فهرست مطالب a abedi

The global population growth and the subsequent surge in housing demand have inevitably led to an increase in the demand for concrete, and consequently, cement. This has posed environmental challenges, as cement factories are significant contributors to carbon dioxide emissions. One promising solution is to incorporate pozzolanic materials into concrete production. This study investigates the effects of using travertine sludge as a partial substitute for cement. Seven different mix designs, along with a control mix, were created and compared. The primary variable was the ratio of travertine sludge to cement weight, considered in intervals of 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, and 40% of the cement's weight. Various tests were conducted, including compressive strength and flexural strength at ages of 7, 28, and 90 days, as well as a permeability test at 28 days. The findings revealed interesting patterns. At the 7-day mark, as the percentage of travertine sludge increased, there was a decrease in compressive strength. However, by the 28-day mark, the concrete displayed a varied behavior: using up to 30% travertine sludge by weight reduced the strength, but exceeding 30% resulted in increased strength. At the 90-day mark, an overall increase in strength was observed with the rise in travertine sludge percentage. Such pozzolanic effects on compressive strength were somewhat predictable. Additionally, based on the flexural strength tests, travertine sludge can be deemed a viable substitute for a certain percentage of cement by weight. This research underscores the potential of sustainable alternatives in the construction industry, promoting both professional development and personal branding for those engaged in eco-friendly practices.

Surface-piercing propellers (SPP) are known as one of the most efficient propellers in marine sciences and maritime industries. In this study, different types of simulations were performed on an SPP in various rotational speeds in open water conditions, and a numerical study was also carried out on a particular type of such propellers. In fact the main purpose of this paper is comparing the simulation results with the experimental results from past in order to derive a trustable soultion for future works. For this purpose, the surface-piercing propeller was simulated by OpenFoam software (an open source software with high range of capabilities)  in order to analyze the results. The performance curve was then plotted and compared with the ones from open water tests. In this case the turbulance model of K-Epsilon RNG was used which is capable of increasing Y+ to 300 which is monitored at the end of the simulation with the maximum amount of 315 and the average of 80.  Results showed that the curves followed the same pattern and trends in the numerical study, and the report pointed to similar findings. In conclusion, it was proved that the sliding mesh method was a proper way for simulating propellers, particularly SPPs. The curves for thrust and torque coefficients of the SPP were also compared with the literature and the efficiency curve was plotted.

Due to their mistakes while learning, students with specific learning disorders continually show signs of stress and, compared to normal students, more emotional problems and lower self-confidence. This makes the discovery of the most appropriate forms of psychological interventions aiming to reduce these students' emotional problems even more essential. The present research intends to study the effectiveness of psychological interventions in reducing emotional problems in students with specific learning disorders. By taking a meta-analysis approach, this research has endeavored to integrate the results obtained by various other studies. The sample size for meta-analysis consisted of 25 studies which were selected as methodologically acceptable from among 35 studies. Meta-analysis checklists were used. The research used in this meta-analysis have been based on 807 samples and 25 size effects. The results obtained from the meta-analysis show the size effect of psychological interventions upon reducing the emotional problems of students with specific learning disorders to be d=1.222 (p≤ 0.001) quite effective according to Cohen’s table. According to the findings, the study conducted by Ghazi Asgar et al. (2009) entitled “The Effect of Immune Training against Stress on the Anxiety and Mathematical Performance of Schoolgirls Incapable of Learning Mathematics” enjoyed the highest effect size (1.81), while the research conducted by Bigdeli et al. (2017) entitled “The Effectiveness of Using Games in Mathematical Problem Solving on Internal Incentives toward Problem Solving in Students with Disorders in Learning Mathematics” showed the lowest effect size (0.61). The results indicate that, considering the effectiveness of psychological interventions in reducing emotional problems in students with specific learning disorders, it is recommended that interventions with larger effect sizes be put to use.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the common infectious and pathogenic agents, and some of its genotypes have the ability to cause malignant changes in the surface of mucous cells. By examining the prevalence of HPV in atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) Pap smear according to the risk factors, we can make a more correct decision in choosing the evaluation method and directing the patient to report the ASCUS lesion. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the types of human papillomavirus (HPV) in patients with ASCUS Pap smear.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 patients with ASCUS pap smear results and HPV test referred to the colposcopy clinic of Babol Ayatollah Rouhani Hospital during the last two years. Demographic information, history of obstetrics, history of OCP use, history of STD disease and high-risk behaviors, cervical treatments, HPV typing, Pap smear, colposcopy and cervical biopsy results were recorded and analyzed.

