مقالات رزومه دکتر محمدرضا فلاح

In recent years, the role of social entrepreneurship has increased significantly as a result of the weak efficiency of government institutions in improving living standards in different social sectors. Accordingly, the advantage of social entrepreneurship is focused on the less dependence of companies on financial markets and the less impact of financial crises on them (Palacios-Marqués et al., 2019). The concept of social entrepreneurship lies in the creation of social value and the question of what innovative methodologies, services, or products are chosen to create social change. Most of the social movements are managed by individuals and business groups only to improve the lives of the poor; However, social entrepreneurship is created to create a link between human, social, and sustainable development in societies (Zajda et al., 2023). For the development and expansion of social entrepreneurship in for-profit and non-profit organizations, there are many influential factors and actors. The most important actors of social entrepreneurship success include leadership, planning of social organizations, community interaction, innovative financing, human capital, legal support, and marketing of social organizations (Satar & John, 2019). Meanwhile, factors such as the role of entrepreneurs, networks, and government support are also very influential in the success and sustainability of social entrepreneurship (Bonfanti et al., 2024). Considering the importance of social entrepreneurship in creating productive employment and sustainable wealth, as well as the focus of this field on creating a continuous income stream with minimum reliance on voluntary contributions, this research seeks to answer the question, what are the main factors and actors of social entrepreneurship? And what are the appropriate strategies for the development of socialentrepreneurship?

The current research is applied in terms of purpose, descriptive in terms of nature and method, and qualitative in terms of approach; Therefore, the data collection tool in this research is an exploratory interview. The statistical population of this research includes experts, university professors, entrepreneurship lecturers, entrepreneurs, social entrepreneurs, social activists (NGOs), managers of charity organizations, and all those who are active in social fields, which are included in a non-probable snowball method. And based on the rule of saturation, 15 people have been selected. In this research, Fred R. David's framework, which has three stages, is used for the analysis and formulation of strategies. The first stage, called input, in which the main information needed to develop strategies is specified, includes two internal factors evaluation matrix (IFE) and external factors evaluation matrix (EFE). In the second stage, called the comparison stage, various types of possible strategies are explained, and for this purpose, a kind of balance is established between internal and external factors. The tools of this stage include the threats, opportunities, weaknesses, strengths (SWOT) matrix, and the internal and external (IE) matrix. Finally, the third stage, called the decision stage, uses the Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM). In the said matrix, the information provided in the first step is used so that the types of applicable strategies identified in the second step can be evaluated objectively without applying personal opinion. It is worth mentioning that in this research, the triangulation method was used to check the validity of the research findings.

Based on Fred R. David's analysis framework, to develop a strategy, one must go through three stages of input, comparison, and decision-making, in each of these stages, matrices are predicted, and finally, based on the findings and results of these matrices, strategies can be explained and prioritized based on the Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM). Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) is a suitable tool and technique for strategic planning and integration and prioritization of important internal and external factors. This technique determines which of the selected strategic options are possible and prioritizes these strategies (David et al., 2009).The strategies calculated based on the SWOT matrix include the following strategies, which are summarized from the Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM), the prioritization of social entrepreneurship development strategies is shown below (Table 1). According to the average scores of the creation of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to support social entrepreneurship, the best strategy is selected.

According to the findings from the interviews and the analysis done on them, it was determined that appropriate strategies should be adopted to enter the field of social entrepreneurship. In this part, based on the prioritization of the strategies, practical suggestions are presented as follows.Facilitating the process of creating non-governmental organizations through the national license portal;Systematic and institutional guidance of the informal economy towards the formal economy with the approach of identifying and supporting social entrepreneurs;Cultivation of social entrepreneurship through education and including courses related to this issue from the primary level of education;Spreading information and increasing the awareness of families through advertisements to strengthen socialentrepreneurship in family members;Creating a center of active graduates in the fields of social entrepreneurship and social activities;Holding creativity and innovation training workshops in the field of social entrepreneurship;Planning and taking action to design and implement the "Comprehensive Education and Employment Plan" to harmonize the demands of the labor market with university teachings with a social entrepreneurship approach;Expediting the issuance of required licenses for activities in the field of social entrepreneurship;The possibility of active participation of social entrepreneurs in macro decisions;Developing laws and regulations to support social entrepreneurs;Speeding up the process of approving and communicating the executive regulations of the law on continuous improvement of the business environment in the field of social entrepreneurship;Providing self-employment loans to eligible people to set up social businesses;Providing gratuitous banking facilities for specific areas of social entrepreneurship (such as helping the clients of the relief committee, the disabled, and others).

