فهرست مطالب aa jafari

The genus Stachys L., (Lamiaceae family) has several spicy and aromatic species. In order to investigate the diversity of aerial biomass, morphological traits, and essential oil yield, 47 populations out of five species including S. lavandulifolia, S. laxa, S. inflata, S. germanica and S. byzantina were evaluated during two years, at a research farm in Khorramabad, Iran. The traits such as plant height, leaf length, leaf width, stem number, stem diameter, vegetation cover, 1,000 seed weight, and aerial dry (DM) yield in all 47 populations were measured. The essential oil was extracted using the hydrodistillation method with a Clevenger-type apparatus. The essential oil compounds were detected using GC and GC/MS. Data were analyzed using nested ANOVA with Minitab16 software. The results showed that both S. germanica and S. byzantina had higher aerial biomass than the other species. The Saveh and Tehran populations of S. inflata, the populations of Qazvin and Qorveh in S. lavandulifolia, and the populations of Ardebil and Semirom in S. Byzantine were superior to the others for the measured traits. For essential oil yields (w/w), the highest and lowest values were 2.0 and 0.8%, obtained in S. byzantina and S. lavandulifolia, respectively. Phytochemical analyses of S. lavandulifolia identified 43 compounds. The main compounds were β-eudesmol (3.48%), germacrene-D (4.59%), δ-cadinol (4.69%), bicyclogermacrene (6.85%), δ-cadinene (9.69%), spathulenol (10.08%) and α-cadinol (12.86%). S. lavandulifolia, with early maturity and higher essential oil, was recommended for domestication and breeding of improved varieties.

In the present study, an accurate model is used for analyzing an asymmetric shaft with misalignment and under unbalance forces in rotating coordinates verified by developing an experimental test.The asymmetric rotor modeled by the Timoshenko beam theory is coupled to a motor.The differential equations of motion are discretized by Rayleigh-Ritz method and derived from Hamilton's principle. Thereafter, According to the results, a frequency range is detected in which,resonance and instability will occur. The dynamic behavior of the rotor is investigated near the boundary of the instability region. Various parameters, including unbalanced and misalignment induced forces, and the dimensions of the cross-section of the shaft are taken into account.Finally,vibration responses of the system and their Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) are presented graphically to determine the frequencies of the harmonic responses. It is concluded that the asymmetry of the shaft and misalignment fault severely affect the dynamic response of the rotor.Moreover, the accuracy of the results is increased by applying the Timoshenko beam theory.By developing an experimental test for the rotor system connected to an electric motor with misalignment fault, verifying this model has been done.The experimental results obviously obtained the unstable operating area as acquired by the differential equations of motion.

Denture stomatitis is the most common opportunistic infection caused by candida in denture wearer’s palate, which is more common and severe among diabetic patients. Several studies have already been conducted to examine various drugs for treatment of candidiasis. Recently, some cases of drug resistance of none albicans Candida species to antifungal drugs have been reported. The aim of the present study was to compare the in vitro susceptibility of isolated Candida species of uncontrolled diabetic patients against Nystatin and Fluconazole.

In the present lab trial study, 43 patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and denture stomatitis referred to Yazd Diabetes Research Center and Clinics were screened and sample were collected from the palate using sterile swabs. At that point samples were cultured to determine the differential colony counts through the color difference between the colonies and furthermore MIC of Nystatin and Fluconazole by two different methods (Broth microdilution &Disk diffusion). Data were analyzed using SPSS23 and Kruskal-Wallis test.

In the present study, the most commonly isolated species were: Candida albicans (38/3%), followed by Candida tropicalis (14/9%), Candida krusei (10/6%), Candida glabrata (8/5%) and other species (27/7%). According to both methods, Candida albicans was the most sensitive to both Nystatin and Fluconazole. The most resistant species to Nystatin and Fluconazole were Candida glabrata and Candida Krusei respectively. In 100% concentration, sensitivity of candida species to Nystatin was significantly higher than Fluconazole, except for Candida albicans (p-value=0/05).

