a. dehghan

Chronic kidney disease is a major health problem that is associated with low quality of life and premature death. According to the contradictory results of some studies regarding the effect of exercise and physical activity on renal indicators, this study was conducted to determine the relationship between physical activity and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in the population of Fasa County, Fars province, Iran.

The current cross-sectional study is derived from the data of the Fasa Persian cohort study. In order to measure the level of physical activity, a standard questionnaire was used in three levels of low, moderate and intense physical activity. Also, renal function was evaluated in three levels: normal, mild insufficiency, and severe insufficiency based on milliliters per minute. In addition to this, the demographic characteristics of people including age, gender, etc. were also evaluated.

The number of studied people was 5963. The mean physical activity and GFR level in the studied subjects were 2540.1±703.9 (MET-min/Week) and 77.7±11.2 ml/min, respectively. Analytical evaluation showed that there was a statistically significant relationship between GFR levels and physical activity in all three levels (p<0.001). Also, a statistically significant relationship was observed between GFR levels with the variables of age, gender, body mass index, waist circumference, blood sugar, blood pressure, sleep duration, smoking, diabetes and hypothyroidism (p<0.001).

The results of this study showed that there is a direct relationship between the levels of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and physical activity.

The present article is carried out with the aim of measuring the components of embodied cultural capital in the book of Beyhaqi's history. The concept of cultural capital is considered as a resource that individuals, groups and societies use to achieve desired results; Therefore, cultural capital is a set of beliefs, information, privileges, and the like that every person needs in order to be a member of a class of society. According to Pierre Bourdieu's point of view, cultural capital can be examined in three areas: subjective or embodied, objective, and institutional. The meaning of tangible cultural capital is that type of acquired information that is internalized in the form of stable desires of the organism and is classified as one's abilities.

This research is descriptive-analytical in terms of method and practical in terms of purpose, which library and internet sources including books and articles, theses and dissertations have been used to complete the theoretical foundations. The scope and society under study includes the book Beyhaqi's history by Khalil Khatib Rahbar, published by Mehtab (2004).

Based on the findings of this research, the cultural attitudes in the book of Beyhaghi history can be classified under three main sections, which include political, religious and moral attitudes.

In the political field, emphasis should be placed on prudence and avoiding unwiseness and consultation on various issues of the country; In the religious field, observing the practical rituals of Islam such as praying, giving alms, reading the Qur'an, believing in God's judgment and destiny, and trusting in self-knowledge; And in the moral and educational part, themes such as forgiveness and trustworthiness, self-control, wisdom and kindness, study, avoiding misbehavior, greed, lying, backbiting, informant and gossip and things of this type can be observed.

This study examined the effect of adding selenium to levothyroxine on controlling  primary overt hypothyroidism and reducing the serum level of thyroid peroxidase antibody.

This study was a double-blind, randomized clinical trial on individuals with primary autoimmune hypothyroidism. The patients were randomly divided into two intervention (I) and control (C) groups. Group I was treated with levothyroxine plus selenium, and Group C was treated with levothyroxine alone for three months. The anti-TPO antibody titer and serum levels of TSH, T3, and T4 were measured before and after treatment. Individuals were matched according to the season of visit and body mass index.

Fifty-three persons with a mean age of 33 years (10% male) participated in this study. Twenty-one individuals in Group I and twenty individuals in Group C completed the study. There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding age and gender. In none of the groups, anti-TPO antibody titer did not change significantly before and after the intervention. The serum level of the antibody did not differ significantly between the two groups before and after the study. Following the treatment, Group C was euthyroid; however, the intervention group, despite a decrease in TSH and an increase in T3 and T4, was not euthyroid. The participants reported no side effects.

In this study, adding selenium to levothyroxine sodium did not significantly change the serum level of anti-TPO, TSH, T3, and T4 in the patients with overt primary hypothyroidism.

The central nervous system is sensitive to radiation exposure as environmental pollution. This project aimed to evaluate the influence of jammer exposure radiation on spatial learning and memory.