One of the widespread popular organizations in Iran is the Basij Organization, which, according to its inherent duty, tries to create value in this field. The current research was conducted with the aim of identifying the antecedents of value creation of Basij Construction Organization in the development of home businesses. The approach of the present qualitative research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of the nature of the data and method. The statistical population of the research includes the activists, specialists and experts of the covered businesses as well as the managers of the Basij Construction Organization in the field of organization and development of home businesses in Qom, who were interviewed with 12 experts using the snowball sampling method and according to the rule of theoretical data saturation. became. The resulting data were conceptualized using the theme analysis technique, and as a result, 178 propositions were labeled in 66 basic themes, 11 organizing themes, and 5 global themes. The results of the research show that the main value-creating antecedents of the Basij Construction organization in the development of home businesses include comprehensive themes of multilateral development, infrastructural empowerment, development of self-confidence and self-reliance, community-oriented capacity building, and development of the employment ecosystem. Therefore, in order to eliminate poverty and provide the necessary platforms for the development of home businesses, it is suggested that the Basij Organization should promote the culture of home work, teach new marketing methods, encourage successful home businesses, encourage government agencies to purchase the products of these businesses, and create product supply networks. They provide financial support, establishment of growth centers and counseling of home businesses, support for the formation of cooperatives by the families who own these businesses, holding training courses, providing permanent exhibitions.

The increasing complexity and transformation of the business environment resulting from the development of information technology as well as the advent of Web 2.0 interactive tools have led to the formation of networking and social media platforms. The trend towards changing processes in the field of marketing and e-commerce has not only influenced firms to adapt but has also made them more inclined to choose more aggressive tools and strategies to stay competitive and gain an advantage in this evolving environment. Meanwhile, the development of social commerce taking place in the context of widespread developments can impact choosing one of these tools. Social media has developed online platforms through which people can create, share, and exchange their experiences with others. They enable users to follow a variety of content through text, images, music, and video, and to share generated content in a variety of ways in addition to creating original content (Liao et al., 2022). Therefore, the media not only strengthen the connections between network users but also help companies to establish closer relationships with their consumers and, consequently, increase sales of products and services (Mou & Benyoucef, 2021).

This study is conducted primarily to provide a framework for the development of social commerce. This is a qualitative study in terms of strategy, a basic study in terms of purpose, and a descriptive study in terms of nature and method. In this study, the Barroso and Sandelowski (2007) meta-synthesis strategy was used to collect data, and the Braun and Clark (2006) thematic analysis method was used to analyze the data. The references were screened using the meta-synthesis approach. Out of a total of 221 related papers published between 2010 and 2020, 76 were carefully reviewed. The researchers used the Kappa coefficient to evaluate the reliability of the findings, and the triangulation method to validate research findings.

After analyzing the findings by the thematic analysis method, 33 basic themes, nine organizing themes, and three comprehensive themes were identified and labeled as "social value creation", "technological synergy", and "social normalization". According to the results, special attention should be paid to factors such as social trust-building, network marketing, shared value creation, controlled risk, content-oriented interactions, social support, social and value communication with the customer, exchange of cognitive-emotional experiences, platform support, interactive content production, social sharing, reproduction of social capital, and development of social interactions to develop social commerce.

Examining past findings showed that various factors are involved in the success and development of social business. This study, with a comprehensive approach, could manage to investigate the factors affecting the creation and development of social commerce systematically and, in the meantime, provide a framework for the development of this field.

The aim of the current research is to provide a framework on the development of lean innovation in electronic businesses. The approach of the current research is qualitative, in terms of practical purpose and in terms of nature and exploratory method. The statistical population of the research consists of experts and activists in the field of E-businesses with more than five years of relevant work experience, which has reached the saturation stage with the snowball sampling method and the semi-structured interview tool in sample 13. In this study, the six-step thematic analysis of Brown and Clark (2006) was used for analysis. Thematic analysis of the data in this research led to the discovery and labeling of 64 concepts and propositions as primary themes, 10 concepts as organizing themes and four concepts as overarching themes. To develop lean innovation, e-businesses need special tools such as joint design, change and risk management, along with clarifying goals and team building, as well as protecting users' privacy and finally commercializing knowledge. In the meantime, choosing the right platforms, transparent and continuous evaluation, using new analytical techniques in monitoring the behavior of users and competitors, as well as focusing on fintechs as a new financial technology are also effective.

