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According to the law on the protection and exploitation of forests and pastures, any exploitation of natural resources by natural or legal persons must be done with the approval and permission of the country's natural resources and watershed management organization. Issuing grazing and grazing permits is one of the most important permits in the natural resources sector, which has its own implementation process. The evidence shows that there are various issues and problems in the process of issuing this license, and it is necessary to conduct a pathological scientific investigation to improve and correct the said process. The aim of the current research is to identify and categorize the existing damages in the process of issuing and renewing livestock grazing permits in pastures. 

This research is qualitative in nature and the technique of interviewing with focus groups has been used, in this research 96 beneficiaries and 31 experts from 6 provinces of Kerman, Isfahan, Hamadan, Kurdistan, Mazandaran and Semnan were purposefully selected and their opinions about the process and issues of livestock grazing licensing were analyzed using questionnaires and interviews, and the results were collected and analyzed using the content analysis technique.  

The results of this survey led to the identification and confirmation of 30 types of damage and problems in the process of issuing and renewing livestock grazing licenses in the form of three main categories (systemic, legal, and structural-executive), which in the branch of systemic problems, the component of multiple systems and the lack of a system integrated and intelligent, in the branch of legal obstacles, the component of time-consuming investigation of legal violations of applicants for grazing license renewal, division of grazing license among the children after the death of the owner of the grazing license, and in the branch of structural problems, the component of the weakness of monitoring and monitoring systems, lack of update of livestock and pasture statistical information , the low motivation of audit experts of natural resources departments and the lack of provincial credits have played the biggest role in the process of issuing grazing permits. Based on the results of this study, the issuing process in the investigated provinces takes 15 steps and 73 days, and the process of renewing the license is done in 8 days. 

In a general formulation and based on the findings and considering the problems that were stated before, in order to improve the process of issuing and renewing the Kera license, there is a need to take measures, for this purpose, it is necessary to create an integrated system, optimize the notification system, and automatically renew. Grazing license should be prioritized for responsible livestock farmers, updating information on livestock, pastures and determining the exact boundary of pastures and correcting or removing disturbing rules and instructions.

In this study, two methods of opening the pistachio shell (ice and mechanical methods) and natural opening at two storage temperatures (10°C and 25°C) and six months storage for Ouhadi pistachio cultivar, were compared in terms of peroxide index, acid number and sensory proprties. The results showed that the rate of changes in peroxide index during six months of storage varied from 2 to 3 mEq / kg, the changes in acid rate ranged from 0.51 to 0.85 mg / g and the moisture content of the samples varied from 4.36 % to 6.23 %. The highest amount of acidity (0.85 mg / g) and peroxide index (3.1 mEq /kg) in open shell samples was observed in the ice openenig method and storage tempreture of 25° C. The lowest acidity (0.51 mg / g) and peroxide index (2 mEq / kg) was observed in mechanical method opening and storage tempreture of 10 ° C. However, with the increasing of the storage time, peroxide index and acidity were incresed but the peroxide index at the end of storage in all treatments was found lower than the recommended safe limit (5 mEq /kg). The highest percentage (92%) and rate of shell opening (6.4 mm) were obtained by mechanical method. The percentage of pistachios that were crushed by the mechanical method was 2% and 3% higher than that in other two methods, respectively. According to the panel judges, the mechanical method was more desirable than the other two treatments with 86.5% of total acceptability. According to the significant effect of the appearance and chemical properties on the acceptability of the pistachio, it was concluded that the mechanical shell opening method was more acceptable method for artificially shell opening than the other methods.

According to the law on the protection and exploitation of forests and pastures, any exploitation of natural resources by individuals or legal persons must be done with the approval and permission of the country's natural resources and watershed management organization. Issuing a license to exploit medicinal plants is one of the most critical natural resource licenses. It has an implementation process. The evidence shows that there are various issues with issuing this license. It is necessary to conduct a scientific investigation to improve and correct the mentioned process. The upcoming research analyzes the licensing process for medicinal plants in the field of natural resources.

The current research is qualitative and applied. In order to identify the current status of the sadro process and the license to exploit medicinal plants, the qualitative research method of the focus group has been used. This research selected 64 users and 30 experts from 6 provinces. Their points of view were collected and analyzed using content analysis.

The results showed that, in total, there are 23 harms in the process of exporting the exploitation of medicinal plants, which are the multiplicity of systems and the lack of an integrated and intelligent system, the lack of a common platform for the implementation of processes in the provinces, the physicality of performing a large part of the processes, unauthorized harvesting and No product license from the plantations, lack of specialized manpower for monitoring, handing over the right of exploitation to non-native people, neglect of some observers in declaring and including the actual amount of production and harvesting of medicinal plants, the small financial and economic power of the operators to prepare the plan booklet, the largest share in the pathology of the licensing process. Also, the results showed that the average time required to obtain a license with a design booklet is 16 months. Without a design booklet, it takes 67 days. This time to get a license to transport the product inside the province was estimated to be 17 days on average and 23 days outside the province.