The present study indicated that Nystatin was better than Fluconazole for treatment of denture stomatitis in uncontrolled diabetic patients.

In the present study, a proper analytical model is developed for investigating nonlinear vibration behavior of asymmetric and symmetric rotors under unbalanced and misalignment induced forces in rotating coordinates. The rotor is connected to a motor through an asymmetric coupling. For a more accurate vibration analysis, Timoshenko's beam theory is applied and for a better modeling of misaligned coupling forces, Gibbons’ equations are used. The equations of motion are discretized by Rayleigh-Ritz method and derived from Hamilton's principle, thereafter. According to this investigation, for asymmetric rotors as opposed to symmetric rotors, a frequency range is detected in which resonance and instability occurs. Also, the dynamic behaviors of the symmetric and asymmetric rotors are analyzed at the same rotational speed to indicate specifically the effects of different parameters on both rotors. For investigating the vibration behaviors of the rotors more accurately, their time-domain vibration responses are plotted and then their Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) are presented to determine the vibration frequencies of the rotors, so the effects of different parameters can be well observed. As a whole, in this study, the effects of each of the defects such as shaft asymmetry, misalignment, mass unbalance and also nonlinear terms are investigated on the dynamic behavior of the rotor system.

In this study, the nonlinear vibration of the annular sector plate in contact with fluid is investigated. The displacements in polar coordinates are considered in terms of the first order shear deformation theory. The strains are determined based on Von-Karman relationships. By considering the kinetic and potential energies and the Hamilton principle, the governing equations of motion are determined. The governing equation of the oscillatory behavior of the fluid is obtained by solving Laplace equation and satisfying its boundary conditions. The shape modes are considered based on linear vibration modes. By using shape modes and Galerkin method, the governing equations have become nonlinear differential equations based on time. The nonlinear differential equations solved based on perturbation method and nonlinear natural frequency is determined. At the end, the numerical results are presented for a sample plate and the effect of parameters such as aspect ratio, sector angle, boundary conditions, fluid density and fluid height have been investigated. Also, the results obtained are verified with the current research (DQM method) and FEM, which shows good convergence.

Lallemantia Fisch. et Mey. is one of the most important medicinal plant genera in Iran, which is highly demanded by Iranian people due to its health benefits. This study was aimed at regenerating and domesticating some wild ecotypes of Lallemantia spp. species. The seeds of nine ecotypes from L. royleana (Benth.) Benth., five ecotypes from L. iberica (M.Bieb.) Fisch. & C.A. Mey., and five ecotypes from L. peltata (L.) Fisch. & C.A.Mey. were prepared from the Natural Resources Gene Bank, Iran and planted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the research farm of Qazvin Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Iran in 2018. The studied traits included total plant dry weight, seed yield, plant height, plant canopy diameter, and phenological traits including days to flowering and days to seed ripening. The ANOVA between the species was performed first, then the nested ANOVA between the ecotypes within each species. The means comparison of different traits among the ecotypes within each species was done using the Tukey method. In this study, the ecotypes were divided into three separate clusters based on the cluster analysis and biplot diagram. The cluster1 ecotypes belonging to L. iberica had higher seed yield than the other two ones. In L. iberica, the highest seed weight belonged to the ecotype ‘Azadshahr’ (4.5 g plant-1) with an estimated yield of 375 kg ha-1. Finally, the superior class a ecotypes were identified in terms of seed yield and put in the process of seed propagation and certification.