Nowadays, policymakers take advantage of various tools and strategies for sustainable development, one of which is the development of shopping tourism. Paying attention to strategic planning for empowerment and capacity building is vital when tourism development in various and inclusive forms is proposed. Accordingly, this study was conducted to provide a framework for the development of inclusive shopping tourism.Design/methodology/approach: This was a qualitative study, an applied one in terms of purpose, and a descriptive-analytical one in terms of nature and method. The study population consisted of three groups (tourists and pilgrims, experts and businesses, and managers and experts from executive organizations in Qom province). The sample was selected by purposeful sampling, and exploratory interviews with 26 people from the first group, 14 people from the second group, and 14 people from the third group continued until theoretical saturation was achieved.

In this study, the six-step thematic analysis procedure proposed by Braun and Clarke was used to code and analyze the findings. In this way, 143 propositions and concepts were labeled in the form of 16 basic themes, 4 organizing themes, and 2 global themes.

According to the results, there should be a kind of re-creation and multiple synergies between the factors and their main actors, i.e., developmental measures and stimulating requirements, to develop inclusive shopping tourism. In the meantime, the formation and re-creation of this type of synergy require the identification and explanation of the main actors of this field as an inclusive ecosystem, which in this study are referred to as content-structural factors and institutional-executive factors. According to their performance and executive mechanisms, these actors will significantly contribute to the development of sustainable inclusive shopping tourism.Originality/value: This research, by using various research tools and by identifying the main players and also explaining the nature of the shopping tourism environment, seeks to create a framework for the inclusive development of this field.

one of the most effective emerging tools to create value for customers and stakeholders is the use of strategic innovation; therefore, the main goal of this research is to provide a framework for forming strategic innovation in start-up businesses.The approach of the current qualitative research is descriptive-analytical in terms of its fundamental purpose and in terms of its nature and method. The participants of this research are experts and activists in the field of start-up businesses, as well as university professors who have published in the field of innovation, open innovation and strategic innovation, which has been saturated with 12 people using a targeted non-probability method and exploratory interview tool. . In this research, the data-base method with Glazer's approach was used for data coding and analysis.

In this research, after analyzing and coding the data using the Glyseri database method, finally 37 events were identified and labeled in eight concepts and four subcategories, as well as two main categories with titles such as "comprehensive innovative synergy" and "dynamic innovative actions". .The findings of the research show that the forming of strategic innovation in the field of start-up businesses is integrally dependent on the two categories of "scalable innovative measures" and "repeatable innovative synergy". Therefore, it can be expected that tools such as "joint Inclusive Innovation" and "Innovative Value network" will lead to "repeatable Innovative Synergy" and "strategic network interactions" and "Multiple Innovative Empowerment" will also facilitate the process of forming strategic innovation in start-up businesses.

The resistance economy, proposed by the Supreme Leader at the most possible critical time, is an intellectual concept for resilience, strengthening, crisis resolution, and the restoration of existing structures and institutions. The main purpose of this study is to provide a framework for explaining the antecedents and preconditions for the successful implementation of a resistance economy in the oil industry. The approach of the present research is qualitative, in terms of purpose is applied,   and in terms of nature and method is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population of the research consists of experts, managers, and specialists of the oil company, which has been theoretically saturated by using the available judgment method and interviewing 14 of them. In this research, content analysis has been used to analyze the findings, and agreement between the two coders and the kappa test have been used for their validity and reliability. Findings show that "facilitative empowerment" and "supportive capacity building" along with "co-creative interactions" in the form of "dynamic synergy" have led to "multiple resistance measures" that are effective in addressing the challenges of implementing a resilient economy and its successful implementation in the oil industry.

This study aimed to present the framework of rural cooperative development antecedents.

The approach of the present research is mixed, based on the applied purpose and exploratory in terms of data collection. The statistical population in both of qualitative and quantitative stages include experts in the field of agriculture and rural cooperatives, including managers and experts of rural cooperatives as well as managers and active members of rural cooperatives. The sampling method is purposive in qualitative stage and convenient in the quantitative stage. In the qualitative stage, semi-structured interview tools were used and the interviews continued until the theoretical saturation (26 people) was reached and theme analysis technique has also been used to analyze the data. In the quantitative stage, a questionnaire was used to collect data so that 40 questionnaires were distributed among the statistical sample and the weighted average technique was used to prioritize the topics.

Findings show that the development background of rural cooperatives can be classified into four general dimensions: individual-cognitive development, inclusive institutional development, multiple capacity building and endogenous synergy. As a result and based on the research findings, the most important preconditions for the development of rural cooperatives include thirteen components: psychological development, collaborative space development, performance management, empowerment, institutional-government development, awareness and education, financial support, infrastructure-technical capability, systems upgrading, marketing and sales, supply chain management, local development And knowledge of the interior and surroundings.