50 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups. The experimental groups were exposed to jammer radiation for 2h/day once or 2h/day for two weeks. Sham groups were similar to the experimental groups which were exposed to switch-off. The distance from the jammer router to the animals’ cages was 30 cm. In the second phase, using Morris Water Maze, the effect of jammer exposure radiation on spatial learning and memory was studied.

Data showed that radiation exposure once a day for 2h caused a significant increase in the learning procedure in the experimental group1, but we observed an increase in the parameters of distance and escape latency in finding the platform for two weeks' exposure in the experimental group 2.

Results indicated that probably the motivation of escape and use of the different cues led to learning in the animals, while disrupting mobile performance through jammer router from animal environment caused a better brain performance in the spatial learning and memory in short term jammer radiation-treated animals group. However, with the same test conditions, in long term jammer the radiation-treated animals’ motivation reduced, which affected the responses and performance and reduced the learning. Moreover, environmental conflicts such as radiofrequency waves lead to behavioral alternations.

In this paper, we aim to implement, evaluate and validate Curle’s acoustic analogy in predicting far-field noise emitted due to the turbulent flow around a two-dimensional square geometry. Flow is considered to be incompressible with two Reynolds numbers of 46000 and 69000. Open- source software OpenFOAM is utilized for flow simulation using both k-w and large eddy simulation turbulence models. To predict far-field sound pressure levels, the Curle acoustic analogy implemented within the software and pressure fluctuations data over the surface of a square geometry have been used as one of the inputs to the Curle analogy. The average aerodynamic coefficients, mean pressure coefficients, and Strouhal number were determined and it was found that the fluctuations of  lift and drag forces, as well as the turbulence intencity are the main factors affecting the far field sound pressure level. The far-field sound pressure is well predicted by a combination of large eddy simulation and Curle’s acoustic analogy, which at two different observer locations and two Reynolds numbers of 46000 and 69000, are 90.62 and 97.8 (dB), respectively. Finally, the agreement of numerically predicted far-field sound pressure level with the experimental results indicates the efficiency of Curle’s acoustic analogy incorporated within the OpenFoam.

This research was an attempt to investigate the quality and quantity of groundwater resources in Yazd-Ardakan plain as the biggest watershed in Yazd Province and its relationships with the geological formations. For this purpose, qualitative data of the wells in the plain for the decades of 80 and 90 (according to the Iranian calender for the pre- and post-water transfer from Zayandehroud River to Yazd) were studied. Furthermore, the geological formations map of the region was prepared based on the geological maps and Google-Earth images. Then, the type and facies of water for each well was determined using Aq.QA 1.1 software. The suitability of water usage for agriculture and drinking purposes was also evaluated. Results showed that the chloride type of the groundwater was dominant in the southern and central parts of the watershed and also in 90s rather than 80s. Results of the qualitative zoning showed that the amount of EC was increased as 3 dSm-1 from 80s to 90s. Quantitative zoning of the groundwater showed that the elevation of the water surface decreased toward northern part of the watershed. The water depth in the wells was also decreased on the average of 10 m from 80s to 90s. Results also showed that the wells were dug often on the alluvium formations. Correlation analysis between water quality and frequency percentages of geologic formations revealed that the highest correlation (r=0.99) was observed between calcareous geologic (Ktl) unit and EC of the groundwater; whereas, there was the least correlation between Acidic volcanic rocks (Pc-cr) geologic unit and EC of the groundwater (r=0.07).

