a. parvar

Water is one of the main basic resources for development and is the most significant factor in Iranian agriculture production. The agricultural sector has an important role in production, employment, and gaining exchange and drastically affects other sectors of the economy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of water resources` reduction on agricultural sub-sector and other sectors` employment. The employment data were collected from SAM, 2011 and the employment generated by the economic activities of the economic sectors and the contribution of each of these sectors to employment was examined. The service sector ranked first with 24.99% employment creation and agriculture ranked second with 19%. Construction, industry, commerce, and transportation sectors ranked third to sixth, with 82.4% of the total employed working in these six sectors. The results showed that with water resources reduction by 10, 20 and 30%, the total employment decreased to 416334, 769472 and 1044114 people, respectively. In agricultural sub-sectors, the highest decrease was in farming and horticulture subsectors with an average of 14.17%.  According to the results, water saving technology was a solution to reach the major goals of agricultural development, especially for employment.

Water is one of the most valuable resources available to mankind. Today, international communities are aware of the importance of water for sustainable economic growth in the present and future. In this study, the effect of reducing water resources on economic sectors and agricultural sub-sectors was investigated through a social accounting matrix model. The results are presented in the form of absolute and relative effects. The direct and indirect impacts of a 10 and 50 percent reduction in water resources have been a decrease in the production of 3.4 and 22 percent from the viewpoint of a demanding, 4.7 and 24 percent from the viewpoint of a supplier, for agricultural products. From the perspective of a demanding, a 10 percent reduction in water resources has led to 10.5 percent production reduction of other economic sectors. The relative effects of 10 percent water reduction from a supplier’s point of view indicate that the greatest reduction was in water and other resources sectors. The relative reduction in water resources from the viewpoint of demanding has the greatest impact on water and veterinary sectors. From the perspective of the absolute effects on the demanding and the supplier, the vulnerability of urban households as a result of water resource reduction has been greater than that of rural households. Considering the relative impacts on a supplier, the impact of reduced income is greatr on urban low-income households than low-income rural households. Relative reduction of water resources from the perspective of demanding has a greater impact on capital factor than on labor factor