فهرست مطالب a. akbari

Detergents are one of the most widely used chemicals in the daily life of humans. Their entry into the environment, especially water, can increase the COD of water and cause serious problems for living organisms. There are different methods to reduce COD. The electrocoagulation process as an electrochemical method is a suitable solution to reduce COD. In this study, the effect of electrocoagulation to reduce COD caused by laundry detergent has been surveyed. Process voltage, the number of electrodes, along with coagulation time as key parameters were investigated as influential parameters. The results showed that the 2-electrode mode reduced COD by 70% in 40 minutes at a voltage of 15 volts. This value was the most optimal energy consumption in terms of process time and the amount of reducing the pollution index.

In this study, computational fluid dynamics simulation of liquid-liquid extraction of zinc was performed using trifluoroacetylacetone as a solvent in the hollow fiber membrane contactor. Mass and momentum balance equations (Navier-Stokes) were used to express the transport of zinc solutes through the membrane contactor. After applying the conditions, the governing equations were simulated using the finite element method. After validating the results, simulation was performed to study the distribution of zinc concentration in two-dimensional and three-dimensional form, as well as to investigate the effect of different parameters such as distribution coefficient and current intensity on the extraction efficiency. The results showed that by increasing the partition coefficient from 1 to 10, the amount of single-pass extraction increased from 10 to 100 percent. Also, the extraction efficiency in the counter-current flow of pipe and shell is 9% higher than in the co-current flow. Furthermore, this study showed that computational fluid dynamics could be used as an effective tool for the development of membrane-based extraction processes.

Fennel is a cross-pollinating plant and one of the most important medicinal plants of the Apiaceae family, whose essential oil is widely used in various pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries. Fennel originated from the Mediterranean region and is a biennial or perennial species. Fennel essential oil has been demonstrated to have antioxidant, anti-cancer, antibacterial, antifungal, and analgesic effects. Improving yield is one of the important goals of breeding, and the use of heterosis as one of the powerful tools to improve yield has always been of interest to breeders. This study was conducted to evaluate seed yield and yield components of three synthetic cultivars of fennel and compere with eight parental populations.

To investigate the yield, yield components, and the degree of heterosis of important traits of breeding fennel cultivars, three synthetic cultivars along with eight superior parents were investigated in the form of a randomized complete block design. The experiment was conducted in the spring of 2019 in the research field of the College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, located in Pakdasht. During the growing period and after harvest the traits such as no. umbel, number of nodes, no. umbellets per umbel, no. seed per umbel, harvest index,  seed yield per plant, plant biomass, 1000 seed weight, essential oil content, essential oil yield, and seed yield were measured in the 50% flowering stage. Analysis of variances was done and a comparison of means was performed by Duncan٬s multiple range at a five percent probability level. Heterosis, Heritability of traits, and some genetic parameters of the traits in fennel genotypes were calculated. To determine the genetic distance and grouping of genotypes, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis were performed. All analyses were carried out using the SAS and Statgraphics software.

Based on the results of the analysis of variance, the differences between the studied genotypes were significant for all traits. Medium and late synthetic cultivars had significantly higher seed yield and essential oil yield than other genotypes and their yield heterosis rate was positive compared to the average of parents and was 39% and 38%, respectively. Evaluation of heterosis rate showed that cultivars Synthetics were superior to parents in most traits. General heritability for different traits was estimated to be between 34% and 93%. In this study, the phenotypic variation coefficients of all traits were higher than the genetic variation coefficients, which indicated the existence of environmental factors for these traits The results showed that principal components that the first four components account for more than 90% of the total variance changes. Based on the cluster, genotypes were divided into four groups. It could be expected that these synthetic cultivars can be introduced and expanded in the market of medicinal plants after being registered as commercial cultivars.

