فهرست مطالب نویسنده:
abbas ali omidi
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Background
Gastric cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. The identification of gastric cancer subtypes related to recognizable microbial agents may play a pivotal role in the targeted prevention and treatment of this cancer. The current study is conducted to define the frequency of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection in gastric cancers of four major provinces, with different incidence rates of gastric cancers, in Iran.
MethodsParaffin blocks of 682 cases of various types of gastric cancer from Tehran, South and North areas of Iran were collected. Twelve tissue microarray (TMA) blocks were constructed from these blocks. Localization of EBV in tumors was assessed by in situ hybridization (ISH) for EBV-encoded RNA (EBER). Chi-squared test was used to evaluate the statistical significance between EBV-associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC) and clinicopathologic tumor characteristics.
ResultsFourteen out of 682 cases (2.1%) of gastric adenocarcinoma were EBER-positive. EBER was positive in 8 out of 22 (36.4%) of medullary carcinomas and 6 out of 660 (0.9%) of non-medullary type, which was a statistically significant difference (P<0.001). The EBVaGCs were more frequent in younger age (P=0.009) and also showed a trend toward the lower stage of the tumor (P=0.075).
ConclusionEBV-associated gastric adenocarcinoma has a low prevalence in Iran. This finding can be due to epidemiologic differences in risk factors and exposures, and the low number of gastric medullary carcinomas in the population. It may also be related to gastric tumor heterogeneity not detected with the TMA technique.
Keywords: Gastric Cancer, Epstein-Barr Virus, Iran, Tissue Microarray -
Background & Objective
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and uniformly fatal interstitial lung disease with incompletely understood pathogenesis. Several studies have given the evidence for and against viral cofactors in the pathogenesis of Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. In this study Epstein-Bar Virus (EBV) and Human Herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) have been studied for a possible role in the pathogenesis of IPF.
MethodsPolymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed for the detection of EBV and HHV-8 in 58 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded lung tissue specimens (29 controls and 29 IPF specimens).
ResultsEBV DNA was present in the lung tissue of 6 out of 29 (20.7%) IPF specimens compared with 1 out of 29 (3.4%) controls (P=0.102). The HHV-8 gene was identified in 3 out of 29 (10.3%) cases of IPF specimens. The control group showed no evidence of HHV-8 gene (P=0.227).
ConclusionAlthough multiple studies are strongly suggestive of a role for EBV and HHV-8 in the development of IPF, there was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of EBV and HHV-8 DNA in the IPF specimens and controls in this study.
Keywords: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis_Epstein - Barr virus_Human herpesvirus 8_Polymerase chain reaction -
Background and ObjectiveThe histologic distinction of small cell from non-small cell lung carcinoma and correct identification of all subtypes of lung carcinoma are very important in treatment management. The main method for histologic classification of lung tumors is based on morphology. However, in small bronchoscopic biopsies in particular, distinction is very difficult upon morphology alone. The current study aimed at evaluating the utility of a panel of antibodies, consisting of thyroid transcription factor (TTF-1), P63, high molecular weight keratin [HMWK (34βE12)], cytokeratin (CK7), and cluster of differentiation (CD56) for accurate distinction of bronchogenic carcinomas.MethodsBronchoscopic biopsies of 60 lung carcinoma cases including 20 small cell carcinomas, 20 adenocarcinomas, and 20 squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) with typical morphologic features were selected. All these cases were immunohistochemically stained for TTF-1, P63, HMWK (34βE12), CK7, and CD56. All immunostained slides were scored as either positive or negative.ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 60 years; ranged from 35 to 81. Sixteen patients were female and 44 were male. All adenocarcinomas were positive for CK7 and most of them (18/20; 90%) were positive for TTF-1. Most of small cell lung carcinomas were positive for TTF-1 (17/20; 85%), and CD56 (18/20; 90%). All squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) were negative for TTF-1, but most of them were positive for HMWK (34βE12) and P63.ConclusionThe obtained data showed that TTF-1, P63, CK7, CD56 and/or 34βE12 represent a useful panel of antibodies to identify lung carcinoma subtypes in small bronchoscopic biopsies.Keywords: Immunohistochemistry, TTF1, P63, HMWK [34βE12], CK7, CD56, lung carcinoma