Today, application of superabsorbent material as plantbac panels to overcome water shortages is considered for improving plant vegetation cover in arid areas. This research was aimed to investigate the effects of plantbac panels on plant establishment and growth of Calligonum comosum L’Herit. in the Kashan Arid and Desert Research Station over three years from 2017 to 2020. The experiment was conducted as a split plot design based on randomized complete blocks in four replications, in which the duration of irrigation (2 and 4 weeks) was considered as the main plot, and the amount of water (10 and 20 liters) and treatment (plantbac and control) as sub subplots. The seedlings were planted in the soils with and without plantbac panels. For each plant, the irrigation was conducted using 10 and 20 l water for two- and four-week intervals. Data were collected and analyzed in terms of plant height, canopy diameter, collar diameter, and survival rate. The results showed that the use of plantback plates increased the examined growth criteria of seedlings. When comparing interactions between treatments, the height, collar diameter and crown diameter of the Plantback treated seedlings showed average 11, 11, and 14.8% superiority to their controls. Furthermore, the interaction effect of irrigation by water consumption was significant for canopy diameter (p < /em> < 0.05), while interaction effect of irrigation by plantbac was significant for plant height (p < /em> < 0.05). The average higher and lower crown diameters of 83 cm and 39 cm were observed by 10 l water in two- and four-week irrigations, respectively.

Zataria multiflora Boiss. (Avishan-e Shirazi), as an Iranian endemic plant, belongs to the Lamiaceae family and may be used as a food preservative. This study aimed to detect potential genotoxic effects of Z. multiflora extract. 

Hydro-alcoholic extract of Z. multiflora was prepared. Human B lymphocytes were treated with 1% extract within 3 and 24 h. Sterile Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) and cisplatin were used as negative and positive controls, respectively. DNA damage profiles were examined using comet assay (Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis). Data were statistically analyzed by SPSS software v. 21.

No statistically significant (p=0.071) DNA damage was observed in B lymphocytes treated with either Z. multiflora extract or PBS after 3 and 24 h. However, there was a statistically significant difference (p=0.0001) between DNA damage in B lymphocytes that treated with cisplatin and Z. multiflora after 3 and 24 h.

The comet assay used in the current study showed that Z. multiflora had no genotoxic effect.

In this paper, control of forced vibration amplitude of a rotating FGM conical shell is studied using FGPM patches. Four piezoelectric patches are placed inner and outer of the shell. In order to obtain the system dynamic equations, the energy method and the classical plate theory are used and simply supported boundary conditions are considered. Each system variable is considered as an expression by separation of variables with variable-time coefficients. Subsequently by substitution the considered responses in the energy functions and finally using the Lagrange equation, the governing equations of the system are obtained. Natural frequencies are compared with the result of previous researches in the case of non-rotating and rotating shell. Also to control vibration, velocity feedback is used so that sensor voltage, which is dependent on the surface, thickness, and location of each sensor, is calculated and used in the actuator voltage. In the following section, control of the system is done for first mode and then convergent system, which in both cases, Closed-loop system well dampens amplitude of forced vibrations.

The genus Nepeta is one of the largest genera in the Lamiaceae family, and Iran is one of the main centers of origin of this genus. The genetic diversity estimation of the genus Nepeta germplasm provides a basis for future biodiversity conservation efforts and also for the selection of high-productive genotype(s) for the field production improvement. In this work, eleven RAPD primers with suitable banding pattern and prominent polymorphism were used for the estimation of infraspecific genetic diversity of N. kotschyi based on 21 populations. The study included 19 and 2 populations belonging to var. persica and var. kotschyi, respectively. Eleven primers amplified totally 225 scorable RAPD loci, 204 of which were polymorphic. The average number of bands per primer was 20.5, 18.5 of which were polymorphic. Primers OPF 05, OPB 15, OPT 14, OPO 07, and OPF 14 were the most powerful for the detection of the genetic diversity across the samples. Cluster analysis showed six genotypic groups. N. kotschyi var. kotschyi populations were placed in a group separated from the samples belonging to N. kotschyi var. persica. The same analysis showed that the genetic diversity pattern corresponds to the geographical distribution of the populations. Of the total variation in the studied germplasm, 32% was related to inter-populations and 68% to intra-populations variation. The results indicated the high potential of RAPD markers to resolve the status of the studied genotypes in regard to inter- and intra-populations diversity and to diversify N. kotschyi varieties previously resolved by morphometric methods.