In general, the results of this study indicated that the mean squares of the parents against synthetic cultivars were significant for most of the traits, indicating the occurrence of heterosis in these traits. The results showed that the heterosis of most traits of synthetic cultivars was additive and positive. The highest percentage of heterosis compared to parents was for seed yield, essential oil yield, and the number of umbrellas per plant. It also seems that the traits related to yield components have higher heritability than other traits. The results showed that the synthetic cultivars were superior to their parent genotypes in terms of seed yield and essential oil yield. As a result, it should be said that the breeding method of creating synthetic cultivars in the fennel plant is successful. It can be expected that these synthetic cultivars could be introduced and expanded in the market of medicinal plants after being registered as commercial cultivars.

Schools should be able to be effective in the emergence of such characteristics as creativity, self-confidence, foresight, risk-taking and the desire to succeed (entrepreneurship spirit) in students and one of the duties of education officials is to create favorable atmosphere for the emergence of these characteristics. The current research was conducted with the aim of designing a model of characteristics of entrepreneurial schools in Iran based on grounded theory. This research took a basic approach regarding the objective, while in regard to nature, an exploratory approach based on grounded theory was used. The data collection tool comprised semi-structured in-depth interviews. The statistical population of the study included specialists, educational designers, and entrepreneurship professors and trainers. For the purpose of sampling, purposive sampling method with the snowball technique was utilized. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with experts (27 individuals) until saturation was reached. The collected data were analyzed using open, axial and selective coding and the final model was extracted. The final model consists of 4 core categories, 4 categories of causal conditions, 6 categories of necessary contextual factors, 7 categories of strategies, 5 categories of environmental factors, and 2 categories of consequences of entrepreneurial schools. In general, it can be stated that entrepreneurial schools system prepare students for the real world and provide the opportunity to learn key necessary skills for success in education, career, and life.

Metabolic syndrome is associated with an increase in chronic inflammation, in which exercise training may be an effective intervention for the improvement of inflammatory markers. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the effect of exercise training on the inflammatory markers of interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients with metabolic syndrome.

In this study, the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched during June 2022 for studies addressing the effects of exercise training versus control on inflammatory factors, including IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP. The search keywords were exercise training, inflammation, and metabolic syndrome. Standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval were used to determine the effect size using CMA2.

Twenty-two studies including 779 subjects with metabolic syndrome were included in the meta-analysis. Exercise training significantly decreased TNF-α [-0.74 (CI: -0.24 to -1.24), p=0.003] and CRP [-0.56 (CI: -0.25 to 0.87, p=0.001); however, the effect of exercise training on the decrease of IL-6 was not significant [-0.32 (CI: 0.20 to -0.85), p=0.22].

Exercise training decreases inflammatory markers in patients with metabolic syndrome, which may be a reason for the positive effects of exercise training on improving the metabolic status and cardiovascular health in such patients.

Comprehensive urban plans are prepared for the balanced physical development of cities, whereas these plans face many problems and usually fail to achieve their goals. This study aimed to study of land use pattern realization and its relationship with the city growth of Zahedan.

This study was carried out on 2022 in Zahedan. The list of indicators affecting the city was growth prepared using expert opinions and determining the coefficient of criteria in Expert choice software. The opinions of 18 experts were used using targeted sampling. The urban growth in 1991-2022 was investigated by overlapping effective indicators and extracting the growth range in the GIS software. The indicators affecting the realization of the land use pattern were prepared by assessing the opinions of the same experts, and the importance and weight coefficients of each were calculated through the AHP and ANP models, respectively. The final evaluation of the land use pattern was conducted in the BSC Designer software. Forecasting the growth trend of the city area until 1450 was assessed using spatial data analysis in ArcGIS through SLEUTH model.

Physical (49.28%) and social dimensions (32.26%) have the most and least development in the land use pattern of Zahedan. The land use pattern of Zahedan was in an average level (41.86%). According to the SLEUTH model, Zahedan city is developed on the basis of organic growth according the tendency towards the road, and the future growth of the city will be internal on the sides of the existing fabric.

The master plan of Zahedan city was realized less than 50%. This can be seen as a result of the lack of required legal tools and the financial capacity of the municipality.