Previous studies mainly in the field of pathology of rural cooperatives.

While there are more than ten girls' unisex universities in Iran, the pathology of this type of university has not been studied yet. However, considering the valuable role and position of women in society and sensitivity to the performance of girls' unisex universities, identifying and removing obstacles to move towards the lofty goals that are important for this type of universities. This study seeks to assess the role of girls' unisex universities as a symbol of the Islamic University in the higher education system.

For this purpose, while reviewing the research literature, the upstream documents that dealt with this field were examined and the strategies and measures proposed in these documents were extracted. Also, in this study, in order to identify the main harms and strategies and factors affecting the effective measures of girls' unisex universities, in-depth exploratory interviews were conducted with 22 experts and experts in related fields.

After identifying and analyzing the propositions, they were labeled with the method of content analysis, which by examining and classifying them, 393 basic themes, 49 organizing themes and four comprehensive themes were labeled.

Research findings include harms and solutions in the fields of management, education, research-technology and culture-students.

In a competitive and complex global business environment and the inefficiency of traditional approaches, it is necessary for organizations that seek to gain reputation and competitive advantage and generally improve the performance of the organization, to adopt a new approach to dynamic adaptation to existing conditions. They need to go beyond market strategies and consider complementary strategies to deal with complex outside-market impacts and increase their legitimacy, performance, and ultimately competitive position. Non-market strategy complements market strategies and related tactics and influences market activities by managing economic, social, political and legal contexts. With this description, the present study seeks to identify and extract the drivers and components and consequences of non-market strategy. This research has a qualitative approach in terms of the purpose of applied research and in terms of nature and descriptive-analytical method and in terms of data collection. This study used a meta-combined method to collect data. As a result of screening articles related to non-market strategies between 2009 and 2021, 72 articles were identified based on the Kasp model and based on the coding process, three categories, 12 general dimensions and 44 The index is identified and labeled; Based on the systemic approach, the three main parts of propulsion form the component and consequence of the comprehensive model. The proposed model can increase important and practical insights for managers who seek value and improve economic performance; It also helps managers understand the nature of non-market competition and traditional competitive dynamics.

Natural attractions of wildlife, especially birds, should be considered as a good opportunity to develop the tourism industry, especially that by replacing the bird-hunting culture with bird-watching, we can help preserve and protect this natural asset. Therefore the purpose of this study is to identify challenges and solutions for the development of bird watching tourism in Iran. This research is applied in terms of purpose, descriptive in terms of data collection and qualitative in terms of approach. The statistical population includes experts in the field of bird tourism. The sampling method is the snowball method and 16 experts were interviewed and the data were examined by content analysis method. Experts believe that for the development of this industry, there are environmental, cultural, economic and welfare, management and advertising-marketing challenges. Also identified strategies are 1- empowerment strategies including culture building, continuing education, advertising and marketing, promotion of bird watching entrepreneurship, participation of indigenous people and effective management of tourism organizations and 2- capacity building strategies, including the provision of tourism infrastructure, facilitating the legal movement of foreign tourists, improving environmental conditions, sustainable security, targeted investment and enhancing hospitality capacity. Wildlife attraction is one of the natural attractions that has been neglected. This research showed to solve these challenges and develop bird watching tourism in Iran, multiple help is needed from the government, local institutions and the people.

One of the most important problems in the Iranian society is the tendency to consume foreign products. Neglecting the internal products and the prevalence of foreign products causes a vast irrecoverable damage to the economic structure of the country. In this situation, the effect of a boycott on buying foreign products is one of the alternatives for protecting the national economy. The purpose of this boycott is to preserve national wealth and prevent the outflow of currency. Consumer ethnicity is one of the important reasons for banning foreign products consumption. Religiosity affects consumers' willingness to boycott the purchase of certain foreign products, which can be due to consumer animosity. Consumer animosity is related to individuals’ negative feelings toward a specific country’s product. Consumer animosity bans the desire to buy products from foreign countries. It has attracted considerable attention in international marketing literature as a determinant for foreign product purchase behavior. The purpose of this paper is to develop a model to boycott foreign product considering the mediating role of consumer animosity.

