فهرست مطالب a. r. sayadi

Fear of falling in the elderly is a significant health problem. This study was aimed to compare the two CBT and Tai Chi exercise methods to reduce the fear of falling among retirees.

This randomized clinical trial study was conducted from December 2018 to October 2019 on elderly retirees who were referred to the Retirees Association at Kerman University of Medical Sciences in Kerman, Iran. A number of 120 elderly people were randomly assigned to Tai Chi, CBT, and control groups (40 retirees/group). The intervention in CBT groups consisted of 16 sessions of 60 to 70 minutes for eight weeks and in Tai Chi groups consisted of 16 sessions of 45 to 60 minutes for eight weeks. The participants in the control group received training on the problems of old age. The self-report scale assessed fear of falling before, one, and two months after the intervention. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 18 using ANOVA and Chi-square tests.

Before and in the first month after intervention, there was no significant difference between the three groups regarding the total score of fear of falling and its components (p<0.05). In the second month, the total score of fear of falling in the Tai Chi group was 8.95±1.63, the CBT group was 8.6±1.63, and the control group was 7.63±1.36, and there was no significant difference (p=0.147). Also, the most significant difference in the total fear of falling score was between the Tai Chi and the control groups.

Tai Chi and CBT interventions are effective in the fear of falling in the elderly.

Suicide is one of the health problems and social harms. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the causes of suicide in patients referred to the emergency Department of Ali Ibn Abi Talib Hospital in Rafsanjan in 2019.

The method of this study is descriptive. The statistical population of the study was 339 suicide bombers in Rafsanjan city in Kerman province. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. The software used was SPSS version 22.

Most of the people who attempted suicide (59.3%) were women. Out of the total number of suicide attempts, 6 cases (1.8%) were successful. In terms of suicide method, most cases belonged to drugs (77%).

Suicide attempt was higher in youth, women and people with low level of education and low-income and unemployed people than other groups. Preventive measures should be predicted and implemented by experts for these groups.

Nowadays due to the existence of the economic and geological uncertainties and the increasing use of scenario-based project evaluation in the design of open-pit mines, it is necessary to find an exact algorithm that can determine the ultimate pit limit in a short period of time. Determining the ultimate pit limit is an important optimization problem that is solved to define what will be eventually extracted from the ground, and directly impacts the mining costs, revenue, choosing mining equipment, and approximation of surface infrastructures outside the pit. This problem is solved in order to maximize the non-discounted profit under the precedence relation (access) constraints. In this paper, the Highest-Level Push-Relabel (HI-PR) implementation of the push–relabel algorithm is discussed and applied in order to solve the ultimate pit limit optimization problem. HI-PR uses the highest-label selection rule, global update, and gap heuristics to reduce the computations. The proposed algorithm is implemented to solve the ultimate pit limit for the nine real-life benchmark case study publicly available on the Minelib website. The results obtained show that the HI-PR algorithm can reach the optimum solution in a less computational time than the currently implemented algorithms. For the largest dataset, which includes 112687 blocks and 3,035,483 constraints, the average solution time in 100 runs of the algorithm is 4 s, while IBM CPLEX, as an exact solver, could not find any feasible solution in 24 hours. This speeding-up capability can significantly improve the current challenges in the real-time mine planning and reconciliation, where fast and reliable solutions are required.

According the importance of iodine monitoring in the prevention of iodine deficiency disorders, this study aimed to evaluate the clinical iodine and goiter deficiency in 7-12 year-old students in Rafsanjan in 2018-19.

The statistical population of this cross-sectional study included all students of 7-12 years old who were covered by Rafsanjan Education Management in 2018. From 21218 students aged 7 to 12 years living in the city, 1203 students (601 boys and 602 girls) based on inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. After obtaining informed consent from the parents, the students were examined clinically by an internal trained resident. In this study, the presence and severity of goiter were evaluated based on the World Health Organiaztion classification. Then, 10 ml of the morning urine sample of 10% of all samples was taken to measure iodine by acid digestion method.

The mean and standard deviation of age of participants was 9.48±1.71. In addition, mean and standard deviation of urinary iodine was 183.33±80.52 Ug / dl. In the study of the prevalence of goiter in the community, 87.1% (1047 samples) had no goiter, 9.7% (117 samples) had D1 grade and 3.2% (39 samples) had D2 grade. It was also found that the prevalence of goiter was not statistically significant in terms of age and sex.

The findings of this study indicate that the iodine deficiency control program and consumption of iodized salt has caused a significant decrease in the prevalence and severity of goiter, and also adequacy of the received iodine, given a marked increase in urinary iodine excretion in Rafsanjan city.