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Primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) is an uncommon malignancy of bone and soft tissue witch rarely occurs in the kidney. In more than 90% of the cases, the tumor cells relieves a balanced translocation (11; 22) (q24; q12). Immunohistochemical staining may be required for diagnosis of PNET. The cells of tumor express CD99, vimentin, NSE, FL1 but do not express Ck, LCA, myogenin, and WT1. We present a 36-year –old female with left –side tender abdominal swelling, and history of trauma to abdominal. CT imaging confirmed a huge solid mass of kidney, also extending into renal pelvis. Histological section of the lesion showed a malignant proliferation of small round cells in rosette-like pattern with foci of necrosis area. Tumor cells expressed high level of CD 99 antigen. The diagnosis of the lesion was primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET). Following-up after 6 months showed no recurrenceKeywords: Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor, Kidney, Iran
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IntroductionMyxofibrosarcoma was originally described as the myxoid variant of Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma (MFH), a high-grade and aggressive sarcoma, which is very uncommon in the head and neck region, with about 100 cases reported up to now. MFH occurring in the maxillary sinus is so rare that only 23 cases have been reported. We hereby report a case of myxofibrosarcoma in the maxillary sinus. Case Report:The case was a 54-year-old male with symptoms of toothache in the right posterior maxillary teeth, a swelling adjacent to maxillary molar region and symptoms of chronic maxillary sinusitis. In clinical examination, the teeth were sensitive to percussion and palpation, but no caries and restoration was detected on his molar teeth. He was suffering from local pain and tenderness over his midface and mild fever, fatigue and some nonspecific vague pain. CT scan showed a mass lesion involving right nasal cavity, maxillary and ethmoidal sinuses. A low-grade malignancy arising from the right maxillary sinus was highly suspected. A surgery was done to remove the mass. The histological and immunohistochemical studies proved the diagnosis of myxoid variant of Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma. Therefore radiotherapy and chemotherapy was started for the patient but six months later the symptoms returned and CT scan showed a right maxillary and ethmoidal mass that extended to base of the skull. Maxillectomy and ethmoidectomy were performed for the patient, but 2 months later he died because of the extension of the tumor, which confirmed the necessity of early diagnosis.
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Background And ObjectivesAdenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), the most common malignant tumor of submandibular and minor salivary glands, is characterized by a high rate of local recurrence and distant hematogenous metastasis and tendency to invade peripheral nerves. In spite of radiotherapy and surgical treatment, the long-term prognosis is dismal. Today, many studies are being conducted using the immunohistochemical markers to help in the evaluation of ACC prognosis. The present investigation was performed to survey immunohistochemically HER2/neu over expression in adenoid cystic carcinoma of salivary glands.Materials And MethodsThe 24 existing samples of formalin-fixed paraffin embedded specimen were stained with HER2/neu markers. Tumors with moderate (2+) to strong (3+) complete membrane staining in at least 10% of the tumor cells were scored as positive for over expression.ResultsThe overall frequency of over expression for HER2/neu was 45.8% and 11 specimen were positive for HER2/neu expression. A significant relationship was found between HER2/neu over expression and grade of ACC. No significant relationship was detected between immunostaining of HER2/neu and histologic pattern.ConclusionHER2/neu immunostaining might be reliable and useful for evaluation of ACC prognosis
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Cantrell's pentalogy (CP), a rare congenital malformation, consists of the supraumbilical abdominal wall defect, the sterna lower part defect and agenesis of the anterior portion of the diaphragm, an absence of the diaphragmatic part of the pericardium, and a malformation of cardia. This case report presents a female neonate, who was born at 32 weeks of conception, weighing 1300 g and was admitted one hour after delivery. She had the five anatomical defects known for Cantrell's Pentalogy. Moreover, autopsy revealed a bilateral cleft lip and palate, a patent ductus arteriosus, and an atrial and ventricular septal defect.
