a rabiei

The development of public transportation is considered a vital issue in reducing traffic as well as urban pollution. City buses play an important role in the city transportation system. In Iran, due to the high average age of city buses, it is necessary to replace the old buses with new ones, To replace the old buses, diesel and CNG, hybrid, and electric buses are proposed as the main alternatives. Global warming and the energy crisis are now considered as two potential serious threats for the world. Therefore, energy consumption and CO2 emissions are examined as two outstanding criteria for comparing candidate buses in this paper. To make an accurate comparison, the amount of energy consumption and CO2 emissions have been calculated based on the well-to-wheel approach. The electric bus well-to-wheel analysis has been done for both electricity generation mix and renewable generation. To perform more accurate calculations and simulations, as a case study, a real driving cycle has been constructed for Tehran. For this approach, a modified micro trip method as a novel solution is presented to synthesize the driving cycle. The results show that due to the high share of fossil power plants (about 92%) in Iran, the use of electric buses in the bus fleet may not have much effect on reducing energy and CO2 eq emissions. By using renewable power plants, the amount of well-to-wheel energy consumption and CO2 emissions decrease significantly (about 56% and 93%, respectively) compared to that for the generation mix.

Today, social capital has attracted the attention of many political, cultural, social, and economic intellectuals since its promotion leads to the elevation of various developmental indicators in societies. Like other social doctrines, as should be pointed, the promotion of social capital, too, requires proper infrastructure and conditions where interactions and communications are made among individuals. In other words, since social capital is mainly based on communications, it will become meaningless once communications are lacking among people. That’s the reason, social networks, these days, as an all-encompassing medium, play a key role in providing an appropriate condition for developing effective interpersonal communications. The current study, as such, intends to address the main question: How can social networks promote social capital? To respond to this, first, different aspects of social capital and social networks are examined in order to provide a model. The study employs an integrated method and using a theme analysis of data obtained from various interviews with experts, the most important aspects of social capital and social networks are identified, and finally, using structural modeling and the MICMAC analysis, a model is presented. Based on the results, it is concluded that through conversations as well as news and information obtained on social networks, the greatest impact can be made on social trust and social norms to promote social capital.

In this paper, a dynamic model is provided to obtain the waveform of the unbalanced magnetic force in the wound rotor induction machines with static eccentricity. The provided dynamic model is based on the voltage state-space equations of the coupled circuits in the eccentric induction machine. In the model the slotting effect and saturation is neglected and the slot ampere turn is distributed on the slot opening. To avoid computation of the air gap flux density and evade of magnetic pressure integration in each time-step of Runge-Kutta computations and consequently reducing the computation time of dynamic simulations, a static function of the stator and rotor windings’ currents are proposed for computation of the unbalanced magnetic force. The parameter of the proposed function is obtained by analyzing the air gap field density by using winding function theory. Finally, the waveform of the unbalanced magnetic force of the eccentric induction machine is obtained and verified by time-stepping finite elemnt analysis.

The importance of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), has dramatically risen mainly due to the overuse of broad-spectrum insecticides, which has resulted in increased selection for pesticide resistance, destruction of natural enemies, and pest resurgence. These issues accompanied by increasing insecticide residue on crops have created an urgent need for more sustainable strategies for P. xylostella management. The present study examined the efficacy of extracts from different parts of the jimsonweed, Datura stramonium L., as larvicide and oviposition deterrent on P. xylostella larvae and adults, respectively. Bioassays revealed higher toxicity (LC50 and LC90) of flower (82.3 and 1,475.4 mg L-1), seed (146.8 and 4,828.7 mg L-1) and root (165.3 and 3,493.8 mg L-1) extracts of D. stramonium compared with leaf (526.6 and 29,352.1 mg L-1) and stem (841.4 and 136,248.1 mg L-1) extracts. In addition, flower extract showed the greatest toxicity between the extracts based on LC50 dose ratio (0.561, 0.498, 0.156 and 0.098) and LC90 dose ratio (0.306, 0.422, 0.050 and 0.011) when compared with seed, root, leaf and stem extract, respectively. Furthermore, oviposition deterrence tests using sublethal doses exhibited that the highest oviposition inhibition was provoked by flower extract of D. stramonium (63.0%) compared with root (46.0%), seed (43.8%), stem (33.7%), and leaf (28.3%) extracts. Results indicated that jimsonweed extracts could be used as an effective pesticide and oviposition deterrent against P. xylostella. Possibilities for application of D. stramonium extracts in pest management and for developing a botanical insecticide or an oviposition deterrent in context of sustainable pest management are discussed.

