abbas mirzakhani

The effects of foliar application of potassium silicate and inoculation with mycorrhiza on alleviating the effects of drought stress on Matthiola incana plants were explored in a split-split-plot experiment based on a completely randomized design with three replications in Perndis Greenhouse Complex during 2019-2020. The main plot was assigned to drought stress at three levels (25%, 50%, and 70% FC), and the sub-plot was assigned to inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) at two levels (0 and 200 g of fungi per pot), and the sub-sub-plot was assigned to potassium silicate (PS) at three levels (0, 200, and 400 ppm). The results showed that at moderate drought stress (50% FC), stem dry weight was increased by about 20% compared to the control. The maximum root length (13.9 cm), which was about 53% higher than that of the control, was recorded in AMF-inoculated plants exposed to moderate drought stress and sprayed with 400 ppm SP. The results also showed that the foliar application of 400 ppm PS in the absence of AMF inoculation was related to 46% higher leaf dry weight than the treatments of 0 ppm SP with no AMF inoculation. The highest number of flowers in all drought stress levels was obtained from the application of the higher levels of PS. The maximum root dry weight was observed in AMF-inoculated plants exposed to moderate drought stress and treated with 400 ppm SP. Proline content was reduced by the application of 200 g of AMF and 400 ppm of PS at moderate and severe (25% FC) drought stress levels. In general, at moderate and severe drought stress levels, some vegetative and reproductive traits were improved by the foliar application of 400 ppm PS and AMF inoculation.

Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) is one of the most important horticultural products that are grown in different parts of Iran and has high nutritional values. In this study, the genetic diversity of cultivars and genotypes of some vineyards of Markazi province were investigated for the preliminary selection of superior cultivars and genotypes in terms of morphological and fruit characteristics for use in grape breeding programs.

  For this purpose, grouping and comparing 84 grape cultivars and genotypes were carried out using 70 traits including phenological and vegetative traits, trichome and stomata, bunch and berry traits.

Based on the results, the “Sahebi Hazaveh” cultivar with 1000.17 g had highest an average bunch weight to compare other cultivars and genotypes.  Results showed that, some traits such as bunch weight, bunch shoulders, fresh weight, rachis weight, the ratio of bunch weight to peduncle weight, the ratio of rachis weight to bunch weight, dry weight of bunch shoulders, length of the tail of bunch, berry weight, pedicel weight, seed weight and length of seed had a high coefficient of variation. Factor analysis reduced the evaluated traits to 10 main factors showed that they justified 78.38% of the total variance. Cluster analysis divided cultivars and genotypes into 4 main groups at five Euclidean distances. Limitations: No limitations were encountered.

Originality/Value: 

This study indicated that grapes germplasm resources in zone are of noticeable diversities and can be promising for the utilization in the breeding programs. Based on the results, cultivars and genotypes of “Khalili Khondab” region, “Yaghouti”, “Sahebi”, “Fakhri”, “Kharvand” and “Kondori” Hazaveh region and “Sahebi” Aghbolagh region in leafing time, late flowering, sugar percentage, bunch and berry characteristics, stomatal density, standing and lying trichome density in leaves were superior to other cultivars and genotypes.

Snowflake is an ornamental-medicinal plant species native to the North of Iran. The production of this plant outside its natural habitat was studied in two separate experiments including (i) Seed propagation by the seeds primed with a temperature of 4 ºC, 24 ºC, or 27 ºC, gibberellic acid (GA) at a rate of 50 or 100 mg L-1, and KNO3 at a rate of 0.1% or 0.2 % and (ii) Propagation by the bulbs forced at a temperature of 4 ºC, 24 ºC, or 27 ºC for 8 weeks, 4 ºC for 4 weeks + 27 ºC for 4 weeks, or 27ºC for 4 weeks + 4ºC for 4 weeks. The results of seed priming showed that the seeds treated with 4ºC or 27ºC did not germinate. The best treatment for increasing germination percentage, germination rate, seedling length, and seedling length vigor was 100 mg L-1 GA. Among the treatments that led to seed germination, the lowest values of the recorded traits were related to the seeds treated with 24 ºC and 0.2 % KNO3. The results of bulb forcing revealed that the treatment of the dormant bulbs with 4 ºC for 8 weeks was not appropriate for their flowering. The highest number of flowers (2.66 flowers), flower diameter (21.70 mm), days from bulb planting to flowering termination (149.5 days), and leaf number (6 leaves) were related to the bulbs treated with 27 ºC for 8 weeks, but this treatment had the longest time to bud emergence (117.5 days), so it is not a good treatment for bulb forcing although it performed the best in terms of flower and leaf number, flower diameter, and the number of days from bulb planting to flowering termination. The shortest time to bud emergence (78.3 days) was obtained from the bulbs treated with 27 ºC for 4 weeks + 4 ºC for 4 weeks. So, this is recommended for snowflake forcing.