Issuing a license to harvest medicinal plants is one of the most critical licenses in the country's natural resources sector, which has its implementation process. There are various issues and problems in issuing this license, leading to problems and dissatisfaction among the users and, ultimately, damage to the rangelands. Therefore, taking measures to improve affairs and reform this process is a fundamental issue that needs to be investigated and proposed a solution. Based on the findings of this investigation, the creation of an integrated electronic system, continuous and regular field monitoring through intrusive intrusions at the various stages of medicinal plant exploitation, especially in the harvesting phase, with the cooperation of the engineering system organization, the priority of the exploitation contract with natives and local communities, and improving the motivation for public sector experts can be effective in enhancing the process.

Due to the importance of medicinal plants and their derivatives in the health of human societies and their high economic potential as a source of reliable income, in the present study, the production of medicinal plants (yarrow, rosemary, damask rose, and marigold) was evaluated in a field of 90 ha in Kerman city. The study was conducted in 2022 and the data was collected by documentary method. To calculate the current income and costs of the project, the mean income and costs of the mentioned plants were considered. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, the indicators of net present value, internal rate of return and payback period of capital were used. According to the results, the total investment costs of the project was calculated as 98.43 billion Rials, the net present value at a discount rate of 18% was 169.638 billion Rials, and the internal rate of return on investment was 74.64%. Also, the capital return period will be 2.41 years normally and with a discount rate of 18%, it will be equivalent to 2.73 years. In total, the results showed that the production of medicinal plants in the study area is economical. Therefore, by proposing extension planning for continuous training of farmers in increasing the productivity of these plants, considering their profitability, planning for the construction of processing units for the mentioned crops in the region is recommended.

To investigate the broad-sense heritability of some Haloxylon traits, an experimental design was performed using native populations collected from different provinces of Iran. 32 native populations were planted based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in Shaheed Zendeh Ruh's research station in Kerman. During three years, seven traits including main stem length, collar diameter, number of tillers, sub-stem length1, sub-stem length2, the small and large diameter of the canopy on shrubs were examined. The data were assessed by simple and combined analysis of variance. For all traits, the difference between the mean of genotypes and years was significant (p < %1). The genotype× year interaction effect was significant for all other traits except the number of tillers, which indicates different effects of genotypes in different years. Heritability of traits was estimated based on simple and combined analysis of variances. The amount of heritability was ranged from 75 to 87% for simple analysis and 51 to 64% for combined analysis, which indicates a decrease in heritability in a combined analysis. This is due to the genotypes by the year interactions effects. In both methods, the main stem length and number of tillers had the highest and lowest broad-sense heritability and coefficients of genetic and phenotypic variation, respectively. Due to the high genetic diversity among the studied Haloxylon genotypes, it will be possible to select the best rootstocks for making windbreaks in desertification projects.

In order to investigate genetic variation between existing cultivars and populations of alfalfa (Medicago sativa), twelve accessions were randomly selected from Natural Resources Gene Bank, and several studies were carried out on them. Seed storage protein electrophoresis was performed on the accessions using SDS-PAGE technique. Based on the results of this study, the protein bands were fairly similar. However, there was a remarkable difference between the accessions based on the two distinct bands. Cluster analysis was also performed on the cultivars and accessions. The accessions with a distinct different band in electrophoresis gel located in a common group in cluster analysis. Over ally, classification based on cluster analysis showed a similar trend to the electrophoresis gel.

To investigate genetic variation between lucern (M Sativa) germplasm, 25 cultivars of the species were studied in a randomized coplete block design in three replications in 1996. Fourteen characters were recorded on the plants of each plot. Regarding analysis of variance, significant differences were found between the cultivars at 5% and 1% levels of probability. In other words, the cultivars were different for the studied characters except for the lenght of main stem of first cut, the lateral stem length of first cut, dry matter yield of first cut, the main stem diameter, growth type and the main stem length of second cut. Regarding dry matter yeild of first and second cut, Bami was the best cultivar. This cultivar also located in a distinct class based on the Duncan classification method. UPGMA cluster analysis divided the cultivars into six groups by cophenetic coefficient of 84%. The cultivars Bami (20319) and 2421 each located in a separate group. Although cluster analysis based on the significant characters divided the cultivars into five groups, the results were similar to the previous classification, so that the cultivar number 20319 (Bami) located in a separate group. Cophenetic coefficient was 82% in this analysis, implying a good fitness of the clustering method.