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زمینه و هدفتتراکلرید کربن به عنوان یک سم مرجع کبدی در مسمومیت حاد و مزمن خود باعث ایجادنکروز، تغییر چربی، سیروز و کانسر کبدی می شود. سیلای مارین مجموعه ای از سه فلاونولیگنان موجود در گیاه خارمریم (Silybum marianum) دارای آثار هپاتوپروتکتیو و آنتی هپاتوتوکسیک می باشد. این مطالعه به منظور تعیین اثرات درمانی حفاظتی سیلای مارین در سمیت حاد کبدی CCL4 در موش انجام گردید.روش بررسیاین مطالعه تجربی در دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد طی سال 1383 انجام پذیرفت. پس از بررسی های مقدماتی، دوز mL/kg 25 تتراکلرید کربن (در حلال Mineral Oil) به عنوان دوز مناسب انتخاب گردید. روند هپاتوتوکسیسته ناشی از تزریق داخل صفاقی تک دوز آن به منظور ارزیابی و به دست آوردن متغیرهای لازم برای سنجش میزان سمیت و درمان مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. با توجه به نتایج آنزیمی (افزایش فعالیت AST و ALT) و هیستوپاتولوژی (بررسی و درجه بندی عوارض پاتولوژیک CCl4 در بافت کبد به شکل گرانولاسیون سیتوپلاسم، تورم ابری شکل، نکروز و تغییر چربی) زمان های تجویز سیلای مارین و نمونه گیری مشخص گردید. سیلای مارین به شکل سوسپانسیون در حامل CMC2درصد پروپیلن گلایکول (به نسبت 3 به 2) با دوزهای 50، 200 و 800 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم در زمان های مختلف تجویز و نمونه های سرمی و کبدی تهیه شد. گروه کنترل منفی، حامل سیلای مارین در برابر حلال CCl4، گروه کنترل دارو، دوزmg/kg 800 سیلای مارین در برابر حلال CCl4 و گروه کنترل مثبت، حامل سیلای مارین در برابر CCl4 را دریافت نمود.یافته هااین مطالعه مداخله ای در دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد طی سال 1383 انجام پذیرفت. پس از بررسی های مقدماتی، دوز mL/kg 25 تتراکلرید کربن (در حلال Mineral Oil) به عنوان دوز مناسب انتخاب گردید. روند هپاتوتوکسیسته ناشی از تزریق داخل صفاقی تک دوز آن به منظور ارزیابی و به دست آوردن متغیرهای لازم برای سنجش میزان سمیت و درمان مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. با توجه به نتایج آنزیمی (افزایش فعالیت AST و ALT) و هیستوپاتولوژی (بررسی و درجه بندی عوارض پاتولوژیک CCl4 در بافت کبد به شکل گرانولاسیون سیتوپلاسم، تورم ابری شکل، نکروز و تغییر چربی) زمان های تجویز سیلای مارین و نمونه گیری مشخص گردید. سیلای مارین به شکل سوسپانسیون در حامل CMC2درصد پروپیلن گلایکول (به نسبت 3 به 2) با دوزهای 50، 200 و 800 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم در زمان های مختلف تجویز و نمونه های سرمی و کبدی تهیه شد. گروه کنترل منفی، حامل سیلای مارین در برابر حلال CCl4، گروه کنترل دارو، دوزmg/kg 800 سیلای مارین در برابر حلال CCl4 و گروه کنترل مثبت، حامل سیلای مارین در برابر CCl4 را دریافت نمود.نتیجه گیریاین تحقیق نشان می دهد که تجویز سیلای مارین با دوز mg/kg 50 تا 6ساعت پس از تزریق CCl4 به نحو قابل توجهی از پیشرفت هپاتوتوکسیته جلوگیری نموده و موجب تسریع بهبودی ضایعات می شود.
