فهرست مطالب a.a. ghanbari

Sepehr cultivar (line KS940144) was selected from common bean germplasm (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and in breeding experiments conducted from 2014 to 2018 was one of the top lines in the green pod yield. In 2014, 302 lines of common beans were studied the presence or absence of string in the pod, the number of pods per plant, and the shape and length of the pod in the research field of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII) and line KS940144 along with 24 other desirable and marketable lines were selected for preliminary yield comparison trial. In the summer of 2015, 25 lines were compared with the commercial cultivars Sunray, Valentino and Contander. In the spring of 2016, eight selected lines from the previous year were planted along with the commercial cultivars Sunray, Valentino and Contander. According to the results, all eight lines were selected for adaptability testing. To evaluate the adaptability and yield stability of the selected lines, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in three regions of Karaj, Sari and Zarghan during two years (2017 and 2018). Comparison of the average yield of green pods in the regions over two years showed that the line KS940144 had first rank for the green pod yield (17720 kgha-1). The yield difference of this line compared to Valentino and Sunray cultivars was more than 31% and 36%, respectively. In 2019, the results of yield evaluation of line KS940144 in comparison with Sunray cultivar in the conditions of farmers of Alborz, Mazandaran and Fars provinces showed that the average yield of line KS940144 (16355 kgha-1) was 11.77% higher than Sunray cultivar (14632 kgha-1). In 2020, the reaction of line KS940144 to BCMV virus disease was studied and this line was identified as a resistant line. Due to the high yield, excellent pod marketing and disease resistance to common bean mosaic virus, this line was released as Sepehr and is recommended for cultivation in cold, temperate and temperate-cold regions.

Ariyan cultivar (line KS10071) was selected from common bean germplasm (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). In an observational evaluation of 302 common bean lines in 2014 in Karaj, Ariyan cultivar along with 24 desirable and marketable lines were selected for a preliminary yield trial. In 2015, 25 lines were compared with Sunray, Valentino and Contander check cultivars in summer cultivation. According to the results, eight desirable lines without string in pods and marketability were selected for the next year's cultivation. In the spring of 2016, eight lines were planted along with the commercial cultivars Sunray, Valentino and Contander. According to the results, all eight lines were selected for adaptability testing. To evaluate the adaptability and yield stability of the selected lines, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in three regions of Karaj, Sari and Zarghan during two years (2017-2018) and eight lines were compared with commercial cultivars Sunray and Valentino. Results showed that the Ariyan cultivar with 14850 kgha-1 green pod yield had 10% and 14% more yield than Valentino and Sunray commercial cultivars, respectively. In these experiments, no signs of mosaic virus and two spotted mites were observed in this cultivar. In 2019, the results of yield evaluation of Ariyan cultivar under conditions of farmers in Alborz and Mazandaran provinces showed that the average of green pod yield of Ariyan cultivar (15748 kgha-1) was 4.98% higher than Valentino cultivar (15001 kgha-1). In 2020, this cultivar was recognized as a tolerant cultivar in the reaction to BCMV virus. Due to the desirable characteristics of Ariyan cultivar such as high green pod yield, excellent pod marketing, uniformity of pods and tolerance to BCMV disease, this cultivar was released as Ariyan and is recommended for cultivation in the cold, temperate and temperate cold regions of Iran.

The red bean Ofogh cultivar introduced to Iran in 1994 under the name of Line D81083 from the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) and was evaluated in several experiments with breeding, agro-techniques, plant protection and onfarm aspects. This cultivar with grain yield of 2324 kgha-1 had 11% higher yield compared to the Goli check cultivar in evaluation of adaptability of red bean cultivars in Khomein region. Based on its grain yield and also due to early maturity, plant stand type, excellent grain size and good marketing this line was selected for further studies. Ofogh cultivar had the lowest yield reduction under drought stress conditions and had a lower susceptibility index and higher drought tolerance index compared to Goli check cultivar. Also, with an efficiency of 0.28 kgm-3 under drought stress conditions, it had a good water use efficiency. This cultivar is resistant to bean common mosaic virus disease. Also, it is 20-25 days early mature than conventional red bean cultivars and cut down at least four irrigations, where under flood irrigation conditions it will save at least 3400 m3 of water consumption. This cultivar is recommended for areas where cultivation of beans is not possible due to early autumn cold damage, or in the areas where bean planting time is delayed in spring due to coincidence with irrigation of autumn crops such as wheat, barley and canola.

In order to investigate the effect of seed priming with growth regulators on yield and yield components of red bean lines this research was conducted as spilt factorial in RCBD design with three replications. The treatment consists of three levels of irrigation (after evaporation of 60-55, 85-80 and 115-110 mm) two lines of red beans ( KS31169 ,D81083) and seed priming including salicylic acid and naphthalene acetic acid at four levels (P0:control, distilled water; P1: 0.5 m mol L-1 NAA; P2: 0.7 m mol L-1 SA; P3: combination of SA and NAA at rates of 0.5 and 0.7 m mol L-1). The results showed that the simple effects and the interactive effects of genotype × seed priming with on all the studied traits were significant except for the harvest index and pod length.
Maximum 100-seed weight of (44 g) and biological yield of (14715.88 kg h-1 ) were achieved in the KS31169 line through the use of (NAA), under irrigation after 80-85 mm evaporation. The seed yield of (3454.16 kg h-1) were observed through the use of (NAA) and (SA) pretreatments for drought stress treatment. The results of stepwise regression of yield and the related traits 88 % of grain yield changes was explained by biological yield, grain yield, harvest index, number of seeds per pod and seed weight. Generally, it can be concluded that seed pretreatment can help improve and develop the yield under drought stress, directly and indirectly by affecting the morphological and physiological properties of plants.

In order to determine the best sowing date and the best plant density of the local spotted bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), cultivar Khomein, an experiment was conducted in two years (1995-1996) at the Khomein National Bean Research Station. A split block design in randomized complete block with four replications was used. Three sowing dates (20 May, 4 June, and 19 June) were allocated in horizontal plots, and five plant densities (20, 25, 30,35, and 40 plants per m2)in vertical plots. The results indicated significant differences among plant densities for number of pods / plant, seeds / plant, 100 seed weight and seed yield. The highest number of pods / plant, seeds / plant and 100 seeds weight were obtained from 20 plants per m2 plots. However, the highest seed yield was obtained from 35 plants per m2 plots (about 3233 kgha-1). In sowing date treatments, plant height and days to maturity decreased with delay in planting. The seed yield was higher in the first sowing date (20 May) than the other dates. The results showed in general, that from desities of 30-40 plants per m2 planting in late May and early June the highest yield will be obtained.