The mean age of the patients was 33.83±8.09 years, and ASCUS pap smear showed 129 cases (64.5%) of high-risk papillomavirus, 16 cases (0.8%) of low-risk papillomavirus and 55 cases (27.5%) of both types. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 was in 18 cases (0.9%), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1 in 10 cases (0.5%) and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 in 2 cases (0.1%). 17.1% of high-risk viruses caused cervical neoplasm. None of the low-risk viruses led to neoplasms and all of them were inflammatory. In both high-risk and low-risk cases, 14.5% neoplasm was seen. However, the relationship between the type of papillomavirus and the incidence of neoplasm was significant (p=0.058).

Based on the results of this study, the ASCUS pap smear needs more detailed investigation such as colposcopy and cervical biopsy under the supervision of experts because it is associated with the high-risk HPV virus in many cases.

The velocity of the fluid in every location of the water jacket has a direct relation with the rate of heat transfer. Approximately one-third of fuel heat release in an IC engine is lost to the environment by coolant flow. So, it is necessary to determine the velocity of coolant according to the rate of heat transfer. The water jacket of an engine has complex and non-transparent geometry and it is impossible to measure velocity in each location. In this paper, the velocity of coolant is measured in a transparent water-jacket of the EF7 engine with the PIV method. A volumetric flow rate of coolant is determined according to engine speed that two engine speeds considered in this research. In the PIV method with the dispersion of special submerged particles in coolant on a transparent water jacket and shining of the laser beam to particles, it is possible to track them. Then, with image processing, velocity vectors are carried out with the toolbox of the Matlab program. Extraction of results of the can is used for the study of fluid behavior. Besides experimental work, simulation with Fluent software was done for comparison between results.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between wisdom and spiritual attitude in life and happiness and marital satisfaction among women in Isfahan. Research methods is correlation and regression. The study population are 2014-2015 all women living in Isfahan. Cluster sampling is random. The Isfahan Municipality has prepared a list of 15 areas and was selected at random from each region, two streets and two lanes were selected randomly and questionnaires according to the conditions of entry and exit of the married women were conducted. Research tool in this study, is Oxford Happiness Questionnaire and Enrich marital satisfaction questionnaire and wisdom and spiritual attitudes.  data were analyzed on two levels. At the level of descriptive and inferential statistics including means and standard deviations spss with stepwise regression analysis and entry is measured. The hypothesis of wisdom, spiritual attitude and happiness and marital satisfaction in women is related.  Results indicate that the relationship between happiness and wisdom with marital satisfaction  is positive. In the first hypothesis that between wisdom and spiritual attitude in women there is a significant correlation, statistical analysis showed a significant positive correlation coefficient (05 / 0p <).And in the second, third and fourth sub-hypothesis that there is a significant relationship between wisdom and happiness and the wisdom and marital satisfaction there is a significant relation and between spirituality and happiness in women's attitudes are positively correlated and significant. The fifth hypothesis between spiritual attitude and marital satisfaction in women's that this hypothesis has been rejected and no significant relationship and finally in the last hypothesis, between happiness and marital satisfaction, there is a significant relationship is a significant relationship. According to the statistical results, it can be concluded that the wisdom, spiritual attitude in life and happiness and life satisfaction marital is realated.

Various studies have shown that stress is one of the environmental factors affecting the symptoms of patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on perceived stress in patients with ulcerative colitis.

This study was a quasi-experimental study with pretest and posttest design and control group. 32 patients with ulcerative colitis were selected by voluntary sampling and randomly divided into two groups. Data from 17 patients (9 experimental and 8 controls) were analyzed finally. Data were collected using the perceived stress scale 10-item (Cohen, 1983) in two stages of pretest and posttest. The experimental group underwent a mindfulness-based cognitive therapy program in 10 sessions of 2-hours per week. For data analysis, Mann-Whitney U analysis was used.

The findings showed that the effect of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on positive dimension of stress was significant (P<0.05, Z= -1.976), but not significant on the negative dimension (P>0.05, Z= -1.976).

Mindfulness based therapy can help UC patients reduce cognitive distortions involved in the perception of stress by changing their assessment of events, so that they can manage stressful events better by increasing their effective coping abilities with disease.

