فهرست مطالب a. shojaee

COVID-19 has affected a worldwide population, causing more than a million deaths from the end of 2019 until now; so the aim of this study was to determine the symptoms of COVID-19 in the Iranian population through a teleconsultation-based service to better deal with it.

This study was a cross-sectional study that included 12125 individuals calling for COVID-19 screening and consultation from 2 March 2020 to 19 April 2020 with the census method. A telephone number was assigned for consultation with more than 70 nurses responding to first-level questions and more than 30 medical doctors responding to second-level questions. For statistical analysis, a chi-squared test and univariate logistic regression with SPSS 25 were used.

Cough was the most common complaint (41.3%), followed by shortness of breath (32.8%), and fever (31.5%). Confusion was the least common complaint (1.6%). Binary logistic regression revealed that men were at a higher risk of COVID-19 compared to women (OR:1.31, 95% CI 1.10-1.55, p=0.002). In addition, older age was a risk factor for COVID-19 (OR:1.02, 95% CI 1.02-1.03, p<0.001). Also, significant positive correlations were found between fever, chills, sore throat, shortness of breath, cough, body ache, and gastrointestinal symptoms with COVID-19 even after adjustment for gender and age.

Fever, cough, and shortness of breath were the most common complaints in individuals calling for COVID-19 teleconsultation. It’s suggested that in times of crisis, such as the Covid-19 pandemic, remote sensing can be done to raise public awareness and break the transmission chain.

This study investigated the effect of adding watermelon juice, vitamin Eselenium and vitamin C to the drinking water on growth performance, internal organs’ weight, and prececal nutrient digestibility in broilers under heat stress. Two hundred and fifty Hubbard F15 day-old broilers were allocated to five treatments with five replicates of 10 broilers per each replicate, based on a completely randomized design. The birds in the control treatment did not receive any supplement in drinking water and reared in thermoneutral temperature. Birds in the other four treatments received watermelon juice at 60% or 30%, vitamin C at 50 mg/L, or vitamin E-Selenium at 1 mL/L of drinking water during the heat stress period. Heat stress applied for 9 hours from day 12 onward. Results indicated birds that received 60% watermelon juice had similar body weight and feed intake compared to control birds. The relative weight of proventriculus, intestine length, and prececal dry matter nutrient digestibility was significantly higher in 60% watermelon juice treatment than other treatments. It is concluded that watermelon juice supplementation at 60% concentration into the drinking water could improve the performance of birds reared under heat stress as a result of restoring water and feed intake and also better prececal dry matter digestibility.

Education and training of the next generation of nurses requires that the curriculum of nursing doctoral programs be in line with the ever-changing global and emerging knowledge sciences. Comparing educational systems can help to enhance academic credibility of educational programs, expand nursing vision, and improve the quality of nursing care. The purpose of this study was to compare the educational system of Nursing Ph.D in Iran and Pennsylvania School of nursing.

This Comparative- analytic study was  performed in 2019. The four-stage Beredy model of description, interpretation, neighborhood and comparison was used to compare the nursing educational system in Iran and Pennsylvania School of nursing. Data were collected by Persian and English keywords in Google. Then the data were categorized and compared according to the  aim of the research.

 The structure of  nursing  Ph.D program  in Iran and Pennsylvania are largely similar to each other  but  there  are  significant differences in  values, philosophy, vision and mission, main goals of the course, admission requirements, curriculum, role dimensions and  core competencies of the graduates. These significant differences include international leadership in science, practice and research, global health, diversity of nursing courses tailored to the needs of the community, and interdisciplinary collaboration.

According to the findings, PhD in Nursing in Iran, despite the appropriate theoretical content, is weak in terms of clinical dimension and presence in the international arena. Therefore, presenting the doctoral course in clinical nursing, and updating the educational program in accordance with changes in the pattern of diseases, interdisciplinary and international collaboration and paying attention to the role of nursing leadership in science, research and global health is suggested.