This research is applied in terms of purpose and has been conducted using in-depth and semi-structured interviews and a questionnaire. At first, the thematic analysis technique was applied to design a model with a qualitative approach, and then the model was assessed using a quantitative approach. The statistical population of this study consisted of the citizens of Tehran, Qom and Sirjan. The data were collected using a semi-structured interview with 16 selected through the snowball sampling method. In the quantitative stage, the statistical population consisted of consumers who had boycotted foreign products at least for one time. At this stage, 396 people were selected according to Morgan table and the available sampling method. The data collection in the qualitative exploratory stage was done through interviews and in the quantitative stage through the researcher-made questionnaire. This questionnaire consisted of 48 questions on theoretical and experimental aspects of five common concepts related to the synergistic factor of sanctions. They included marketing mix with five questions, cultural factors with six questions, ethnicity with eight questions, country image with four questions and political factors with five questions and three common concepts related to the factor of consumer hostility, including religious factors with four questions, nationalism with six questions and normative influence with ten questions. The validity of the questionnaire was reviewed by five experts and faculty members. After the adjustments, the validity of the questionnaire was confirmed. Cronbach's alpha method was used to evaluate the reliability of the questionnaire. The Cronbach's alpha value was 0.946, which indicates the appropriateness of the reliability of the questionnaire. The quantitative part of modeling was assessed using structural equations via the Amos software.

The effective factors on boycotting buying foreign products are classified in eight concepts and two categories. The first category includes marketing mix, political factor, ethnocentrism, country image, and cultural factor which are classified in a boycott synergy category. It has a significant relationship with the boycott of foreign products. The second category consists of religious factor, nationalism, and normative influence which are classified into consumer animosity categories with significant relationships to the boycott of foreign products. The results show that the existence of the mediating variable "consumer animosity" intensifies the effect of "synergy of boycotts" on "boycotts on the purchase of foreign products". Therefore, by identifying and focusing on the tools that incite consumer animosity for foreign products, the consumption of foreign products reduces, which can encourage domestic consumers to buy domestic products. Meanwhile, by increasing the consumption of domestic products, we can expect to increase the production procedure, and thus create sustainable employment. If the ground is set for boycotting foreign products, and focus is placed on the strategy of consumer animosity, while encouraging producers to produce similar foreign products, the possibility of export development and consequently sustainable economic development increases.

There are many reasons for consumer boycott, such as environmental concerns, foreign policy or religious reasons. Based on the result of this research, however, the indirect effects of boycott synergy via consumer animosity lead to increased boycott of buying foreign products. Ethnocentrism affects the power of purchasing, and marketers need to generate stronger local connections between ethnocentrism and their products. Appropriate advertisements by government and domestic companies to support the domestic production can be effective. The government can persuade people to boycott foreign products by recalling foreign military conflicts and its consequences for Iranians (mass killing of people, destruction of the environment, etc.). Due to the influence of religious factors on the boycott of foreign products, it is recommended that the marketers of domestic companies provide the necessary information for the consumers that their products are Halal.

Despite the importance of home-based businesses as one of the most important key strategies for job creation in most countries, these types of businesses still face many obstacles and challenges, and empowering these businesses is essential to meet such challenges. Nevertheless, there is still a deep research gap in the field of challenges and factors affecting the empowerment of home businesses in studies in this field. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to provide a model for empowering home businesses under the auspices of Qom Construction Basij. The approach of the present research is qualitative, in terms of purpose, applied and in terms of nature and method, exploratory. The statistical population of this research consists of activists, specialists and experts in the field of home business, especially those who have written and researched in this field or are directly involved in home business. It reached the saturation stage with the 14th person. In this study, semi-structured interviews were used to collect data and content analysis was used to analyze the findings. The learning theme is labeled "dynamic multiple amplification". The results show that the most important tools for home business development include creating permanent markets, providing specialized and targeted training, having a business plan, forming specialized organizations and providing low-cost and easy facilities.

The reconstruction of ethical values has a very significant role in the efficiency of human resource management today. The present study is accordingly trying to present a framework for reconstructing ethical values in the workplace based on the spiritual teachings of Nahj al-Balagha.

The present study has a qualitative method. In terms of purpose, it is developmental, and it is a descriptive-analytical method in terms of nature. According to an in-depth analysis of the behavioral biography of Imam Ali (AS) and based on a comprehensive study of Nahj al-Balagha and narrative books that have explained the history of Imam's government and using Brown and Clarke (2006) six-step thematic analysis, the issues of the research have been extracted.

According to the thematic analysis, 158 concepts were labeled in the form of 26 codes as basic themes, four codes as organizing themes, and finally, two codes as comprehensive ones. The opinions of experts who have researched and written some papers in the fields related to Nahj al-Balagha and Islamic management were used to assess the validity of the findings, and the reliability of the research findings has been confirmed by the inter-coder agreement method.

The results indicate that it is needed to focus on redefining and perceived ethical co-creation and value-generating ethical measures to reconstruct moral values in the workplace. Co-creation of perceived ethical values is conducted through multiple capacity building and innate legitimacy, and value-generating moral measures are ethical tools and actions that re-create moral values in the workplace.