Objective-wise, this research falls into the applied category, while a qualitative method has been used, and the model has been designed based on the Delphi method. The statistical population consisted of all educational and administration sciences professors, senior executives of higher education institutes, and deputy directors of the seven school districts in the city of Mashhad during the school year of 2017-2018. Having designed the initial conceptual model based on theoretical background and qualitative analysis, we sent the dimensions and components of the model to 20 well-informed individuals, and the validity of each question was assessed and surveyed in three different stages of the Delphi method. Moreover, after some recommended modifications were made in the questionnaire for this study based on the findings, the final draft of the questionnaire was prepared. Therefore, face validity has been the basis for the assessment of the validity of the research tool, for points of view of well-informed individuals have been used. Factor analysis has also been used. Using the data obtained from the pre-test for a sample consisting of 25 individuals, the Cronbach's alpha was calculated to be greater than 0.8, which indicates the high reliability of the research tool used. Based on the findings of this research, the competence model consists of four dimensions -- individual, communicative, organizational and professional -- and 32 components. Furthermore, the succession method consisted of four stages -- determining policies, assessing candidates, training candidates and evaluating their effectiveness -- and 9 components.

Epidemiological data show a strong correlation between vitamin D deficiency and the incidence of diabetes mellitus. Many studies have reported hypovitaminosis D in patients with diabetic retinopathy, and it is possible that the deficiency of this vitamin plays a role in the pathogenesis of this diabetic complication. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the serum levels of vitamin D in patients with diabetic retinopathy and its relationship with the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy.

In this review article, we searched Scopus, Google Scholar, and PubMed databases using the keywords vitamin D deficiency, serum vitamin D levels, vitamin D supplement, diabetes, and diabetic retinopathy. No time limit was considered for the search. Articles written in English were included in this study. Original and complete articles in English about vitamin D deficiency, diabetes and retinopathy were reviewed. Review articles and animal studies were excluded from this study. The data obtained from these findings were extracted and evaluated by two reviewers.

In this study, out of 52 studies found, 15 articles were reviewed according to the inclusion criteria. The results showed that vitamin D deficiency is very common in people with diabetes and diabetic retinopathy and there is a strong inverse relationship between vitamin D deficiency and diabetic retinopathy. In addition, the use of its supplements is also necessary to prevent the progression of diabetic retinopathy.

The results of this study suggest that the reduction of vitamin D serum levels is very common in patients with diabetic retinopathy and can be one of the risk factors for developing retinopathy. Its plasma level can have a high diagnostic value in order to prevent and control the onset of this complication.

Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is) is a routine telescopic surgery for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia, which results in an unpleasant sensation due to the presence of a urinary catheter. Studies have shown that muscarinic receptor antagonists and opioids can reduce the incidence and severity of this unpleasant sensation. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the effect of localized prostate blockade using bupivacaine on the unpleasant sensation caused by a urethral catheter after prostate resection surgery. 

The present study was a double-blind randomized clinical trial research. The statistical population included 42 patients scheduled for TURP in the hospitals of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Patients were divided into two groups: one bupivacaine treatment group (0.5mg/kg) by trans-perinatal method in periprostatic space on both sides and two (control group). In this study, the degree of discomfort until recovery was evaluated every half hour, the duration of Aldrete score to 9 and the degree of dissatisfaction caused by urethral catheter in patients undergoing prostate resection. The collected data were analyzed using statistical tests of Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, t-test, Mann-Whitney. 

Both study groups were similar in terms of baseline characteristics. Urinary catheter dissatisfaction was assessed after surgery and a significant difference was seen between the two groups. The mean time of patients in the recovery room in group two groups of control was significantly longer than group one (p≤0.165) and these patients reached the Aldrete score of 9 in a longer period of time. The mean duration of patients in the control groups in the recovery room was 118.81±56.45 minutes and in the treatment group were 97.14±27.90 minutes. No statistically significant difference was observed in morphine use between the two groups and no specific complication was observed in either groups. 