In this paper, free vibrations of rotating conical shell with smart patches are investigated. Shell is considered as a thin-wall and equations of motion are obtained from the energy method. Patches are in pairs on the inner and outer shell and play role of sensor and actuator in control of the system. Number of these patches are four. Using classical theory, Love strain- displacement relations, stress-strain relations, and guessed answer with known Location functions and unknown time functions, and Lagrange equation, governing equation of motion as ODE are obtained. The benefit of this method is the non-use of Hamilton's principle and get involved in differentiation and partial integrals. Natural frequencies with and without smart patches in two boundary conditions are compared with results of previous studies and then effect of angular velocity, patches area, boundary conditions and non-homogeneous index of both functionally graded material (shell and smart material) on natural frequency are investigated.

In the present study, nonlinear free vibration analysis of bi-directional functionally graded simply supported rectangular plates is investigated analytically for the first time. For this purpose, with the aid of Hamilton’s principle and von Karman nonlinear strain-displacement relations, the partial differential equations of motion are developed. Afterward, the nonlinear partial differential equations are transformed into the time-dependent nonlinear ordinary differential equations by applying the Galerkin method. The nonlinear equation of motion is then solved analytically by the Modified Lindstedt-Poincare method to determine the the plate nonlinear frequencies. The volume fraction distribution is assumed to be continuously graded in both the length and width directions of the plate. Finally, the effects of some system parameters such as the vibration amplitude, FG indexes and aspect ratio on the nonlinear frequency are discussed in detail. To validate the analysis, the results of this paper are compared with both the published data and numerical method, and good agreements are found.

In order to study drought stress tolerance in sainfoin (Onobychis sp.), two factorial experiments were conducted based on completely randomized design under laboratory and greenhouse conditions in Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands,  during 2014-2015. In this study, four species of O. michoxii, O. cristagalli, O. sativa, O. sabnitens were evaluated at four drought treatments (control 0, -0.3, -0.6, -0.9 MPa) in the laboratory and (FC100% field capacity, FC75%, FC50% and FC25%) in the greenhouse. Data collected and analysis for percentage and rate of germination root length, shoot length, seedling length, root/shoot length ratio (RS), seedling fresh and dry weight and seed vigor index. Results showed that in both experiments, by increasing drought stress,  germination percentage and rate, shoot length, seedling length, seedlings fresh and dry weight and vigor index decreased in all species and their lowest values were observed in laboratory (-0.9 MPa stress) and in greenhouse (25% FC). In terms of root length and RS, the trend was reversed. In fact, at stress intensity up to 0.6 MPa, the amount of these traits increased and then consistent or decreased.By comparison, among species in the laboratory, the highest mean values of germination percentage and seedling growth were belonged to O. sabnitens and O. michauxii. Under greenhouse conditions, O.michauxii was more efficient than other species and introduced as a drought resistant species for breeding improved varieties.

In greenhouse experiment, the seed samples of 8 populations of four savory sepecies as: Satureja sahendica, S.bachtiarica , S.khuzistanicaandS.hortensis were treated with cold strafication, after-ripening, physical scarification (sand paper), chemical scarification (Ethylic alcohol 70%) and distilled water (control). The  greenhouse experimental design  were carried out as completelt randomize design with three replications by condition of 25±5°C and light illumination (10000 lux) on day time and 5-12°C during night in greenhouse of  Research Institute of Forest and Range, during 2009-2010. The seed emergence characteristics including: percentage and speed of emergence, length of root and shoot, vigour index, fresh and dry weight were evaluated. Means comparisons were made using Duncan method. Results showed that S.khuzistanica had higer percent and speed of seed emergenation and vigour index than other pecies. The two populations of Khuzistan (S.khuzistanica), and edible savory (S.hortensis) had higher values of percent and speed of emegence and vigour index than other ecotypes. The higher values of seed emergence traits and vigour index of Khuzistan population (S.khuzistanica) were obtained by physical and chemical scarfication (sand-paper and alchol) than other treatments. Therefore, the dormancy of this population was considered as physical dormancy. Seed gemination traits and vigour index of Lorestan population (S.khuzistanica), and Gazvin population (S. sahendica) were improved by cold and after-ripening treatment than other treatments.