Waste rock dumping is very important in the production planning of open-pit mines. This subject is more crucial when there is a potential of acid-forming (PAF) by waste rocks. In such a type of mines, to protect the environment, the PAF materials should be encapsulated by non-harmful rocks. Therefore, block sequencing of the mined materials should be in such a way that both the environmental and economic considerations are considered. If non-acid forming (NAF) rocks are not mined in a proper time, then a stockpile is required for the NAF materials, which later on would be re-handled for encapsulation of PAF rocks. In the available models, the focus is on either block sequencing or waste dumping strategy. In this work, an attempt has been made to develop an integrated mathematical model for simultaneous optimization of block sequencing and waste rock dumping. The developed model not only maximizes the net present value (NPV) but also decreases the destructive environmental effects of inappropriate waste dumping. The proposed model, which is solved by a CPLEX engine, is applied to two different iron deposits. Also the performance of the proposed model is cross-checked by applying the available (traditional) models in a two-step manner. According to the results obtained, it can be considered that utilizing the developed model, because of extensive re-handling cost reduction, the NPV improvement is significant, especially when the overall stripping ratio is higher (deposit case A).

Hypertension is a prevalent health problem worldwide. Complementary medicine is commonly used in the treatment of hypertension and Aromatherapy is one of the complementary therapies.

The present study was conducted to investigate effects of aromatherapy using essential oils of damask rose on hypertension.

This clinical trial was conducted on 62 hypertension patients, who were randomly assigned to two intervention and control groups. In the intervention group, patients were treated with aromatherapy twice a day for two weeks, each lasting 2 minutes, by inhaling three drops of essential oils of damask rose instill on a piece of cotton. In the control group, placebo was used. Blood pressure of the patients was measured on days 2, 5, 9, 14, and 16. The obtained data were analyzed using statistical independent t-test and repeated measure analysis of variance at P < 0.05.

Both groups were homogenous in terms of demographic specifications. The results showed a statistically significant decrease in systolic blood pressure between the intervention and control groups. Aromatherapy in the intervention group resulted in a statistically significant decrease in diastolic blood pressure, only on day 12. Moreover, on the fifth to the twelfth days, the effect of aromatherapy on pulse decrease in intervention group was more evident than the control group.

Based on the obtained results, essential oils of damask rose can be used as an effective supplementary treatment of hypertension.

Childhood aggression is a significant factor in the occurrence of behaviors, such as a tendency to delinquency, dropout, as well as violence in adolescence and adulthood. Meanwhile, zinc plays a key role in brain and behavior development. This study aimed to evaluate the serum zinc level in aggressive children aged 6 to 12.

In this descriptive study, 69 children with aggression symptoms referred to the Rafsanjan psychiatric clinic in 2016, together with 69 children without aggression symptoms, were included in the study by purposive sampling after clinical interviews. Their parents completed Shahim's aggression questionnaire. Then, the serum zinc level was determined by the spectrophotometry method. Data were analyzed by independent t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient.

Of the 138 children, 97 (70.3%) were boy. The mean serum zinc level of aggressive children was 75.07±12.77 mcg/dl, which was significantly less than that of non-aggressive children (80.96±15.05 mcg/dl) (p=0.015). Serum zinc level was 78.93±13.90 mcg/dl in boys and 75.85±15.06 (p=0.249) in girls. The relationship between serum zinc level with total aggression (r=-0.169, p=0.048) and physical aggression (r=-0.216, p=0.011) of children was reversed significantly.

The results of this study showed that serum zinc levels of aggressive children were lower than healthy ones in Rafsanjan city. Therefore, parents and chiefs of community health, especially school health, need to identify and treat these cases on time to reduce aggressive behavior in childhood in order to prevent delinquent behavior in adulthood.

With the increase in the number of the elderly, the international community has paid special attention to improving quality of life in the elderly population. Educating healthy lifestyle behaviors can be effective in improving health indices; therefore, the present study was carried out to determine the effect of healthy lifestyle education programs on the quality of life and health indices of the elderly. This semi-experimental study was conducted on elderly people referred to four vocational gardens (parks) of the city of Rafsanjan. The data were collected using Richter sphygmomanometer, Easy-glucometer and Seca weighting devices and a demographic questionnaire. The intervention group (36 elders) received healthy lifestyle education during 8 sessions, each lasting one hour. The posttest outcomes were measured immediately and two-months after intervention the data were analyzed using version 18 of the SPSS18 by t-tests, fisher and chi-square tests. The mean of systolic blood pressure immediately (p=0.003) and two months after intervention (p=0.006) was significantly different. However, the mean of diastolic BP (p=0.003) and blood glucose (p=0.005) decreased significantly only two months after the intervention. Education can not only increase the knowledge but also improve the quality of life of elders. Therefore, it is suggested that healthy lifestyle education programs be conducted via relevant organizations for the elderly.