One of the important indicators in urban planning is the attention to the quality of life of the citizens. Because, growth and improvement of the quality of life affect other dimensions of development in the cities and villages and it paves the way for development and progress. Assessing the residents' satisfaction with the living environment can help assess the policies, rankings of places, and formulate strategies for urban and rural planning and management. Present research studied the satisfaction of residents of Mohammad Abad, Ali-Abad, and Yazdel villages in Aran-Bidgol district. The sample size of the study was 291 villagers. The main data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire and the statistical analyses and structural equation modeling have been done using AMOS and SPSS software. A single-sample T test was used to analyze the data and determine the status of quality of life indicators. T-test results showed that the social, economic quality, and physical-environmental and service-related indicators are at un-desirable, semi-desirable, and desirable levels, respectively. Structural equation modeling was also used to assess the components of quality of life. The results of the second-order confirmatory factor analysis indicated that paying attention to the social indicator in the studied villages might increase the life quality, economic, physical, service, and environmental indices by 0.87%, 0.82%, 0.77%, 0.26%, and 0.23%, respectively.

The study of turbulent boundary layer trailing edge noise as one of the most important aerodynamic sound generation mechanisms is a fundamental issue in design and production of equipment with minimum noise. In the present study, the utilization of finlets as a turbulent boundary layer trailing edge noise control technique is investigated. For this purpose, a flat-plate model, equipped with surface pressure transducers has been designed and built and the main parameters of trailing edge noise including the surface pressure spectra, the spanwise length scale, and eddy convection velocity in the trailing edge region have been measured. Moreover, in order to study the structure of the boundary layer flow downstream of the surface treatments, a single hot-wire anemometer has been used. The results showed that the presence of finlets leads to a significant reduction in the surface pressure spectra at all frequency ranges except for frequencies close to the maximum surface pressure spectrum. Furthermore, passing the flow structures through the finlets, although did not create significant changes to the spanwise length scale at high frequencies, however, they have led to an increase at low to mid frequencies. Finally, the Amiet-Roger model has been used to evaluate the changes in far field trailing edge noise due to the presence of the finlets and the results show the effectiveness of finlets in reducing trailing edge noise over a wide range of frequencies.

In this paper we define fuzzy farthest points, fuzzy best approximation points and farthest orthogonality in fuzzy normed spaces and we will find some results. We prove some existence theorems, also we consider fuzzy Hilbert and show every nonempty closed and convex subset of a fuzzy Hilbert space has an unique fuzzy best approximation.It is well know that the conception of fuzzy sets, firstly defined by Zadeh in 1965. Fuzzy set theory provides us with a framework which is wider than that of classical set theory. Various mathematical structures, whose features emphasize the effects of ordered structure, can be developed on the theory. The theory of fuzzy sets has become an area of active research for the last forty years. On the other hand, the notion of fuzzyness has a wide application in many areas of science and engineering, chaos control, nonlinear dynamical systems, etc. In physics, for example, the fuzzy structure of space time is followed by the fat that in strong quantum gravity regime space time points are determined in a fuzzy manner.

Solar collector, the first part of each solar dryer system, is important for industrial and agricultural purposes. The final objective of any solar system is to maximize its output. The energy analysis is excellent complementary thermodynamic tools for this purpose. In the present study, a comprehensive thermodynamic model for energy analysis of a double pass solar air heater has been carried out. Energy balance equations have been investigated for all components of the solar air heater including insulation, lower channel air stream, absorber, upper channel air stream and glass cover. The main object of this research was to find energy efficiency of a double- pass solar air heater for all over the year of Yazd Province in Iran. Moreover, the effect of inlet length and inlet width of collector on outlet temperature of solar air heater was studied. The results of the simulation showed that the maximum monthly average energy efficiency of the solar air heater is 32.41% in January with 145solar radiations. It is attributed to the fact that the inlet length of solar air heater has a positive effect on the increment of outlet temperature of top and bottom channel and efficiency of system, also the inlet width of solar air heater has negative effect.

To investigate the relationship between radiolucent periapical lesions and bone mineral density in post-menopausal women that was referred to the Yazd Khatam-Al-Anbiya clinic in 2014.

In this Cross-sectional study was conducted. Fifty postmenopausal women with a mean age of 57.9±5.00 years and the average age of menopause is 49.6±2.49 years, the average  of bone density of -2.4±0.8 were used for this study. Bone mineral density was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in three groups: healthy bone, osteopenic and osteoporotic. Periapicalradiolucencies were diagnosed on the basis of examination of digital panoramic radiographs and data collected by the software SPSS 17 and statistical test ANOVA and chi-squared tests, and t-test, and Fisher Exact test analysis.