This paper attempts to examine the sources of soft power in Iran's general policies sixth program development. The main question is: what is the highest prominence of the Islamic Republic of Iran's soft power resources in the sixth program? To answer the question of quantitative research used content analysis. The research findings show: the political resources, economic and cultural soft power in the general policies of the sixth development programs that interact with each other, the Islamic Republic of Iran's regional status will be upgraded. The most prominent entrepreneurs with the economic resources and authority among the components most frequently associated with knowledge-based economy and resistance, spirituality and core values and comprehensive defense are. Iranian soft power resources in the community damaged and challenges in the areas of economic, scientific, cultural and social that appropriate strategies to overcome obstacles to the implementation of soft power resources Iranian society to be adopted.

Wheat is the most important crops and bread made from in Iranian diet, which contamination of wheat and flour storage in adverse environmental conditions can lead to contamination with toxic fungi particularly aflatoxin producing fungi. The aim of current study was to determine the frequency and type of fungal contaminants in the distributed flours in Yazd bakeries.
In this cross-sectional study, 80 bakerie's flour samples and 20 flour samples of flour producer factories were collected. After measuring their moisture, dilutions from 10-2 to 10-6 of flour samples were cultivated on Saboraud dextrose agar plates and by enumeration of isolated colonies, their genus and species were identified based on macroscopic and microscopic characteristics. Data was analyzed by SPSS software using descriptive statistics such as average and Chi square test. Differences were considered statistically signifi­cant when P A total of 2223 fungal colonies from 11 different genus and species were isolated and identified from samples of flour that only 7% showed fungal contaminations more than allowable cut off points. Penicillium, Cladosporium, Fusarium, Aspergillus flavus, and Aspergillus niger were the most prevalent and Alternaria, Vertisillium, Rhizopus and Fouma showed minimum contamination in studied flour samples in present study.
Results of present study compared with other similar studies indicating a fairly favorable situation in terms of fungal contaminations in the distributed flour in Yazd bakeries.

Aflatoxins are the most common and dangerous mycotoxins produced by species of Aspergillus and penicillium grow on a wide range of human and animal food. This group of mycotoxins has disorder and risks, including the induction of liver cancer. According to disadvantages for several physical and chemical methods, there are recently great deals of interest in the use of herbal extracts for control of fungal growth and aflatoxin contamination on food. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Cinnamomum zeylanicum extract on growth inhibition of aflatoxin-producing Aspergillus flavus on Almond's kernel.
In current experimental lab-trial study almond kernel samples were randomly selected for study. Almond kernel samples were firstly immersed in edible coating containing 3% hydro-alcoholic of Cinnamomum zeylanicum extract and then contaminated with 1×103 aflatoxin producer A. flavus conidial suspensions. The extract's inhibitory properties were evaluated using with enumeration of viable and cultivable fungal conidia on almond washing solutions. Finally MFC and MIC50 values of herbal extracts were measured by preparing of their serial dilutions that contaminated with fungal conidial suspensions using CLSI standard broth dilution method.
In general, the macroscopic observation of Almond kernel treated with edible coating of 3% Cinnamomum zeylanicum extracts showed full control of fungal growth. Statistical T test showed significant differences between the mean isolated colonies from culture of washing solutions from test and control samples (P= 0.0001). The MFC and MIC50 values value for Cinnamomum extract was concentration of 187 and 94 mg/100 respectively.
Results of present study showed that edible coating of Cinnamomum extracts was been effective in controlling of A. flavus colonization on Almond kernels. However, the practical uses of these extracts require more, antimicrobial, toxicology and economic studies.

