مقالات رزومه مهدی مشکی میاوقی

Due to emotional factors, optimism, limited rationality, time limitation, judgment and social factors, management shows various behavioral biases that can have long-term negative effects on investors and the company. From the point of view of shareholders, tax avoidance is not only justifiable but also desirable. On the other hand, in order to achieve the economic development of the country, the government must be able to finance its current expenses from tax revenues. Meanwhile, previous research shows that due to reasons such as tax avoidance and tax evasion, tax revenues constitute a small percentage of the country's income sources. This makes studies related to tax avoidance and the factors affecting it more important. Based on this, the main purpose of this study is to Investigating the effect of optimism, myopia and overconfidence behavioral biases on tax avoidance.The statistical population of the research includes the companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. Accordingly, by applying some conditions and constraints, 95 companies (950 observations) were selected from the statistical population over the period 2013-2022 and the relationships between the research variables were analyzed using static panel data and logistic regression method. The results of the hypothesis test show that overconfidence and management myopia variables have a direct and significant relationship with the dependent variable of tax avoidance while optimism variable has the opposite effect on this variable.

The Ranking Of Financial Assets For Investment Decision Making Is One Of The Most Important Stages For Portfolio Formation.Different And Different Methods Are Used To Perform Ranking. In This Research, A New Integrated Method Is Used For Ranking Which Investors Using It Can Determine Their Specific Goals By Considering The Return, Risk And Profit. This Research Is Based On Two Main Goals: First, Ranking Portfolios Based On The Grey Relational Analysis And The Second Method Is Compared To Classic Methods, Which Are Named Fundamental Methods In This Research.

To Implement The Research Topic, 11 Weight And Investment Strategies Were Defined For The Method Of Grey Relational Analysis And 3 Strategies For Basic Methods.The Study Population Includes Companies Listed In Tehran Stock Exchange And The Sample Consisted Of Five Top Industries At The Beginning Of The Study Including Investment, Chemical, Iron And Steel Industries, Banks And Oil Products And Products.In These Five Industries With The Conditions That Were Considered In The Study, 160 Companies Were Selected As The Sample And To Examine The Hypotheses, Mann - Whitney U Test Was Used To Compare The Results Of Grey Analysis Method With The Basic Method Of Data Envelopment Analysis.

In General, The Results Of The Study Show That The Grey Relational Algorithm Is A More Efficient Method Than The Baseline Method When The Goal Of Investing In The Best Part Is The Grey Relational Algorithm (2020), As Well As Hamza cebiza Abi And Pekkaya (2011)

The purpose is to provide a model of financial resilience of the hotel industry in crisis in Iran. This research was conducted using the mixed method research of exploratory type. In the qualitative section, the grounded theory method, based on Strauss and Corbin's paradigm model, was used. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with hotel experts and continued until theoretical saturation based on the snowball technique. From 982 key phrases obtained from the interviews, 86 concepts and 18 main categories were obtained. The qualitative evaluation of the model was carried out and confirmed according to the opinion of Strauss and Corbin in all dimensions. In the quantitative evaluation of the model, structural equation modeling and SmartPLS software were used. All significant numbers were greater than 1.96 and standard coefficients were greater than 0.4 and the model was approved. Considering that the data fitting criterion was 0.603, the fit of the final model was confirmed. The most important findings of the research were identified in the field of financial resilience strategies of the hotel industry in crisis conditions, strengthening of human resources, strengthening of inter-institutional cooperation, tourism industry marketing, optimal financing and innovation. The most important findings of the research were identified in the field of financial resilience strategies of the hotel industry in crisis conditions, including: strengthening of human resources, strengthening of inter-institutional cooperation, tourism industry marketing, optimal financing and innovation.

This research was done with the aim of investigating the impact of growth opportunity, profitability and financial crisis on the value of companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. Based on this, sample information including 138 companies in the 10-year period between 1391 and 1400 was examined and analyzed in line with the research objectives. In this research, company value was considered as a dependent variable and growth opportunity, profitability and financial crisis as independent variables. The analysis of the research hypotheses was done using the combined regression method and panel data regression by Eviuz econometrics software. The results of the hypothesis analysis showed that at the confidence level of 95%, the growth opportunity has a positive and significant effect on the value of the company, therefore, with the increase of the growth opportunity, the value of the company will increase. Profitability has a positive and significant effect on the value of the company, so with the increase in profitability, the value of the company will increase. The financial crisis has a negative and significant effect on the value of the company, therefore, with the increase of the financial crisis, the value of the company will decrease.