Consuming bupivacaine for localized blockade of the prostate in patients undergoing prostate resection surgery can reduce the discomfort caused by the presence of a urinary catheter, the length of time in the recovery ward and the level of dissatisfaction in recovery ward patients. Keywords: Transurethral Resection of the Prostate, TURP, Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia, Bupivacaine, Pain, Recovery, Localized Blockade

Cancer is one of the leading causes of child mortality in the world. Advances in the treatment of the disease have led caregivers to focus on other issues, including efforts to reduce the anxiety of mothers of children with cancer. Paying attention to family-centered care can be effective in achieving these goals. Therefore, the present study was designed to determine the effect of family-centered empowerment model on the anxiety of mothers of children with cancer.

The present study was a quasi-experimental study with pre-post design and a control group. The study was performed in Besat Hospital in Hamadan. Sixty mothers of children with cancer were randomly divided into two groups: control (n=30) and experimental (n=30). At the beginning of the study, the Spielberger Anxiety Inventory was completed by the samples and then in the experimental group, 5 sessions of family-centered empowerment model were performed by the researcher. After 5 weeks, data were collected from two groups and analyzed by SPSS-25 software.

There was no significant difference between the mean scores of state and trait anxiety in the control group before and after the intervention, while after the intervention, the mean score of state and trait anxiety in the experimental group decreased significantly (p<0.05). Also, the mean score of general anxiety before and after the intervention was significantly different in the experimental group (p<0.05).

According to the results of the present study, the family-centered empowerment model can be an important step in improving the anxiety of mothers of children with cancer; therefore, due to the low cost, safety and effectiveness of the family-centered empowerment model, it is suggested to use this model on other variables of nursing care.

Video processing is one of the essential concerns generally regarded over the last few years. Social group detection is one of the most necessary issues in crowd. For human-like robots, detecting groups and the relationship between members in groups are important. Moving in a group, consisting of two or more people, means moving the members of the group in the same direction and speed.

Deep neural network (DNN) is applied for detecting social groups in the proposed method using the parameters including Euclidean distance, Proximity distance, Motion causality, Trajectory shape, and Heat-maps. First, features between pairs of all people in the video are extracted, and then the matrix of features is made. Next, the DNN learns social groups by the matrix of features.

The goal is to detect two or more individuals in social groups. The proposed method with DNN and extracted features detect social groups. Finally, the proposed method’s output is compared with different methods.

In the latest years, the use of deep neural networks (DNNs) for learning and detecting has been increased. In this work, we used DNNs for detecting social groups with extracted features. The indexing consequences and the outputs of movies characterize the utility of DNNs with extracted features.  The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, as long as the original authors and source are cited. No permission is required from the authors or the publishers.

In this paper, the capability of computational homogenization technique in the prediction of the macroscopic yield surface of polycrystalline materials at the presence of microscopic damage is investigated. In order to perform the computational homogenization, the irregular shape representative volume elements (RVE) composed of two dimensional grains is used. The grains are considered as an undamageable linear elastic material while the grain boundaries are modeled by a nonlinear cohesive interface law. To study the effect of initial microscopic damages, three different shapes of fully damaged cracks are inserted at the center of RVEs. The Drichlet’s boundary conditions extracted from a macroscopic strain tensor is imposed on the boundary of RVEs and gradually increased until the full failure of samples. The results show that initial damages can dramatically reduce the material strength and give rise to an asymmetric yield surface whereas they have no effect on the macroscopic modulus of elasticity.

Sex education is an action that has been taken from the earliest times of human life, with the aim of balanced growth of sexual instinct and plays an important role in shaping the personality of individuals. The present study aimed to investigate factors affecting the sexual education of students in Torbat Heydariyeh.

The present study is a descriptive-analytical study. The population was male and female high school students in Torbat Heydariyeh, during the academic year of 2019-2020. Using Cochranchr('39')s formula and quota sampling method, 300 students were selected as samples. The data collection instrument in this study was a standard sexual self-efficacy questionnaire devised by Vaziri and Lotfi (2013) based on Schwartzer General Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (GSE-10) (1981). Data were analyzed by SPSS 24 through step-by-step multiple regression, the relationship between variables and the dependent variable was measured.

The results revealed that there is a direct and significant relationship (P <0.001) between the seven main and dependent variables. The adjusted R2 in the third step showed that sexual education methods (Beta=0.262) had the highest predictive power, family factors   Beta=0.433, and family factors (B = -0.443) and personality traits (B = 0.630) are in other rankings.