This study aimed at investigating the effects of intraperitoneal (IP) administration of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) on testicular ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in rats. In total, 50 adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups. Group 1 received no injection (control); however, group 2 was subjected to 2 h of I and 24 h of R. Subsequently, group 3 was subjected to 2 h of 1, and after 1 h of I, 125 mg/kg MgSO4 was injected intraperitoneally followed by 24 h of R. Groups 4 and 5 were subjected to the same process as group 3, whereas the rats were injected with 250 and 500 mg/kg of MgSO4, respectively. After 24 h, the left testes of all rats were removed for histological analysis and antioxidant activities. According to the results, there was a significant increase in tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) among I/R rats (P<0.05), whereas MgSO4 decreased I/R-induced MDA (P<0.05). Furthermore, experimental I/R diminished glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels significantly (P<0.05). Moreover, MgSO4 (250 and 500 mg/kg) increased GPx and SOD activity significantly in I/R rats (P<0.05). Furthermore, seminiferous tubules degenerated, and few spermatocytes were observed in the testis tubules of the I/R rats. Regarding pathological parameters, seminiferous tubules and spermatocyte were normal in the testes of MgSO4 (250 and 500 mg/kg)-treated experimental I/R-induced rats. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the beneficial effects of MgSO4 on testicular IR injury in rats.

In this research, a new algorithm is proposed to automatically extract the effective parameters on the radial velocity curves of the binary stars systems using the Wilson-Devnney (WD) 2007 code. In this regard, a binary star which has the proximity effect and its parameters are also announced by astronomers, is selected as the sample system. To avoid scattering of data and also to have more data point, the radial velocity curve of the sample binary stars is first made using the WD code. Then, the code output data is introduced to the proposed MATLAB algorithm to find the effective parameters on the radial velocity curve, including the eccentricity e, the product of a semi-major axis and orbital inclination asini, center of mass radial velocity VCM, the longitude of periastron ω, And surface parameters of stars such as surface potentials Ω, temperatures T, albude A, gravitational darkening coefficients g, and limb darkening coefficients x. After testing the algorithm on the sample binary stars system, the proposed algorithm is also exploited to analyze the radial velocity data of some other binary stars such as U Peg, AB And, and BD+422782. Comparison between the results obtained from the proposed approach and the results reported by other astronomers demonstrates the ability of the proposed approach in extracting the parameters effective on the radial velocity curves.

Changes in lifestyles and consequently food patterns and consumption of ready to eat and fried foods have increased probability of Chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) occurrence, and many studies have illustrated relation between -survived salt, total fat, saturated fatty acids, and trans fatty acids contents of industrial and guilt fried products in Iran.

 In this survey, 69 samples including 18 samples of industrial fried products (potato chips, shoestring Potato, fried onion, and fried garlic) and 51 guild fried products (potato chips,  string potatoes, fried onion, and fried garlic) were prepared from different parts of country. According to case, the amount of salt, total fat, saturated fatty acids, and trans fatty acids was determined, and their conformities with national standards investigated.

 The mean of total fat for industrial and guilt potato chips was 42% w/w, and measured for strip potato, shoestring potato, industrial and guilt fried onion 17, 34, and 47% w/w, respectively. Among 69 samples, only 5.47% did not have conformity with national standard about total saturated fatty acids in oily phase. The total trans fatty acids in oily phase of all samples was matched within maximum level which has specified for industrial and guild frying oil in national standard.
 

Due to the high level of fat content in all type of potato chips and fried onion, it can be suggested to use reducing oil absorption methods, and revise relevant national standards. The other notable point is the highest specified maximum level of total saturated fatty acids for industrial and guild frying oil (maximum 45% w/w).

Gamma irradiation has been shown as an effective technology to decrease or eliminate microbial contamination in raw and cooked meat products. However, irradiation-induced physicochemical changes are important to accept the technology by meat industries and consumers. The objective of this study was to assess effects of gamma irradiation (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 kGy) on nitrite residue, lipid oxidation, total volatile nitrogen and color in two heated meat products (sausages) during refrigerated storage at 4 ºC for 28 days.

Two groups of emulsion meat products with various proportions of meat (40 and 65%) were irradiated at 2, 4, 6 and 8 kGy doses. Residual nitrite and TVN tests were carried out on Weeks 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28. The color test was carried out using the Hunter Lab system on Weeks 0 and 4 of storage.

Radiation at 8 kGy doses resulted in a significant decrease in nitrite in both groups (P < 0.05). The TVN value in radiated samples was significantly lower than that in non-irradiated samples (controls). Furthermore, high-dose radiation (doses of 6 and 8 kGy) in the two food products significantly decreased the red index (a-value) and significantly increased the TBA value (P <0.05).