The existence of debt contracts and market monitoring on companies with higher financial leverage, as well as the funds used to repay debts and pay dividends, will cause relative decrease in the demand for conservatism and adjust the relationship between conservatism and excess cash. Therefore, the main goal of the current research is to investigate the relationship between excess cash and conditional conservatism with emphasis on the moderating role of net cash returned to debtholders and equityholders. To achieve the purpose of the research, a statistical sample including 140 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange (980 firm-year) during the years 2015 to 2021 has been selected. Combined data analysis and generalized least squares regression were used to test the research hypotheses.The results show that excess cash has a direct and significant relationship with conservatism. Also, the results show the moderating effect of funds paid to Equityholders on the positive relationship between excess cash and conservatism. In other words, the direct effect of excess cash on conservatism in companies that pay more cash to Equityholders is less compared to other companies. But the findings do not confirm the variable role of funds paid to debtholders on the relationship between excess cash and conservatism.

The present study offers a new interpretation of the Generalized Integral Transform Technique as a powerful numerical method called the Integral Transform method. This method transforms models of nonlinear partial differential equations into a nonlinear system paired with ordinary differential equations to be solved numerically. On the other hand, in the present study, not only pricing is discussed, but also model calibration, which is a critical process, is designed to minimize the difference between the observed prices and the model prices. In order to implement the proposed model, the present study has used the call option data offered in the Tehran Stock Exchange and as a sample, has used the call option information of SAIPA Company shares for the maturity of June 2022. First, the Conditional Probability Distribution Function for different initial values of the underlying asset was obtained by coding in Python environment, and then the model was calibrated at different maturities. The results showed that the model calibration based on the Dove Swarm Optimization algorithm is suitable for options that are in a state of At-the-Money or In-the-Money in all maturity scenarios and are in Out-of-the-Money state in the midterm and long term scenarios. Furthermore, calibration based on the ant colony optimization algorithm can be used for options that are in an Out-of-the-Money state in the short-term scenario.

In recent years, financial resilience has become significantly more important due to Existing crises, especially the Covid-19 pandemic. The purpose of this paper is to model the concept of financial resilience of the hotel industry in Gilan. In this study, using a qualitative method of grounded theory and through a semi-structured interview technique with 25 experts in the hotel industry, via theoretical sampling method, the conceptual model of financial resilience of the hotel industry is designed in crisis. In this research, 2027 primary codes are extracted and finally classified into 111 concepts, 43 sub-categories and 18 main categories. This model is in the six dimensions of the central phenomenon (revenue management, cost management, risk organization), causal conditions (political structure of the country, tourism industry infrastructure, macroeconomy), strategies (strengthening human resourse, strengthening inter-institutional cooperation, tourism industry marketing, Optimal financing, modern technology), contextual conditions (legal contexts, cultural and social considerations, geographical location and climate of the country), intervention conditions (environmental protection) and consequences (sustainable development of the country, strengthening the capacity of the tourism industry in the face with the crisis, the development of the tourism industry in the country) was presented. The results provide useful information for hotel industry players to survive in crisis, as well as policy makers and government supervisers to develop relevant regulations

The purpose of this research is to compare the calibration of options pricing models based on Stochastic Volatility and the Generalized Integral Transformation Technique. For this purpose, the Generalized Integral Transformation Technique based on fixed Volatility and Heston model based on Stochastic Volatility were used for pricing call options. In order to implement the proposed models, This research has used the call option data offered in the Tehran Stock Exchange. The results showed that in the state of In-the-Money and At-the-Money, the Heston-based calibration works better than the Generalized Integral Transformation Technique in all maturity scenarios. In the case of Out-of-the-Money, although the calibration of the Heston model performs poorly in the short-term scenario, but as the time to maturity increases, the calibration of the Heston model has responded better than the Integral Transformation Technique in the mid-term and long-term scenario. Therefore, it is suggested that in order to develop the educational infrastructure and culturalization of options, the Department of New Financial Instruments of Tehran Stock Exchange Company can consider the model presented in this manuscript to calculate the key parameters of option contracts in different scenarios, And in this way, a more accurate valuation of option contracts can be obtained.