The prevalence of nosocomial infections is increasing and emerging of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens associated with nosocomial infection is a major public health problem worldwide. The aim of this study was Evaluation of the prevalence of nosocomial infections and determine antibiotic resistance in different parts of Imam Reza Hospital.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in Imam Reza Hospital during 1396 and 1397. Each of the patients in different wards of the hospital with nosocomial infections was enrolled. Data about patients’ age, sex, site of infection, ward of hospitalization and culture's report were collected. The pattern of antibiotic resistance was determined by disk diffusion method. Data analysis were done by SPSS version 16 to compute descriptive and analytical statistics.

Of 14517 patients that were investigated, 250 (%1/7) had nosocomial infections. The incidence rate was (%1/7). The Urinary Trach infection(%36/8) was the most common nosocomial infection followed by VAP(Ventilator associated pneumonia)(%23/6) and PNEU-PNV(%15/6). The most frequently isolated organisms from all sites of infections were Klebsiella (%32/4), Sitrobacter (%27/6) and Escherichia coli (%24). Three of pathogens had high resistance to third and fourth cephalosporin, Fluoroquinolones, Inhibitor beta-lactamase, Macrolides, Carbapenems. Three of them also was resistant to Vancomycin % 100.

Multi-drug resistance in different microorganisms of this study was high. The emergence of Sitrobacter bacteria as a common microorganism with high antibiotic resistance in this study may indicate a new change in the prevalence of microorganisms in this hospital and is a serious warning.

The current study was conducted to investigate the effect of tillage methods, residue rates, and forward speeds on the soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC) of Haploustepts soil over the course of one crop year (2014-2015). The treatments consisted of conventional mechanized tillage (CT: moldboard plough+disc) and reduced tillage (RT1: chisel peker+plough and RT2: combined tillage), different surface residues, including three levels of no residue, 40% residue, and 80% residue, and forward speeds at three levels: low (4 km/h), normal (7 km/h), and high (10 km/h). The experimental water retention data were fitted to uni-modal van Genuchten (termed uni-modal vG) and bi-modal Dexter (termed bi-modal Dex) models. No significant impact was observed on different physical parameters, except for parameter n. In the slope at the inflection point of SWCC, 11.8% and 8.9% reductions were observed in CT and RT1 treatments, respectively, compared to RT2. Based on the results,  measured under CT tended to be higher than that of other tillage treatments. Residual covers and higher forward speeds tended to increase both  and . Changes in PSD were more pronounced in larger (macro) and medium (meso) pore diameter classes. The highest value of structural void ratio as transmission pores was observed in RT2. This finding indicates that with respect to , , , and  values, the soil PSD descriptive system is a bi-peak distribution such as H-L; therefore, due to the hierarchical nature of soil structure, van Genuchten equation cannot appropriately describe multi-modal soils inherently.

In beverages industry, clarification is one of the unit operations that it is used to remove the color, aroma and undesirable flavor, haziness, bitterness and acridity. For clarification of celery juice, different clarification methods such as mechanical (I), bentonite earth (II), active charcoal (III) and gelatin (IV) were used. Then, in each of the studied methods, the processing parameters including the concentration of compounds, rotation and process time were optimized by RSM approach. After optimization process, the optimum points for methods I, II, III and IV were obtained as (3999.5 rpm and 14.77 min), (500 ppm and 25 min), (1418.37 ppm and 81.17 min) and (105.89 ppm and 119.48 min), respectively. Type of clarification method had significant effect (p<0.05) on the transmittance index of produced celery juice, and the amount of transmittance in different clarification methods I, II, III and IV was 8.71, 1.965, 0.477 and 31.31%, respectively; the loss of cholerophyll pigmenty corresponding to each of these methods comparing to the blank sample was computed as 65.37, 41.64, 16.84 and 86.24%, respectively. The lowest amount of pH (5.69) was observed in method IV, which corresponds to the greatest acidity value. Also the change of specific gravity was very trivial and the lowest amount of it was related to method IV (SG=1.0114), most probably due to the loss of suspension particles present in celery juice. Goodness clarification methods of celery juice in order of importance included IV, I, II and III. Generally, application of clarification method IV as the best treatment is recommended for the processing factories of this crop