Based on the results from chemical properties of the radiated products, irradiation is suggested at 2 and 4 kGy doses as appropriate doses.

The objective of this study was to examine the current situation of objectives, content, teaching strategies and assessment of the ESP curriculum of education disciplines and its distance to the desired situation.  This descriptive survey was done in Iran and data were collected with a researcher made questionnaire.  The validity of the questionnaire was approved by five English language and education experts.  The statistical population included graduates of four University of Iran.  248 students were selected as a sample through Cohen table.  The data were analyzed through SPSS software using one sample t-test, paired t- test, multivariate F test and Friedman test. The results showed that the current situation of objectives, content, teaching strategies and assessment of education disciplines was not satisfied and there was a significant difference between the current situation and the desired situation of objectives, content, teaching strategies and assessment of the ESP curriculum of education disciplines. At the end, an appropriate strategy was suggested according to the terms of Iran to achieve the desired situation of objectives, content, teaching strategies and assessment of the ESP curriculum.

The main aim of this research has been to help with the improvement of the quality of education through an improvement in textbooks used. Given the orientation of the post-revolutionary Iranian government and its centralized system of education, the 2nd and 3rd year high school textbooks on religion and life were selected to be content analysed in terms of their correspondence to the national curriculum. The instrument used was constructed based on the indices drawn from the national curriculum. Data analyses revealed that the 2nd and 3rd year high school textbooks on religion and life are written based on the general themes of cognitive, affective, and behavioral dimensions as indicated by the national curriculum. Conceptually, the two textbooks cover a total of 709 concepts of which 313 are covered in the 2nd year textbook and the remaining 396 in the 3rd year textbook. However, conceptual attention is mostly given to the cognitive dimension with the frequency of 425. The least attended dimension is the affective with a frequency of only 87. It can be concluded that the authors have favored the cognitive dimension at the expense of the other two

Nowadays, consumption of meat products such as sausages has been increased. Studies have shown that meat products can contain heavy metals like lead and cadmium. Therefore, a measurement of toxic heavy metals in sausages is necessary. The purpose of this study was to measure the lead, cadmium, iron and zinc levels in sausages presented in the retail markets of Tehran.

Six types of sausages (German, Koktel, Hot dog, Lioner or Martadella, Dry and Ham) supplied in the chain stores and some of supermarkets in ten districts of Tehran were tested for determination of lead, cadmium, iron and zinc levels. The samples were prepared by wet digestion method and were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.

The lead content of the tested products was 48.78 ppb. The amount of lead in German sausage was significantly higher than in other products. The amount of cadmium in all samples was 5.6 ppb. The level of iron and zinc was 18.10 and 14.65 ppm, respectively. Zinc content in dry sausages and ham was higher than in other products.

The amount of lead and cadmium in all the tested products was lower than the limit specified by the Codex. Considering the amount of consumption of meat products in Tehran, the amount of lead and cadmium intake was 9.24 and 1.05 µg/week, respectively, which is much less than that recommended by JECFA

Many items are needed for dressing including sterile dressing set, antiseptic and washing solutions, leucoplast tape, waste bin for infectious garbage, waste bin for noninfectious garbage, safe disposal trash for sharp cutting instruments, bedpan and sometimes drugs. All the items are laid out on a simple wheeled trolley. The multiplicity of items together with problems in placing tools on trolley, forgetting some items, disturbing sterile condition, falling and damaging equipment and the need for at least two people for each procedure, all are the reasons to design and develop Automatic Trolley for Washing and Dressing the Wounds.
Material and To develop a mobile unit which meets our needs for dressing, the trolley patents registered in America and different companies were evaluated as well as the materials and methods used while dressing were considered.
Automatic Trolley for Washing and Dressing the Wounds was designed and developed. It comprises the followings: drawer, waste bin for infectious garbage, waste bin for noninfectious garbage, shelves for serum and betadine solution, serum stand, peristaltic pump, flexible tube for connecting serum, a place for bedpan, foot pedal for serum flow, two eye-sensor chambers for solution betadine and scrub, an auxiliary work surface.
Due to the usual requirements for dressing, we have designed an equipped mobile unit which covers all the objectives of dressing and increases the speed of procedure. Moreover, due to the contrived equipment on the trolley, procedures are done quickly and second person is not required to assist. Automatic Trolley for Washing and Dressing the Wounds is made up of stainless steel which could be mass housing and commercializing which would play a deserving role in improving the fundamentals of health care and wound treatment.