The value that is created by auditing financial statements is due to the auditor's judgment and in general is due to the set of professional judgments that are done within the framework of accounting and auditing standards. In the recent years many researchers have turned their attention to the issue of auditors' professional judgment,This attention underscores the importance of professional judgment. Therefore, identifying the factors that affect professional judgment can be of great help to independent auditors. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting the adjustments of financial statements with the approach of auditing judgment complexity and its level of importance. To test the hypotheses, the information of 84 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange in the period between 1391-1397 has been used. The results showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between auditor size, auditor experience, board independence, institutional ownership, ownership focus and the complexity of audit judgment. There is also a positive and significant relationship between the dual role of the CEO and the complexity of audit judgment. But no significant relationship was found between time budget pressure and the complexity of audit judgment. Further the results indicate that the level of importance of the relationship between the size of the auditor, reinforces the duality of the CEO's task with the complexity of the audit judgment. But the level of importance of the relationship between the auditor's experience undermines board independence with the complexity of audit judgment.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the auditor's features and the opinion shopping in companies admitted to Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). In this research, auditor's switch, audit fees, abnormal audit fees, auditor's tenure, auditor's specialty and auditor's reputation are examined as auditor's features, and their relationship with the opinion shopping has been tested. The statistical population of the study was the companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange. With systematic elimination, 120 companies were selected as the statistical sample. According to the tests and analyzes used by the logistic regression model to test the effect of independent variables on opinion shopping, during the years 1380 to 1395 at 95% confidence level, the results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the auditor's switch and the opinion shopping, and there is a negative and significant relationship between auditor's reputation and the opinion shopping, and there was no significant relationship between the other independent variables and the opinion shopping.

The aim of the current research is to study the impact of excess cash holding on liquidity risk regarding to the stock trading indexes, and based on management and investment approach of liu (2006) theoretical framework that respectively includes twelve-month liquidity risk and beta liquidity risk. In this research, multiple regression and ordinary least square method have been used for testing hypotheses. The research sample includes the 130 companies which listed in Tehran stock exchange, and the period of study includes seven years from the 2011 to 2017. Results show that excess cash holding has significant and negative impact on twelve-month and beta liquidity risk, which the impact of excess cash holding on twelve-month liquidity risk is more than beta liquidity risk. Moreover, regarding to the stock trading indexes, excess cash holding leads to reducing liquidity risks, which the level of decreases in beta liquidity risk is more than twelve-month liquidity risk. Overall, holding excess cash by companies due to reducing liquidity risks, however, regarding to the stock trading indexes, the results show more decrease in beta liquidity risk based on investment approach, therefore, this study can deeply represent excess cash holding reduce the market liquidity effect on the liquidity risk.

Relative compliance of employers' financial reports with current accounting standards approved by the auditor; It is called audit quality in the sense that there is no significant error. Auditors express their views on the continuity of the activity and the... Contained in the company's financial statements. Because the speed of information perception is one of the main components of qualitative characteristics related to information content; It is important to measure the speed of understanding information. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to test the effect of information speed on the quality of auditing. To achieve the research goal, the data of 87 sample companies were collected over an 8-year period from 2011 to 2018 and analyzed by descriptive-correlation analysis with multiple regression tests. To measure the audit quality of Kotari model et al. (2005) and the Di Franco et al. (2011) model was used to measure the speed of information perception. The results showed that the speed of understanding information on audit quality has a negative and significant relationship.

The present study seeks to provide a model for the ethical foundations of accounting training and the willingness of shareholders based on the Confucius model. This research was conducted as a combination of qualitative and quantitative research. The statistical population of the small stage of research of master's and doctoral students in accounting, financial management and economics of public and free universities in Tehran, Mazandaran and Gilan provinces, who are also shareholders, is considered to be at least 300 people. Simple random sampling and the appropriate sample size of Morgan's table of about 169 people were considered as statistical samples, but about 300 questionnaires were distributed and a total of 250 questionnaires were collected. In general, Smart-PLS software was used to analyze the observations. The results showed that by examining the research model, it can be stated that ethical skills do not affect the shareholder value perspective, individual moral foundations do not affect shareholder value perspective and binding ethical bases do not affect shareholder value perspective. But there are other relationships between the dimensions

Empirical researches show that firm executives usually use discretionary accruals to earnings management, in such a way that it maximizes their bonus. On the other hand, these results show effects of the monitoring process on reducing earnings management. But, past researches has no response to the fundamental question how managers learn earnings management methods and how they adjust their actions against monitoring approaches? It is expected that this behavior is achieved implicitly and over time, which is called tacit knowledge. This research is aimed to investigate the effects of tacit knowledge on earnings management behavior at different levels of monitoring. This research is a positive and experimental research (using controlled environment). In the experiment plan, monitoring is conducted through internal audit. For this purpose, a scenario is designed for what should be experimented. The research results show that monitoring has a decreasing effect on the probability of earnings management for people with higher tacit knowledge; however, it has no significant effect on the probability of earnings management for people with less tacit knowledge.