Congenital hypothyroidism is one of the most preventable causes of mental retardation. Worldwide, incidences vary from 1:3000 to 1:4000 and mean incidence in Iran is estimated to be 1:1000. Neonatal screening and early treatment within first 2 weeks of neonatal period can prevent neurocognitive deficits. We aimed to study the incidence of CH and increased levels of TSH in Yazd province and collect data describing the disease status and designing first and second levels of preventive interventions.

This descriptive analytic study was performed by census cross sectional method on 13022 neonates in Yazd province in 2006-2007(March 2006- March 2007) including 6495 females and 6527 males. Sampling was done (within the first 3-5 days of life) by lancet sticking of neonatal heel. After transfer of 3 blood drops over filter papers, the TSH level was measured. If the TSH level was equal or higher than 5 mu/l, additional confirmation tests were done. Neonates were diagnosed according to serum confirmation test (TSH10 mu/l or T4<6.5g/dl) and underwent treatment according to national guidelines. Data was analyzed by SPSS software.

Total number of patients was 45, including 25 males (55.5%) and 20 females (44.5%). Prevalence in males, females and overall was consecutively, 1:261, 1:325 and 1:289, but this difference was not statistically significant. Prevalence in urban and rural areas was 1:315 and 1:216, but the difference was statistically not significant. The prevalence during spring, summer, autumn& winter was 1:95, 1:250, 1:1934 and 1:369, respectively, that was statistically significant. Mean age at sampling was 7.2 days, mean TSH level 2.3 mu/l and mean age of mothers was 25.8 years.

Incidence of CH and transient increased levels of TSH in Yazd province is significantly higher than national and worldwide levels that necessitate the constancy and reinforcement of neonatal screening program. On the other hand, complementary studies for recognizing relevant factors, particularly iodine deficiency are one of the priorities of health system research in Yazd.

Considering the influence of geographical, genetic and ethnic factors on the prevalence of thyroid pathological lesions, this study was performed to assess the prevalence of pathological lesions in thyroid autopsic samples obtained from adult cadavers of Isfahan Forensic Medical Center.

In this study, 202 thyroid glands from cadavers with no evidence of thyroid diseases, removed during autopsies at Isfahan Forensic Medicine Center, were analyzed. After gross studies, thyroid glands were fixed in 5% formalin for 72 hrs, and then 3-6 sections were obtaind from each gland. Tissue sections were microscopically studied by two pathologists for histopathological lesions.

Among 202 thyroid glands (removed from 159 males and 43 famales), 131(64.85%) were histopathologically normal, and goiter (nodular, and diffuse), Hashimoto's thyroiditis, lymphocytic thyroiditis, follicular adenoma and papillary carcinoma were observed in 41 (20.3%), 10 (4.95%), 12 (5.94%), 2 (1.49%) and 12 (5.94%) of the thyroid glands, respectively. Twenty-six glands (12.23%) had nodules sized ≤ 1cm, which included 7 cases of occult papillary carcinoma (papillary micro carcinoma) and the prevalence was significantly different by sex (P<0.05).

Clinically-normal thyroid glands may contain major pathological lesions when they are microscopically studied. Considering the high prevalence of thyroid malignancy and occult carcinoma in Isfahan County compared to other parts of the world, more attention should be paid even to the minor findings during clinical examination of thyroid gland.

Financial Markets will offer facilities to investors and helps to receive the growth path that we need. Tehran Stock Exchange (T.S.E) market was developed in recent years to help investors and give rise to resources for this purpose. Stock market most obtain stockholders satisfaction to guarantee fortune it depends stocks rate of return. Clear information will help stock holders receive this aim. This paper evaluates how expected Earning Per Share (E.P.S) benefits stockholders with applying T.S.E data during 1379-1379.