The present study investigated the effect of some factors on sex education and found that among the considered variables, sexual education methods, family factors and personality traits of individuals, had the highest predictive power and effect on adolescent sexual education given the sensitivity of the issue and its impact on various aspects of peoplechr('39')s lives, identifying the effective factors, helps families, society and those in charge of the education system to take a better path to cultivate this important educational dimension.

Today we are witnessing the changing nature of wars: large-scale missile airstrikes at the commencement of hostilities and during the conflict period, on vital and critical resources such as administrative, commercial and educational facilities and even residential areas. Therefore, vulnerability assessment and development of appropriate strategies to reduce the vulnerability and damage to the cities at wartime are necessary. Crisis management is one of the most important goals that planners and city managers are trying to implement today for reducing the vulnerability of urban infrastructures in order to minimize the amount of damage. Passive defense is a suitable approach that can be effective in creating a safe environment in cities. In this investigation, the city of zahedan has been designated as the research area. The strategic position of this city and a common land border with neighboring countries have made studying its vulnerability of special importance. This research aims to identify key and dangerous centers in zahedan city and to study the safety of urban spaces in zahedan city according to the principles of passive defense and also to identify and eliminate factors that reduce safety in the city. In this study, after identifying the location of key points and urban hazards, the vulnerability status of zahedan city is examined based on relevant indicators and application of the AHP and GIS hierarchical methods. Then taking into account the opinion of experts, seven main criteria along with sub-criteria are listed as important elements and areas of zahedan city. The super decision software has been used to score these criteria. The final vulnerability map of the area is prepared in three areas of low vulnerability, medium vulnerability and high vulnerability by ArcMap software which has the capability of overlaying maps. Finally, some strategies to reduce the vulnerability of Zahedan urban structure are presented.

This paper aims to study the construction of women identity by poststructuralist approach and Foucault's method of archeology. According to the findings, the historical period of Constitutionalism to the end of Pahlavi the first, which is regarded as the process of modernity in Iran, is considered as the creation of female issues and women identity in Iran. The three main discourses -political sovereignty, religious, and intellectual discourses - had influenced the construction of women identity by using law and force,  interpreting verses and hadiths, and publishing books and magazines respectively. However, each of the three discourses tried to give a solid definition of femininity and women identity in Iran by defining a border with the other discourses and seeing them as "the other" one and attempting to suppress the individuality. Meanwhile, the representatives of the discourse of women's resistance have attempted to be heard using feminine narratives and a combination of identical factors of Iranian nationalism, the Shiite branch of Islam, and modern concepts like freedom, equality, and progress. In addition, these representatives weaken the dominance of the discourses and present their subjectivity.

 Hyperthermia has been reported as a new and adjunctive treatment of cancer in inhibiting DNA repair, increasing radiation sensitivity of cancer stem cells, increasing the sensitivity of drug-resistant cancer cells, and inhibiting cancer signaling pathways that cause apoptosis, suppression of cancer stem cell proliferation and disruption in cellular function. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hyperthermia on the gene expression pattern of drug resistance and cell survival.

 In this in vitro study, two cell lines of human colorectal adenocarcinoma HT-29 and SW-48 were cultured. The cells of the hyperthermia and control groups were exposed to 42 or 43 °C and 37 °C for 2 hours, respectively. Then the effect of hyperthermia on cell survival was investigated by MTT method. The expression pattern of MDR1 and MRP4 genes was also measured using qRT-PCR.

 Hyperthermia reduced cell survival, but this reduction was not significant. Hyperthermia decreased MDR1 gene expression in SW-48 cells (p=0.007). Although MDR1 expression in HT-29 cells was significantly reduced at 42 °C, no significant difference was observed between the hyperthermia and control groups. Hyperthermia also had no significant effect on MRP4 gene expression in SW-48 and HT-29 cell lines.

 The results showed that hyperthermia reduces the gene expression related to drug resistance, but has no significant effect on cell survival.

Elderly people are vulnerable groups in society and the phenomenon of elder abuse is one of the main challenges in caring and protecting the elderly.