Nowadays, one business taken into much consideration is family businesses. Given that no more strategies and factors have been found for women to enter family businesses, we have decided to conduct a research to accelerate the entry of women into these businesses. The purpose of this study is to enter the field of private business. The present qualitative study is applied in terms of its purpose and exploratory in terms of its methodology. The statistical population is women, entrepreneurship researchers, and managers in the field of entrepreneurship as well as in family businesses. For the effective factors, it has used sixteen interviews, selected based on the snowball sampling method. The data-based method has helped analyzing these interviews. The findings show that identification of family identity and individual competencies are among the causal conditions for women to enter family businesses. We can also mention social support as ground conditions and family challenges as intervening ones, which are effective in women entering the family business. One of the strategies to accelerate the entry of women is to improve the infrastructure and empowerment of women.

According to the policies of the resistance economy, paying attention to the markets of the countries of the region is one of the most important tools to increase economic resilience. Meanwhile, the food industry, as one of the most important large manufacturing-economic industries in the country, should have a special look at the cause, why and how to decide to buy foreign customers. The aim of this study is to provide a model for successful entry into the Iraqi food market. The approach of the present study is quantitative and applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of this study consists of buyers of Iraqi stores and supermarkets. Sampling is available in this study and has been done among customers of stores and supermarkets located in Iraq and in the cities of Najaf and Karbala, Baghdad, Basra, Nasiriyah, Hillah and Kohl, according to the Cochran's formula, 384 Iraqi buyers have been selected. The data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire that is validated by experts and its reliability through Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 863 /. Confirmed. Structural equation modeling has been used to analyze the data. The results show that "market overlap", which includes "marketing, facilitation and psychological factors" alone, cannot affect the intention to buy Iraqi customers alone and must be "internalized culture" which acts as a mediating variable. And "religious factors and values and preferences" have been used to influence the purchase of Iraqi consumers.

The high rate of female students entering higher education has led policymakers to seek alternative strategies to attract this segment of society to the labor market; In the meantime, guiding these students to start-ups can be a good mechanism for job creation and sustainable development.

The approach of the present research is qualitative, in terms of the type of purpose, applied and in terms of nature and method, descriptive-analytical. The statistical population of this project consists of women entrepreneurs active in various fields of start-ups who have been selected by purposive sampling method. The data collection tool was exploratory interview that theoretical saturation was obtained through interviews with 18 participants.

The method of data analysis is content analysis, as a result of which 124 concepts were labeled in 36 primary codes, eight selection codes, four organizing codes and two comprehensive codes. Findings show that the successful entry of female students into the field of start-ups requires policymakers to pay attention to issues such as "multiple empowerment" with dimensions such as business culture, development of individual capabilities, purposeful learning and strengthening social interactions such as "building capacity". On the other hand, social normalization, business environment management and development of support resources.

It is suggested that the Ministry of Science, along with other institutions, implement mechanisms such as Dialogue Club, Development and Construction Center, Inclusive Thinkers Committee and Business Support Core to provide the ground for female students to enter the field of start-up businesses.

The purpose of this study is to provide a framework for explaining the preconditions for successful entry of entrepreneurs into the field of ecotourism. The approach of this qualitative research is in terms of applied purpose and in terms of nature and descriptive-analytical method. The statistical population of the study consists of experts and activists in the field of ecotourism with at least 2 years of experience, which has been obtained using Theoretical sampling method and exploratory interviews with 14 saturated people. In this study, Glaser- grounded theory was used to analyze the data, as a result of which 30 events were labeled in 4 concepts and 2 main categories. Findings show that in order for entrepreneurs to successfully enter the field of entrepreneurship, a kind of synergy must be created between empowering and capacity building factors through multiple interactions between motivating, facilitating, developing and grounding factors.

Given the diversity and limitations of resources, as well as the increasing complexity, dynamism, and changes in the business environment, the development of home-based businesses can be considered as one of the most effective strategies for governments to create jobs, generate wealth, and fight poverty. However, the development of home-based businesses is currently facing many obstacles and challenges, which has made it necessary to identify the main actors and the relationships between them. Given the importance of home-based business development and the role of this type of business in sustainable development, the ultimate goal of this study is to provide a framework for identifying and explaining the strategic antecedents of home-based business development. Therefore, the main question of the research is what factors and actors play a role in the success of home-based businesses and what are the relationships between these factors and what are the appropriate strategies for the development of these types of businesses and finally what is the appropriate framework for home-based business development.