The globalization, technological evolutions, and the transition towards a knowledge economy increase the usefulness of non-fi nancial information in judging firm value in addition to fi nancial information .Since non-financial information leads to proprietary costs, it is important for fi rms to gauge the benefi ts and costs of disclosure. The purpose of the present study is to test empirically the importance of voluntary disclosure of non-financial information on audit quality. To achieve the purpose of the study, data of 87 sample companies were collected over an 8-year period from 2011 to 2018 and analyzed by descriptive-correlational analysis using multiple regression analysis. To measure audit quality, the Kutari et al. (2005) model was used to measure voluntary disclosure of non-financial information by content analysis method. The results showed that voluntary disclosure of retrospective non-financial information had a significant relationship with audit quality, but voluntary disclosure of retrospective non-financial information did not have a significant relationship with audit quality.

The importance of cash in financial literature and decision-making realm has always made it the focus of attention of financial institutions and users of financial statements. Moreover, the issue of social responsibility and its impact on corporates’ financial and social performance has been one of the major issues in accounting and financial research for so long. Also, the relationship between these two variables cannot be studied meticulously without considering the function of other factors such as systematic risk or corporate governance factor. To this end, the main objective of the current study is to investigate the relationship between social responsibility and cash holdings with an emphasis on the mediating role of systematic risk factors and corporate governance. The required data for this study were gathered based on a systematic removal sampling method and the resulting statistical sample consisting of 118 companies between the years 2011 and 2016. To test the hypotheses, multivariate regression analysis and compositional data analysis method were conducted using the econometric software Eviews. The results show that systematic risk and corporate governance have a mediating role on the relationship between social responsibility and cash holdings; in fact, systematic risk weakens this relationship, but corporate governance strengthens it.

The Tacit knowledge is personal knowledge and skills unspeakable. This knowledge as the main body of organizational knowledge plays a key role in the success of organizations it is also an important stimulus to creativity and innovation. It is expected that managers in organizations when making important decisions, were in under the influence of their tacit knowledge and if they are placed under monitoring, reduce your opportunistic behaviors, therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of CEO's tacit knowledge on his interest in earnings management through Accrual-Based As well as reviewing the monitoring role of some of the audit committee's Characteristics on this relationship. Research data has been tested based on an example of a 550 Firm-year from 2013 to 2017. To analyze the research data, a multivariate regression model has been used. Findings of the research show that the tacit knowledge of CEO earnings management based on accruals has a positive and significant effect. But Contrary to the expectations of the researchers, financial expertise and independence of the Audit Committee have a significant impact on the relationship between tacit knowledge and accruals-based earnings management. Based on the results obtained, part of accruals-based earnings management of tacit knowledge of the CEO. But it seems that due to the weakness of the control environment in Iranian companies and the limited history of the audit committee, there is no accurate monitoring of the behavior of managers and this leads to the loss of other stakeholder's rights.

As societies transition from the industrial age to the information age, the importance of intangible assets has increased in the business world. The wave of companies moving to invest in intangible assets and the formation, encouragement, and inclination to create knowledge-based and technology-driven corporations have been indicative of changing business models, strategies, and moves toward a developed economy. However, accounting standards for intangible assets appear to have been neglected, resisting the shift to alignment with economic change. The purpose of this research is to design a model based on the views of key users for reporting intangible assets. This research is a qualitative research using a grounded theory approach. The statistical population consisted of auditors, official justice experts, bank creditors, managers of investment firms and managers of knowledge-based corporations, using a purposive sampling approach in total of 15 individuals selected as research participants.  Data were collected by interview and semi-structured and then, using content analysis, the main themes were identified and their network was drawn using NVIVO software. The categories of causal, strategic, and consequential were introduced, and financial reporting was identified as an intervening variable, "useful decision making information"a component that could be seen in all categories. It was useful to know how to make decisions about intangible assets. The title of the pivotal category was introduced.

Considering the important function of elements such as cash holdings and social responsibility in the realm of accounting studies, the study of factors affecting the relationship between them is important. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is investigating the moderating role of systematic risk and corporate governance on the relationship between social responsibility and cash holding.

In order to reach the objectives of the study, 118 firms accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange between the years 2012 and 2017 have been selected, and based on compositional data analysis method, the hypotheses of the study have been tested.

Based on the results of statistical tests, it has been found that systematic risk has been able to affect and increase the impact of social responsibility on the cash holdings; however, the moderating role of corporate governance on the relationship between social responsibility and cash holding was verified at 90% confidence level.

In order to protect stakeholders’ rights, companies that care about their duties of social responsibility need to hold more cash.Accordingly, the increase in systematic risk increases the need to take extra cash.It also seems that corporate governance reduces the need for cash holdings in companies, andthis way it is the best strategy for companies interested in investing in social issues.

Investigating the moderating effect of corporate governance, along with systematic risk factor, can have information content in examining the effect of social responsibility on cash holding.