Congenital hearing loss delays many aspects of a child's development, including speech and socio-cognitive development. The aim of this study was determine the results of infant hearing screening with transient evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) in Moradi Hospital, Rafsanjan, Iran: 2014.
In this descriptive cross-sectional study from 6017 infants born in Niknafs Hospital in 2014, the hearing of 2743 infants was tested by TEOAE during the first 24 hours after birth. If the result TEOAE test was negative, 3 weeks later, the hearing examination was repeated. If the result of the second examination was negative, a precise hearing examination was performed with auditory brainstem response (ABR) before 3 months of age, and hearing loss cases were identified and referred to competent centers. The obtained information was presented in the form of descriptive statistics.
Of the 2743 infants, 2515 (91.69%) succeeded in the first stage test, 127 (4.63%) in the second stage test, and 16 (0.58%) in the third stage test (ABR test), showing a healthy hearing system. The results of examination with ABR indicated that 4 infants (0.14%) had mild to severe hearing loss who were introduced to specialized centers for cochlear implantation or using hearing aids.
Due to the high accuracy of screening tests, neonatal hearing impairment can be diagnosed and treated in the early days of life. Due to the availability of accurate tests for the examination of the hearing system and their low cost, hearing screening is recommended for infants at birth.

Development and formation of personality is affected by several genetics and environmental factors. Personality is the base of behaviors and parent-child relations have an influence on child’s personality. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the parent's personality characters with child personality characters given the role of parenting styles.
296 students of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences selected by Stratified random sampling method were enrolled in this study. Questionnaires were sent in the form of electronic files to emails of participants. Students and their parents completed the NEO Personality Inventory. In addition, Parents responded to Bamrind parenting questionnaire, Then the completed electronic files were sent back to the sender (the researcher). Finally, the data were analyzed by T-test, Pearson correlation and regression.
The relation of Openness to experience of fathers with Agreeableness of Childs had a reverse significance (p Some personality traits of parents correlated with personality traits of children. The relationship of freer and healthier personality traits of parents with personality of children was more than disorders traits such as neuroticism. The relationship of children personality traits with mother’s personality traits was more. The democratic and authoritarian parenting style of Parents also is able to predict some personality traits of Childs. The results of such studies should help Psychologists for better training and parents for better education of children to optimize the formation of personality traits.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common chronic diseases of the central nervous system. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of psychological training combinedý with gradual muscular stress relaxation technique on QOL of patients with MS.
This triple-blind, controlled, clinical trial was conducted on 60 patients with MS who were members of the Multiple Sclerosis Society of Yazd Province, Iran. The subjects were selected through convenience sampling method and with the consideration of the inclusion criteria. The participants were randomly divided into 2 groups of experimental (30 persons) and control (30 persons). The experimental group received 12 sessions of psychological training combined with gradual muscular stress relaxation technique (2 sessions per week), but the control group received no intervention. The data collection tools used consisted of a demographic characteristics form and the Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life-54 (MSQOL-54) ý questionnaire. The questionnaires were completed before, immediately after, and 3 months after the training. Data were analyzed using the statistical tests of student’s t-test, Pearson correlation, and repeated measures.
QOL score in the experimental and control groups were 50.86 ± 14.78 and 56.25 ± 13.09 before the intervention (p=0.141), 68.49 ± 11.81 and 55.76 ± 13.37 immediately after the intervention, and 67.80 ± 11.90 and 55.06 ± 12.83 three months after the intervention, respectively. This difference was statistically significant (P The implementation of psychological training intervention combined with gradual muscular stress relaxation method in patients with MS increases QOL. Therefore, it can be used as a beneficial intervention method for improving the QOL of patients with MS.