The approach of the present research is qualitative, in terms of purpose is applied and in terms of nature and method is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population of the study is composed of activists, specialists, and experts in the field of home-based business, especially those who have written and researched in this field. Using the snowball sampling method, selected samples were identified and data were saturated in the interview with the 13th person. In this study, semi-structured interviews were used to collect data, and Brown's and Clark's (2006) six-step content analysis was used for analysis. To check the validity of the research tool, the interviews were carefully recorded and after coding, some qualified experts who had the necessary capability and competence were asked to re-examine and comment on the constructed concepts, and finally, the interviews were re-coded by a person familiar with the research literature. To calculate the reliability of the interviews, the method of calculating the agreement between the two coders has been used. Also in this study, to validate the research findings, the first four interviews were randomly given to a colleague and he/she was asked to encode the text. Kappa coefficient was then used for the reliability of the findings. The value of the kappa coefficient obtained (0.860) indicates that there is a high agreement between browsers and is approved by experts in terms of the quality of the calculated indicators.

The analysis of the findings based on the content analysis, finally, 35 codes were labeled as primary contents, four codes as organizing contents, and two codes as comprehensive contents. The results of data content analysis show that the strategic antecedents of home-based business development can be classified into two categories, whose dynamic interaction with each other can lead to a kind of common synergy. The first category called “predisposing” and has an exogenous nature and facilitating role, is under the control of the environment and home-based businesses must manage and control these factors by adopting active measures and strategies. The second category, which is called "empowerment", has an internal nature and is controlled by companies, and is a motivating factor. This factor in its structure creates the necessary bedrock and motivation for the success of home-based businesses. The interaction of empowering and predisposing factors requires a strong and effective flow that can simultaneously connect these elements to create effective shocks in home-based businesses. In this study, the connection and co-creation of these two factors are defined as "common synergy". Given the complexity, dynamism, and ongoing mobility of the home-based business environment, "common synergy" also requires other interactive flows that can build innovation and trust within home-based businesses; in this study, the term "dynamic capacity building" has been used for interactive flows, which includes "social capital" and "open innovation".

The results show that for the development of home-based businesses, both internal and external factors must be emphasized simultaneously, which means common synergy. External factors, in turn, are tools and strategies that provide the right conditions and contexts to facilitate the development of home-based businesses that include creating permanent markets for home products, access to distribution channels and target markets, improving the business environment, legal protection of home-based businesses, elimination of cumbersome administrative rules and regulations, and decentralization of the decision-making process and greater delegation of authority to local institutions, the use of social networks and media, and the development of e-commerce. internal factors are also empowering tools, motivators, and incentives for the development of home-based businesses, in this regard, provided various, continuous, and professional training, market type and segmentation, attention to branding, competitive pricing training, familiarity with different marketing methods, especially media marketing and Social networks, the development of risk-taking, work commitment and job independence can be mentioned. In addition to common synergy, multiple interactions between actors that foster innovation and creativity, and factors that build trust and lasting relationships, lead to dynamic capacity building and, consequently, the development of home-based businesses. Meanwhile, one of the interactive tools for home-based business development is a focus on innovation, especially open innovation, which focuses on technology purchasing and patenting, take licensing and common ventures, give licensing and licensing purchases, and the creation of common ventures. Meanwhile, social capital also plays an important role in the capacity building and development of home-based businesses. Social capital, by creating interactive and continuous relationships with trust based on a common vision, causes a kind of culturalization in the field of knowledge exchange and sharing, and in addition to flexing the boundaries of enterprises, facilitates the flow of knowledge entry and exit. In this regard, developing social justice, creating a common vision and insight, as well as creating networked relationships between home-based businesses can provide the basis for the reproduction of social capital in this type of business and thus the development of home-based businesses.

Today, women work as hard as men to meet social needs in the business world, but the implicitly masculine work environment of companies has made it very difficult to achieve social goals. In this regard, moving towards social entrepreneurship can be the best tool for equal competition. The main purpose of the present study is to conceptualize the successful entry of entrepreneurial women into the field of social entrepreneurship. The approach of this research is qualitative and is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of nature and method. The statistical population of this study consists of experts, managers and experts in the fields related to social entrepreneurship, especially women entrepreneurship with 5 years of useful work experience, which has been achieved by possible snowball method and through interviews with 14 theoretical saturation. Data analysis method according to the research strategy is thematic analysis, as a result of which 56 initial indices, 37 selection codes, 7 sub-themes and 3 main themes were tagged. The results show that the successful entry of women entrepreneurs into the field of social entrepreneurship should pay attention to the factors of "multiple empowerment" and "dynamic capacity building" because these measures create "social value" through "protectors", "social norms" and "Social Synergy".