This research was conducted as completely randomozed design including two experiments for the first time. The effects of four levels of chitosan (0% plus 2% sucrose, 0.05% plus 2% sucrose, 0.1% plus 2% sucrose and 0.2% plus 2% sucrose), 2% acetic acid plus 2% sucrose and distilled water (control) as presevative solution method was investigated on some qualitative and physiological characteristics of anthurium cut flower in the first experiment. In the secound experiment, the effects of three levels of chitosan (0.05% plus 2% sucrose, 0.1% plus 2% sucrose and 0.2% plus 2% sucrose), acetic acid plus 2% sucrose and distilled water (control) as spray method was evaluated. Results showed that the maximum vase life was observed by chitosan treatments 0.2% plus 2% sucrose in two methods. 0.2% chitosan plus 2% sucrose treatments as preservative solution increased vase life more than 2.5 folds (50 days) in comparison with control. In spray method, vase life enhanced two folds (35 days) in compared with the control, too. The maximum and minimum ion leakage was obtained in acetic acid plus 2% sucrose and 0.2% chitosan plus 2% sucrose treatments in preservative solution method, respectively. In addition, the highest and lowest ion leakage was observed in 2% sucrose and 0.1 and/or 0.2% plus 2% sucrose chitosan treatments in spray method, respectively. In conclusion, in according to environmentally friendly of chitosan the application this compound for extending vase life of anthurium cut flowers are suggested.

In order to investigate the application effects of different levels of benzyl adenine ( BA) and 1-methylcyclopropene (1-Mcp) on some bio-chemical characteristics and vase life of rose (Rosa hybrid L. cv. Royal Bacara),an experiment was carried out as factorial based on completely randomized design with three replications during 2017. Experimental factors included BA in three levels of 0, 75, and 150 ppm, and 1-Mcp in three concentrations of 0, 1, and 2 (µlit.lit). The results showed that the interaction of BA and 1-Mcp was significant on the biochemical characteristics and the vase life of roses.The highest antioxidant rate SOD, K and vase life in the treatment of 150 ppm BAalong with 2 µlit/lit 1-Mcp was achieved. This treatment was allocated the lowest rate MDA, DT and Ec. This results indicated that BA and 1-Mcp have effect on durability of rose.In general, the result showed that application of 1 or 2 µlit/lit 1-Mcp along with150 ppm AB was improve some physiological and biochemical characteristics and vase life ofrose cut flower.

In the commercial production of roses, introducing a method to reduce the time of propagation with maximum success is crucial. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different concentrations (0, 1500, 3000, 4500 mg/L) of Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) on propagation of three cultivars of Rosa hybrid L. ('Dolce Vita', 'Samurai' and 'Utopia') by stenting (simultaneous cutting and grafting) method under greenhouse conditions. The cultivars were grafted onto Rosa hybrida L. 'Natal Briar' rootstock. The factorial experiment was performed in a completely randomized design with three replications. The stentings were cultured in coco peat and perlite medium at 1:2 ratio in a greenhouse under mist system. After 60 days, the percentage of grafting, rooting percentage, root number, longest root length and fresh and dry weights of roots and shoot traits (including leaf number, shoot number, and longest shoot length) were determined on the stentings. The highest rate of rooting in Dolce Vita cultivar was obtained at 1500 mg/L IBA and in Samurai and Utopia cultivars at 4500 mg/L IBA. Among the three cultivars of roses, highest percentage of rooting (93.75%), healing percentage (93.75%), root length (12.47 cm), fresh weight (0.84 g) and dry weight (0.07 g) of roots were observed in stentings treated with 4500 mg/L of IBA in Rosa hybrida L. cv. Samurai. Interaction between IBA concentrations and cultivars on chlorophyll (a, b and total) and carotenoid contents were significant in all the three cultivars of roses.

This experiment was carried out based on a completely randomized design with three replications and two factors by applying a type of bed (manure, manure plus superabsorbents nanocamposite and vermicompost plus superabsorbents nanocamposite) and irrigation period (no stress, 5-day and 10-day) in the farm. Shoot and root height, fresh and dry weight, chlorophyll content, root penetration depth, carbohydrate, chlorophyll, prolin, carotenoid and ion leakage cnotents were measured in this experiment. The results showed that the bed containing nanocomposite superabsorbent was significant on fresh weight, dry weight and root penetration depth. The effects of irrigation period were significant on fresh weight, dry weight, root penetration depth, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll, carbohydrate, electrolyte leakage and quality (NTEP). The quality was maintained in five-day irrigation period. The interaction between bed and the irrigation period was significant for proline and Chlorophyll which indicating the tolerance of five-day irrigation period in the bed containing superabsorbents nanocomposites.

This experiment was conducted in National Institute of Ornamental Plants for extending vase life of Anturium andranum cv. Climax cut flowers. Experiment was done based on Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications and three cut flowers per replicate. Treatments included Volk oil emulsion wax coating (10, 20 and 30 percent), Thyme oil (100, 150 and 250 ppm), Salicylic acid (200, 400 and 600 ppm) and Aloe vera gel as wax coating (2.5, 5 and 7.5 percent). Sucrose (5 percent) was added to all of the treatments. After treatments some quantitative and qualitative traits were measured. Results showed that vase life of cut flowers increased significantly in volk oil wax coating 10 percent (27.33 days) than control (17.88 days), the lowest vase life was found with Thyme oil treatment. The flowers which treated with 2.5 percent of Aloe vera gel had the highest solution uptake than control. Treatment with thyme oil of 150 ppm caused the highest ion leakage (69.5 percent) compared to the others. The lowest ion leakage (10.71 percent) was obtained in Aloe vera gel treatment of 7.5 percent.