کلید واژگان: سیلای مارین, تتراکلریدکربن, مسمومیت کبدیBackground and ObjectiveTetra Carbon Cholride has been known as reference hepatotoxin because it can cause necrosis, fatty change, cirrhosis and cancer liver. Silymarin has hepatoprotective and anti hepatoxin effect. This study was done to determine the protective effect of Silymarin in acute hepatotoxicity of CCl4 in rats.Materials and MethodsIn this experimental study, we chose 25ml/kg dose of CCl4 (in mineral oil solvent) as an optimum dose. The hepatotoxic effects of intraperiotoneal injection of CCl4 for obtaining parameters of toxicity and therapeutic effects have been examined. According to enzymatic results (increase in ALT and AST) and histopathologic changes (grading the changes in liver including cytoplasmic granularity, cloudy swelling, necrosis and fatty change), the interval between prescribing silymarin and sampling was determined. Silymarin as a suspension in propylene glycol CMC 2% (3/2 ratio) has been prescribed in 50, 200 and 800mg/kg doses and serum and liver samples were obtained. Negative control group received silymarin vehicle in CCl4 solvent, drug control received 800 mg/kg of silymarin in CCl4 solvent and positive control received silymarin vehicle after injecting CCl4.ResultsThe results showed that prescribing 50mg/kg silymarin one hour after injecting CCl4, in addition to inhibiting transaminase activity, prevents progress of liver injury up to 50% of positive control group. Cellular repair and regeneration are also enhanced, So the grade 3necrosis in positive control group is decreased to grade 0.5 in silymarin gourp in 48 hours prescribing silymarin (50mg/kg).ConclusionThis study showed that up to six hours after injecting CCl4 significantly prevents hepatotoxicity, and cause acceleration in repair of liver injuries.Keywords: Silymarin, CCl4, Hepatotoxicity -
ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare the sensitivity and specificity of Acid fast and Auramine-Rhodamine staining and Multiplex PCR for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosiscomplex and non tuberculosis Mycobacteria on formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues (FFPE).Materials And MethodsForty cases of FFPE pleural and bronchial tissue with chronic granulomatous inflammation and caseous necrosis and 10 cases with bronchogenic carcinoma as controls were investigated. We designed a Multiplex PCR DNA amplification method with two targets: 123bp DNA fragment from IS6110, which is present only in mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and 162bp DNA encoding Ag 85complex which is present in all of mycobacteria. The FFPE also stained by Acid fast and Rhodamine-Auramine staining method.ResultsIn 26 samples (65%) 123 bp and 162 bp DNA fragments were detected together (12 in bronchial samples and 14 in pleural samples).The 162 bp fragment wasn''t detected alone. The sensitivity of PCR was 65% and the specificity was 100%. Eleven cases were positive for Acid fast staining. There was 27.5% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Thirteen cases were positive for Auramine-Rhodamine staining (A-R-S); there was 32.5% sensitivity and 100% specificity. All of the 10 controls were negative for 123 bp, 162 bp DNA fragments, for Acid fast and Auramine-Rhodamine staining.ConclusionMultiplex PCR is a sensitive, specific and rapid method for detection of M. tuberculosis in FFPE tissues.
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Pulmonary manifestations of ulcerative colitis have been well recognized, but incidence of bronchiectasis is rare, particularly in children.In this study, a 16-year old girl is presented with rectorrhagy and abdominal cramp, who developed pulmonary symptoms as productive cough and dyspnea after a short period of time. Arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis showed hypoxia and hypercapnea. Chest x- ray and high resolution computerized tomography (HRCT) demonstrated honey comb pattern and changes indicating bronchiectasis in lower segments of both lungs.Ulcerative colitis pattern was present in rectosigmoid biopsy. Open lung biopsy was performed to achieve definite diagnosis.Pathologic findings along with clinical and radiological presentations revealed a bronchiectatic pattern.The patient underwent treatment with bronchodilators, sulfasalazine and prednisolone; consequently, the symptoms were relieved. (Tanaffos 2005; 4(14): 71-74)
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