The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of abuse and its relationship with life satisfaction in the elderly.

This cross-sectional study was performed on the elderly referred to health centers in Rafsanjan. The Elder Abuse Questionnaire, demographic information and life satisfaction questionnaire were used for data collection. Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics and a p-value was considered less than 0.05 which is statistically significant.

The mean age of the elderly was 63 years of age. The lowest and the highest prevalence were related to physical abuse (3%) and to financial abuse, respectively (76%). Further, there was a significant relationship between abuse and illness, disability, marriage, income and life satisfaction of the elderly.

Elderly had experienced different types of abuse, especially financial abuse, and there was a relationship between elderly and their life satisfaction.

Radiotherapy (RT) is recommended to all patients undergoing Breast Conserving Surgery (BCS). Two strategies can be applied to irradiation, External Beam RT (EBRT) in addition, Intraoperative Radiation Therapy (IORT). The aim of this study was to introduce a protein biomarker panel related to molecular function of IORT.

Six Breast Cancer (BC) patients as a pilot study were treated by 12 Gy (Boost dose) and 21 Gy (Radical dose). Samples tissue included Margin before IORT (MB), and Margin 24 hours After IORT (MA24 h). High-throughput technology such as Isobaric Tag for Relative and Absolute Quantitation (iTRAQ) was performed to study proteomic of IORT-treated tumor bed.

We classified 110 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) as a protein biomarker panel by mapping the annotated coding region sequences to the reference canonical pathways in the KEGG database.

The analyses of protein function and signaling pathways of these DEPs reveal a molecular response to the effectiveness of IORT.

In this study, the compliance of the issued death certificate with the World Health Organization and 10-ICD codes standards was assessed.

In this applied descriptive study, the death certificate booklet of special, internal, and infectious (AS) deaths in Zabol city in Amir Al-Momenin Hospital was reviewed. From the total number of deaths registered in the mentioned wards from April to September 2018, 318 certificates were selected. After collecting data based on the information obtained from filling in the death certificate by internal medicine, infectious disease, general surgery, neurology, cardiology, lung, and chest surgery, data analysis was performed by SPSS 18 software.

In this study, 318 certificates were reviewed. 313 Certificate (98.4%) with blank code and only five certificates (1.6%) were completed correctly. Most of the blank code was related to writing in English letters and using medical abbreviations without explanation and cardiac arrest. They were in the next ranks.

Death certificates registered by specialists in Zabol Hospital are not based on 10-ICD standards and are not acceptable to Amir al-Momenin.

Mechanized excavation of the large cross section tunnels in rock condition has some hazards. Machine purchasing costs, fault zones, water inflows, squeezing, face instability, and etc. are some of the hazards which may cause excavation stop for a long time. In addition to mechanized excavation advantages, machine inflexibility in the complex geological conditions, high investment costs, technical, geometrical and political risks are the major disadvantages. Due to the high investment costs in this method, assessment and ranking the mentioned hazards are of a great importance. In this study, the tunneling risks of Alborz Western Tunnel (AWT) has been investigated using the fuzzy multi criteria decision making methods. The AWT in Tehran Shomal Highway is one of the major country project that considered to be excavated by an EPB shield machine. By analyzing geological condition and survey of some specialist's point of view, in this study, 17 possible hazards have been identified, and assessed by fuzzy TOPSIS and ELECTRE methods. Results shown that insufficient experience in mechanized tunneling of the large diameter tunnel and gas emission in the tunnel and investment and purchasing the machine are the most important risks in the project.

The use of membrane contactors for acidic gases purification is one of the important advances in engineering processes and environmental protection. Despite the many advantages of membrane contactors, the wetting of membranes is the most important problem in developing this technology. In order to reduce the wetting problem of membranes, in this work, super hydrophobic polypropylene hollow fiber membranes were prepared and their structure and performance were evaluated by various tests. The results of the contact angle measurements showed that for the membranes coated with methyl and fluorine functional group the contact angle increased to 162° and 155°, respectively. The results of Wilson's plot also showed that the mass transfer resistance of pure, methyl-coated and fluorine-coated membranes was 30.78%, 18.79% and 22.45%, respectively. Therefore, methyl-coated membranes have a high potential to be used in membrane contactors.