Coronary artery diseases (CAD) are the most common, costly and debilitating diseases and identify factors that may help predict where necessary. The purpose of study was evaluation the correlation between the earlobe crease (ELC) and coronary artery disease in patients referred for coronary angiography in Rafsanjan. We evaluated 320 patients in coronary angiography department for ELC and severity of CAD and other variables. Data analyzed with chi-Square and logistic regression. 68.8% had CAD that 32.7% of them had no ELC, 43.6% moderate ELC and 23.6% severe that difference was significant (p=0.01). Difference between ELC was significance with cigar (p=0.014), hyperlipidemia (P<0.001), history of CAD (P=0.048), age and bady mas index (P<0.001). ELC, hyperlipidemia and age can predict CAD significantly. It seems that this Dermatologic finding able to predict the risk of CAD in normal population and perhaps even in emergencies such surgeries.

In today's world, MS (marital satisfaction) is diminishing. However, people attitudes to life, and communications, can increase satisfaction. This study was aimed to evaluate relation of EQ (emotional intelligence) and MS in the academic staff of Rafsanjan University of Medical sciences. Research population included all faculty members in rafsanjan university of medical sciences, which 122 subjects completed Bar-On and Enrich questionnaires and data were analyzed with Pearson's and Spearman correlation coefficients and T test. MS in this study was 68% and the average score of EQ 337. Overall, EQ and MS were not associated with sex and age. Among the different dimensions MS, relationship between interpersonal relations and empathy with the gender was statistically significant. Among the various dimensions of EQ, only the responsibility had a significant relationship with gender. Total score of EQ and MS, were not significantly correlated with sex. All components of EQ and MS had a significant relationship with each other. 37% of marital satisfaction could be predicted by emotional intelligence. Due to the high relationship between EQ and MS, these findings recommended that responsible organizations for national education required to training more skills to increase EQ until improve marital relationships and more strength to the family.

Vertigo is one of the most frequent causes of refard of patients referred to the physicians and is a symptom of a disease. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of sinusitis in patients brain MRI who referred with vertigo during last 10-year. In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed patients who referred to ali-ebn-Abitaleb hospital of Rafsanjan from 1997 to 2007 (10,052 people) for MRI. Sampling was done by census method and questionnaires were completed by reading their files. Total of 516 patients with dizziness were identified and examined and questionnaires were completed. Data were analyzed with SPSS software version 17 and Chi square test and Fisher. Of all patients referred during last 10 years, 516 had vertigo that 90 patients (17.3%) were suffering from sinusitis. There was no significant difference between sinusitis and vertigo and sex, but there were a significant difference between age groups and sinusitis (P<0.05). According to the results, in treating patients with vertigo, a complete clinical history need to be obtained and also sinuses should physically be examined and sinusitis night be considered.

Suicide is a major health problem and causes massive number of mortality an nualy. It's expected that in 2020 one death per 20 second due to Suicide will occur. So it's necessary to reduce mortality by prevention of this social intricate. The aim of this study was to investigate suicide attempt and its related factors among referring to Ali EbN Abitaleb Hospital in Rafsanjan during 2006-2007. In this cross-sectional study which undertaken during Sep 2006 to Sep 2007 all suicidal cases that referred to emergency center of Ali Ebn Abitaleb Hospital in Rafsanjan were surveyed. The patient and their companions were interviewed using a questionnaire regarding epidemiological characters and etiology of suicide. Data were analyzed by SPSS software and descriptive, χ2 and Fisher Exact test. Of 269 patients, 53.2% was male, 60.8% single, most of them were urban and unemployed. Of them 44.7% had high school education,78.4% of suicides were done by drugs and 17.5% by agricultural poisons. The most reason of suicide was family related difficulties (55.4%). The result of this study showed high frequency of suicide in unemployed men with family challenges. So family consulting and unemployment are highlighted.

G6PD (Glucose -6- phosphate dehydrogenase) is the first enzyme of pentose phosphate pathway, which plays an important role in NADPH production. NADPH is necessary for preventing of cell oxidation. Deficiency of this enzyme led to hemolysis in some situations. This study has been done to determine the prevalence of G6PD deficiency and its relation with sex, blood group, Rh and familial history of new born in Rafsanjan.

In this cross sectional study blood sample was collected on a special filter paper and the activity of G6PD was measured by fluorescent spot test. The data were analyzed by Chi-square and Fisher exact tesst. Significance was defined as p<0.05.

There were 523 boys and 495 girls out of 1018 alive newborns. The G6PD deficiency was 5.7% for boys, 4.2% for girls and 5% for all the alive newborns. No significant relation, between prevalence of G6PD deficiency and blood group, sex, familial history and Rh were found.

The G6PD deficiency prevalence in Rafsanjan is less than other parts of Iran and the worlds (10%-14.9%). Given the screening test is cheep and easy it is suggested to perform this test at birth to differentiate the relatively or completely deficient sample to prevent of health problems.