Researches show that many diseases have a nutritional origin and naturally produced foods are more beneficial to health. For this reason, attention to organic food products is on the rise. Since many businesses are engaged in organic food products, the main objective of this research is to provide a framework for successful performance of SMEs in organic food products. The present research is qualitative, applied and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection. The statistical population consists of experts in the field of small and medium enterprises in the field of organic food products. The statistical sample of this research was selected by non-probabilistic and purposeful method and based on the theoretical saturation rule, 13 people were interviewed. Thematic analysis method has been used to analyze the data. Based on the results, the factors affecting the successful entry and empowerment of SMEs in the field of organic food products include internal capabilities, customer motivating factors, facilitating factors and interactive capabilities. Finally, it is recommended that organic food businesses with regard to the characteristics of this industry and its market, increase their ability in three other dimensions of the research model include improving the company's internal capabilities in the field of physical resources and human skills, increasing customer trust in organic products and increasing the company's interactions with the environment, especially through institutional networking.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the impact of entrepreneurial orientation on new product performance with the role of ambidextrous marketing in knowledge based companies. The research method was applied in terms of nature and descriptive - correlational in terms of implementation. The statistical population of the research consisted of all knowledge-based companies of Isfahan province with 345 companies. 180 companies were selected using Cochran formula and simple random sampling. The research tools Questionnaire. Data analysis was done by factor analysis using SPSS and AMOS statistical software. The results showed that the direct impact Given the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and new product performance, the more knowledge-based companies step in to improve key entrepreneurial indicators, the more potential they have to institutionalize their work and achievements. So these entrepreneurial activities will be an opportunity for marketing ambiguity and a solution for the balance between exploration and exploitation to improve new product performance.

This applied study aimed at providing a framework to identify preconditions for successful entry of rural women into the field of entrepreneurship. It was conducted in a descriptive-survey method and the required data were collected through library studies and a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population consisted of those women, from the villages with more than 1,000 populations in North Khorasan province of Iran, who were selected in a non-probabilistic sampling method; and among them, 383 people were selected as the sample, according to Morgan's table. In this research, structural equations were used for data analysis and Friedman test was used for ranking indicators. The findings suggested that the successful entry of rural women into the field of entrepreneurship required an "entrepreneurial capacity- building" through the creation of "rural micro-funds, facilitation of employment loans, online sales of products, permanent supply exhibitions of products, formation of Cooperative for Rural Women Entrepreneurs, guaranteed purchase of the products, Association of Rural Women Entrepreneurs Rural Creativity and Innovation Centers.

The present research seeks to investigate, identify and explain the impact of mortmain properties or waqf on government size in the economy. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the application of this role while employing the Descriptive-Survey Method. The text of the interviews and the background of the research was analyzed using the Theme Analysis Method. Furthermore, the questionnaire and the investigation of the role of social entrepreneurship as a mediator variable, was assessed by the use of structural equations and the Amos Software. The statistical community is made up of experts in the field of economics and management. In this study, the sample size for the interview was 18 people and the number of samples for the questionnaire, based on the application of purposeful sampling, was 62 people. The Cronbach alpha deduced was 0.812, which indicates that the reliability of the questionnaire was appropriate. The research findings show, in order to minimize government through waqf, social factors including "educational factors" and "cultural factors", and process factors including "developmental factors" and " health factors", should be considered as waqf accelerators. In addition, the role waqf plays, as a mediator variable, in social entrepreneurship which leads to the minimization of the government, should be emphasized.

Today, the increasing complexity, uncertainty, and environmental problems have shifted the strategic goals of many firms from “trying to be profitable” to “trying to be resilient”. Meanwhile, natural disasters, epidemics, terrorist attacks, recessions, equipment, failures, human errors, and global trade conditions have imposed particular challenges on start-ups. In order to become actively adaptive to pervasive crises, this study seeks to provide a model for creating dynamic resilience in start-ups in the face of the Corona crisis. The present study is qualitative in terms of strategy, fundamental in terms of aim, and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature and methodology. In this research, the meta-synthesis method has been used to screen the resources, and the topic-related articles published between 2010 and 2020 have been reviewed. After analyzing the research findings using Glaser’s grounded theory, 85 cases were labeled in 17 concepts, 5 sub-categories and 2 main categories. The findings show that “multiple capacity building” through “sustainable empowerment”, “open innovation”, and “synergy” along with tools such as “Web 2.0” and “interactive strategies” as well as “shared value creation” by involving “social capital” and “pervasive adaptation” will strengthen the resilience of start-ups in the face of pervasive environmental crises such as the Corona virus.