Over the past three decades, due to population growth, economic growth and energy consumption, environmental hazards have increased. Iran is a growing country and one of the examples of growth patterns with pressure on natural resources. Therefore, it is very important to study the environmental impacts of natural resources consumption and development in Iran. This study aimed at optimizing the agricultural policies with the orientation of environment conservation and improved economic productivity through building a two-level multi-objective optimization model as well as evaluating the optimal set of solutions obtained from two policy tools of 'increase in price of inputs' and 'introduction of taxes on fertilizer consumption'. This research was conducted as a case study in agricultural sector of Khomein Plain in Iran and during the 2015-2016 cropping year. The 'Pareto-optimal' set of answers obtained from the evaluation of the concerned policies showed that cultivars including beans and onions resulted in higher yields and lower fertilizer consumption than the other optimal cultivar patterns. Also, changing the cropping pattern to the proposed products would lead to an increase in water use productivity by 162 percent and a 29 percent reduction in the average consumed fertilizer while reducing the soil erosion by 33 percent. Given the study results, the bean and onion products are recommended to be used in the composition of farmers' cultivation pattern.

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is considered a severe infectious disease in Intensive Care Units (ICUs). It seems that the teaching of nurses staff may improve the quality of care and reduce the VAP rate. This study is performed to determine the effect of education on VAP and nurses' performance in Rafsanjan ICUs.

The semi-experimental study was conducted on 62 intensive care nurses, who were selected through convenience sampling and inclusion criteria. VAP rate and nurses' performance were measured three months prior to intervention. Then, the necessary education about the methods of preventing such VAP took place. After three months, nurses' performance and VAP rates were measured again. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (V.18).

The results showed that the VAP rate changes before(97.8%) and after the intervention (89.2%)were not statistically significant(p=1.000).Nurses' performance on hand washing, suctioning, patient position change, scrubs wearing, mouthwash, and intubation improved after training and had a statistically significant difference  (p<0/05).

The study indicated that nurses' education on the prevention of infection and VAP could be effective although this intervention had only clinical impact.

The main responsibility of an engine mount as a component which attaches the engine to chassis is control and absorption of different resources of vibration. Design process of marine engine mounts is one of main issues in the recent years in marine industries. Hence, a deep study in diverse design methodologies and performance analysis would be necessary to suggest an appropriate process for engine mount design. This study based on researches on design methods, suggest design and selection algorithm for marine engine mounts in four steps: primarily design, conceptual design, detail design, and finally performance assessment. Afterwards, the suggested process will imply for an internal marine engine mount with 200 hp. Based on achieved results, the final designed engine mount for this case in critical situation will have safety factor of 2.1 in static analysis and it also have a desired distance from excited frequency in frequency analysis. Finally, dynamic modeling results for this engine mount will be presented based on designed GUI by research team.

With the increase in the number of the elderly, the international community has paid special attention to improving quality of life in the elderly population. Educating healthy lifestyle behaviors can be effective in improving health indices; therefore, the present study was carried out to determine the effect of healthy lifestyle education programs on the quality of life and health indices of the elderly. This semi-experimental study was conducted on elderly people referred to four vocational gardens (parks) of the city of Rafsanjan. The data were collected using Richter sphygmomanometer, Easy-glucometer and Seca weighting devices and a demographic questionnaire. The intervention group (36 elders) received healthy lifestyle education during 8 sessions, each lasting one hour. The posttest outcomes were measured immediately and two-months after intervention the data were analyzed using version 18 of the SPSS18 by t-tests, fisher and chi-square tests. The mean of systolic blood pressure immediately (p=0.003) and two months after intervention (p=0.006) was significantly different. However, the mean of diastolic BP (p=0.003) and blood glucose (p=0.005) decreased significantly only two months after the intervention. Education can not only increase the knowledge but also improve the quality of life of elders. Therefore, it is suggested that healthy lifestyle education programs be conducted via relevant organizations for the elderly.