The Weibull distribution is a very applicable model for the lifetime data. For inference about two Weibull distributions using records, the shape parameters of the distributions are usually considered equal. However, there is not an appropriate method for comparing the shape parameters in the literature. Therefore, comparing the shape parameters of two Weibull distributions is very important. In this paper, we propose a method for constructing confidence interval and testing hypotheses about the ratio and difference of shape parameters using the concept of the generalized p-value and the generalized confidence interval. Simulation studies showed that our method is satisfactory. In the end, a real example is proposed to illustrate this method.

Candidiasisis the most common human opportunistic disease with the prevalence and resistance of etiologic agents being increased as a result of increasing the immunosuppressed diabetics and malignancies. Candida albicans known as the most common agent of disease is one of the human body’s normal floras. The aim of the present study was to evaluate anti-Candida properties of the aerial parts of Ferula assafoatida compared with Fluconazole in vitro. In the current experimental lab-trial study a 35 mg/ml aqueous extracts ofIranian Ferula assafoatida aerial parts were prepared and then used for evaluation of their susceptibility against a standard Candida albicans using broth microdilution method. Different concentrations of this herbal extract and Fluconazole were used for determining the minimum inhibition concentration and killing on Candidasuspensions. Concentrations of 8.75 mg/ml aerial parts of Ferula assafoetida completely inhibited the growth of Candida albicans and killed all viable cells (MFC). Concentrations of 0.273 and 4.4 mg/ml Ferula aqueous extracts were also determined as MIC50 and MIC90. In case of Fluconazole, 128 µg/ml concentrationis determined as MFC and 0.5 µg/ml concentration is also known as MIC50. Results of the current study showed that the aqueous extract of Ferula assafoetida aerial parts has inhibitory and candidacidal effect against Candida albicans and further in vivo studies are suggested.

Denture stomatitis is known as common complications in denture users, caused by adherence and colonization of Candida albicans on denture surfaces. Decontamination of dental prostheses using common chemical disinfectants brings about allergic disorders. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Lawsonia inermis extracts and Sodium hypochlorite for disinfection of resin acryl plaques, which experimentally contaminated with C. albican. In present experimental study 100 square shape, 10×10×1 mm acrylic resin plates were inoculated in C. albicans suspension. The average number of Candida cells which adhered to 12 randomly selected acryl resin plates was firstly determined and 88 remaining plates were divided in 4 groups that were immersed for 8 hours in 500mg/100cc lawsonia inermis extracts 2% Sodium Hypochlorite as test groups, and 100000 IU Nystatin and distilled water as positive and negative control groups respectively. The Candida removing ability of 2 disinfectants and the control groups was assessed by comparing the number of colony forming units per 1 ml of the plates washing solution cultivated on Sabouraud dextrose agar plates before and after the removing protocol. Data was analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. There was seen a statistically significant differences in average viable C. albicans cells isolated from acryl resin plates before and after disinfection with lawsonia inermis extract, Sodium hypochlorite and Nystatin (P=0.0001). Sodium hypochlorite reduced 100% of attached Candida on the rein acryl plates; Lawsonia inermis extract more than 80% and only less than 25% by distilled water. According to present results, it seems that lawsonia inermis extracts, which is inexpensive and without any side effects, it can be suggested for controlling of Candida biofilm and prevention of denture stomatitis.

