فهرست مطالب aazam mirheidari

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of replacement alfalfa hay with different levels of pistachio by product (PB). In the first experiment, the effects of replacement alfalfa hay with levels of 0, 25, 50 and 75% of PB on rumen fermentation parameters after 24h of incubation were investigated with four treatments and three replications. Second experiment was designed to evaluate effect of diets contained of different levels of PB on dry matter intake (DMI), crude protein intake (CPI), average daily gain (ADG) of twenty twin bearing goat and their kids. Goats with a mean weight of 33.4 ± 2.69 kg feed over an 84-days period experimental diets with a ratio of 80% hay and 20% concentrate. Data from both experiments were analyzed in a completely randomized design. At 50 and 75% of PB replacement level, chemical composition and phenolic compound of experiment diet respectively were decreased and increased in comparison with control and diet contains25%ofPB (P<0.001). Gas production and estimated parameters after 24h of incubation were decreased linearly by replacement levels of 50 and 75% of PB (P<0.001). Partitioning factor (PF) was significantly increased at 50 and 75% of PB replacement level in comparison to other groups (P<0.001). DMI, CPI, ADG of goats and their kids were decreased linearly by replacement levels of 50 and 75% of PB (P<0.001).In general, replacement of alfalfa hay with levels of 25% of PB had no adverse effects on rumen fermentation parameters of goats and daily gain of their kids, however, levels more than 25% had adverse effects on the mentioned parameters.

Two experiments were conducted to assess the addition of pistachio by-product biochar (PBB) to lactatingewes’ diet. In first experiment, the effects of the addition of different levels (0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5% diet on dry matter basis, DM) of PBB on rumen fermentation parameters after 24h of incubation were investigated in a completely randomized design with four treatments and three replications. Second experiment was designed to evaluate effect of feeding selected level ofPBB on performance and nutrient digestibility of 8 lactatingKermanian ewes in a Latin square change-over designwith two 21-day periods. Methane production and ammonia-N concentrations decreased linearly (P<0.01), and pH increased linearly (P<0.01) as the dietary level of PBB raised. With the addition of 1% PBB to the lactating ewes’ diet, milk yield, blood glucose, digestibility of DM increased(P<0.05) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) decreased (P<0.05)compared to control group.In general, adding 1% of PBB to lactatingewes’ diet can improve milk yield and digestibility of DM.