". In this regard, the scientific descriptions of the country's experts on the realities and desirability of the urban construction management system are considered as a face of truth; and the researcher, in order to understand it, uses the thematic analysis strategy as one of the qualitative method. In this regard, out of 789 sources updated in the country's scientific databases, 65 were methodically sampled. The results of this fundamental research showed that according to Iranian experts, the urban construction management system of Tehran can be considered as "Tehran’s urban construction governance", when it has a respectable, reliable and significant nature. In other words, by pursuing "fair, balanced and empowering growth", it has sought to "solve the physical and spatial problems of the city of Tehran" in order to achieve "sustainable and affordable product"; and follows this path by "relying on endogenous capacities based on local values" by a "cooperative, efficient and collectivist organization" and in "facing the legal-executive challenges of Tehran’s urban management