The presents study aims at comparing the social skills aspects (cooperation, expression, empathy, self-control) of the students at public and without bag school. Research method was a causal -comparative method. The participants of the present study consist of the fourth and fifth grade students of public and bag school at elementary schools of Isfahan. For the purpose of this study seventy-one students of bag at schools as well as 86 students of the third and four grade of Isfahan primary schools were chosen in a multistage random cluster sampling. Gresham and Elliott (1990) questionnaire of social skills was used. The collected data were analyzed using ANOVA statistical method.Findings of the study showed that there is a meaningful difference in the social skills of the bag at schools and public schools students. There is a significant difference between these two groups with respect to expression and self- control. The results didn't show a significant difference between cooperation and empathy. The findings also demonstrate that there is not a significance gender difference between social skills of students in bag at schools and in public schools.

This study examined the effect of a cognitive- behavioral multifaceted intervention on academic motivation among middle school female students of Isfahan.Statistical population was students who were in middle school girls in Isfahan.The samples consist of 54 students of third year in 1391-92 academic years who were selected through cluster random sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. (27 experimental group and 27 controls). Martin (2008), multifaceted intervention program, was conducted on experiment group. Research tool was the Valrand Academic Motivation Scale (1990). Collected data was analyzed by analysis of Multivariate covariance (Mancova). Results showed that the multifaceted interventions to cognitive - behavioral Martin is effective on academic intrinsic of motivation intrinsic school female students in Isfahan. Multifaceted interventions to cognitive - behavioral Martin is effective on academic motivation extrinsic school female students in Isfahan.

The meta-anaylsis investigated the effectiveness of psychological interventions on the rate of test anxiety. To this purpose, 28 authorized researches were selected and meta-analysis was performed on them, using Rosenthal and Robin method. The resereach instrument was a checklist of meta-analysis. The amount of effect of psychological interventions in reduction of test anxiety was 0.70 (P<0/01). Matching the results with Cohen's showed that the effect of psychological interventions was high in reducing test anxiety.

Intake of dietary sodium has been linked to hypertension and consequently increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Therefore public health and regulatory authorities are recommending reducing dietary intake of sodium to 2.4 g (6 g salt) per day. Processed meat products comprise one of the major sources of sodium in the form of sodium chloride (salt). Salt has an essential function in meat products in terms of flavour, texture and shelf-life. This article reviews some of the technological aspects of reduced salt meat products and how the meat and food ingredient industries are responding to this current health issue. The present review paper was prepared by the use of electronic search by key words of salt reduction, meat products and salt substitutes between ISI articles about strategies for salt reduction in meat products. Selection of papers was based on time of report and their relevance to the aim of this review. Salt imparts a number of functional properties in meat products: it activates proteins to increase hydration and water-binding capacity it increases the binding properties of proteins to improve texture it increases the viscosity of meat batters, facilitating the incorporation of fat to form stable batters it is essential for flavour and is a bacteriostatic. Apart from lowering the level of salt added to products there are a number of approaches to reduce the sodium content in processed foods including the use of salt substitutes, in particular, potassium chloride (KCl) in combination with masking agents, the use of flavour enhancers and finally optimizing the physical form of salt. The ultimate goal of public health and regulatory authorities is to reduce the sodium content in processed foods, especially meet products that consumers can enjoy as part of an ongoing healthier diet and lifestyle. With the food industry working together with the regularity authorities and consumer groups, the aim of reduced salt in the diet can be achieved if a cooperative approach is established and a full understanding of the technological problems associated with salt reduction is realized.

Nursing students are often exposed to verbal abuse and/or physical assaults from patients and patients’ families during the course of their training. Although، past studies have explored violence against nurses، a little attention has been paid by researchers to workplace violence against nursing students. The aim of this study is to identify and explore influencing factors on workplace violence in nursing students during their training programs.

In this descriptive study، 271 nursing students completed a reliable and valid questionnaire. Participants were working in teaching hospital affiliated to Arak University.

In total، 74. 9% and 7. 38% of the respondents stated that they had been verbally abused and physically assaulted during their training program in the previous 12-months period، respectively. Most of physical attacks were happened by patients whereas most verbal abuses by patients’ families. There were no statistically significant differences between sex and different years in violence.

Nursing students are often exposed to violence during the course of their training programs. Nursing students require training on how to prevent and respond to workplace violence، and this important topic should be incorporated into the nursing student's curriculum.