The results showed a not significant relationship between bone mineral density and the ratio of the radiolucent periapical lesions to the total number of teeth (P-value=0.131). Also the relationship between the number of periapical radiolucent lesions with menopause age (P-value=0.428) and duration of menopause (P-value= 0.362) and bone mineral density with menopause age (P-value=0.916) was not significant. But the relationship between bone mineral density and duration of menopause was significant (P-value = 0.004).

The result of this study, cannot use the number of apical radiolucent lesions in panoramic radiography, as bone density index.

Ultrasonography is a safe, available and particular method in diagnostic imaging science. In ultrasonography most of body soft tissue imaged in B mode display. Iranian Qashqaeian sheep is an old and domestic breed in Zagros mountain area in central plateau of Iran.Gestation age detection in sheep was performed by ultarasonography in Kivircik breed in 2010 in turkey. In this study 5 adult clinically healthy Iranian ewes and 1 Iranian ram were selected. After synchronization and natural fertilization, pregnancy detected in all of ewes. Inguinal area in both sides shaved and cleaned by alcohol 70 degree and covered by enough copulating gel. Trans abdominal Ultarasonography was performed by a convex multi frequency transducer with 2.5-5 MHz frequency. We measured biparietal diameter that thickened part of fetal skull include (BPD), trunk diameter (TD), fetal heart diameter (FHD), intercostals space of fetus (ICS) and fetal heart rate per minute (FHR) weekly after day 60 after pregnancy. Data were collected and analyzed by on way Annova method in Spss15 software. Mean of BPD, TD, FHD and ICS in day 60 were 14.58, 25.92, 3.53, 2.3mm. FHR can measure on day 109 to 150. TD after day 109 cannot displayed in 1 frame in scanning. Ultrasonography in sheep pregnancy is a particular method. Using this study can help in theriogenologic disease that affected fetal growth. Differentiating between various sheep breed is a functional result of this study.

There is limited evidence that ginger (Zingiber Officinale) powder consumption is effective to relieve the pain and inflammation due to special phytichemicals. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ginger powder supplementation in pain improvement in patients with knee osteoarthritis.

This double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on 120 outpatients with knee osteoarthritis of moderate pain. Patients were randomly assigned to two groups: receiving ginger powder supplement and placebo. Ginger and placebo groups received two identical capsules per day for 12 weeks. Each capsule contained 500 mg ginger powder or starch. Pain severity was measured by VAS (Visual Analog Scale) at first and after 3 months. A responder was defined as a reduction in pain of > 1. 5 cm on a visual analog scale (VAS).

Before intervention، there was no significant difference between the two groups in severity of pain. However، after ginger supplementation، pain score decreased in ginger group. After 12 weeks، Pain reduction was more significant in ginger group than placebo. Response to intervention was 88% and 14% in ginger and placebo groups، respectively. There was statistically significant difference between both groups in response to intervention (p<0. 001).

The results of this study showed that ginger powder supplementation was effective in reducing pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis، therefore it is recommended as a safe supplement for these patients

The presence of a number of compounds such as silicon oxide and titanium in bauxite is considered to be one of the most important factors in reducing the quality and poor quality of refractory products. In this study, the possibility of recovering and extracting these compounds and increasing the Al2O3 / SiO2 modulus in Shahid Nilchian boxing mine in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province has been investigated using reverse flotation method. In this study, among the factors affecting the flotation process, three factors of pH, type and amount of collector and arrester have been selected and studied. Talc alkaline amine has been used as a collector and tannic acid as a deterrent and dispersant. Using this method, the amount of titanium compounds and Al2O3 / SiO2 module has been significantly reduced and increased, respectively. Among the three factors studied, pH is the most effective factor in the effectiveness of bauxite flotation.