With increasing usage of orthodontic treatments، disinfection of orthodontic appliances and rings is critical for maintaining dental and oral health. Using chemical disinfectants may cause allergic and mucosal disorders. The present study aimed to evaluate Zatariamultiflora essence and to compare it withChlorhexidine (0. 2%) mouth wash in controlling experimental plaque from Streptococcus mutant. In the current experimental study، 48 Iranian orthodontic rings were immersed in 1×108 CFU/ml Streptococcus mutant suspension. Firstly، Bacterial load on 12 rings was evaluated and then remained rings were randomly divided into 3 groups. They weredecontaminated respectivelyin 0. 5mg/100cc Zataria essence، 0. 02% Chlorhexidine and sterile distilled water (negative control). Finally the stability rate of Streptococcus mutantviable cells remained on rings was enumerated using culture. Moreover، they were analyzed via SPSS software. Mann-Whitney test showed a statistically significant differences between mean streptococcus viable cells isolated from the contaminated rings before and after decontamination with Zataria essence and Chlorhexidine (P=0. 0001)، whereas this reduction wasn’t significant in negative control group (P=0. 089). In addition، any statistically significant differences were not observed between zataria essence and Chlorhexidinemouth washes in controlling bacterial plaque (p=0. 058). Since Zatariamultiflora essence solution was proved to be effectivein controlling microbial biofilm on orthodontic rings compared toChlorhexidine،it can be used in further in vivo studies. If the same useful results would be given، it can be regarded fruitful for decontamination of orthodontic appliances.

Previous studies show that swimming in pools which are not well managed، can transmit infections. So there is still concern that swimmers by contacting with water and swimming pool environment could be affected by fungal diseases. So this study aimed to determine the amount of fungal contamination in indoor pools of Yazd in 2011. In this study، all the indoor swimming pools of Yazd (12 pools) during the spring and summer of 2011 in terms of fungal contamination were studied. To determine fungal contamination of the sample، a sterile carpet collection method was used. Sixty samples from different environmental surfaces in each pool (shower، dressing room surface، the chair and sit in the sauna، bath، platforms، around the pool)، 5 areas on average from each pool and to tally about 720 samples from all pools were tested for separation of bacterial contamination. Results of the present study showed that from all the 720 cultivated samples، 495 samples (68. 8%) were positive for one or more fungal contamination including 443 mould saprophyte (89. 5%)، 48 yeast saprophyte (9. 7%) and 4 dermatophyte pathogenic fungi (0/8%). Most fungal species were isolated from showers، dressing area، sauna and pool''s peripheral area. According to the results of this study، it is necessary to pay more attention to sanitation and disinfection of water and environment around swimming pools. Also necessary actions and educations on disinfection and eliminating contamination have to given to the pools authorities.

Denture stomatitis is a common inflammatory complication of the candidiasis seen under the maxillary denture، which is observed in 70% of cases following a chronic trauma. Candidia species particularly Candida albicans are known as one of endogenous etiologic agent of denture stomatitis that may cause systemic opportunistic infection in immunosupressed subjects. The aim of present study was to determine frequency of oral candidiasis in patients with complete denture referring to Yazd dentistry school. Totally 109 patients with denture referring to Yazd School of Dentistry were participated in the current cross-sectional descriptive study. The designed questionnaire was first completed and then the clinical assessment was carried out by the oral disease specialist in dental unit. Sample was collected from the oral mucosa and used for a direct smear and culture and finally the results were analyzed by using SPSS 13 soft ware. There wasn''t any statistical significant differences between the Colonization of Candida on denture and sex (P=0. 32). Statistical data showed a higher colonization of Candida albicans on the oral mucosal surface of denture users with oral disorder compared with denture users without oral complication (P=0. 002). Tongue and maxillary denture showed the highest Candida colonization in current study. Results of current study confirmed the major role of Candida in the incidence of denture stomatitis. The oral and denture hygiene and disinfection of denture can decrease Candida colonization and oral candidiasis in denture users.

The effect of rotating speed and stiffeners on vibrations for composite rotors is investigated using Sander's shell theory. The frequency equation is derived implementing the Rayleigh-Ritz procedure based on energy method. The effects of initial hoop tension, centrifugal and Coriolis forces due to the rotation are considered to derive governing equation. The displacement functions satisfying the both ends simply supported boundary conditions are assumed to be trigonometric expressions. By using simple shell theory like as Sander's shell theory the amount of equations and time expenditure are considerably reduced and provides feasible analysis, solution and design especially for composite materials optimization. UD composite materials are used for stiffeners. The effects of these stiffeners are evaluated by an averaging method. Some of stiffeners shapes are considered to optimize the ratio of natural frequency to weight.