فهرست مطالب abdolah golkari

Methanol is one of the four basic chemicals that is used beside ethylene, propylene and ammonia to produce other chemicals. Industrial production of methanol is dependent on synthesis gas (a mixture of CO, H2 and CO2). One of the approaches of producing hydrogen from renewable and organic sources is green hydrogen, and researches in this field is being developed as a renewable fuel. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a greenhouse gas and the main reason of global climate change, which is being studied and recycled to valuable products and fuels. Methanol production is one of method for decreasing CO2. In this study, using an experimental method of nano-photocatalyst and UV light (renewable method), synthesis gas by combining water and hydrocarbons was produced. Experimental results show that with the degradation of 85.3% of hydrocarbons in water, the efficiency of titanium oxide-based copper chromate nano-photocatalyst in the production of synthesized gas is about 14% higher than that of titanium oxide nano-photocatalyst. In addition, the crystalline phase and material structure, morphology and chemical composition were tested and analyzed using the measurements of XRD, SEM/EDS, TEM/EDS and XPS. This catalytic technique can be important in producing a clean fuel due to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and environmental effects. One of the applications of methanol in MTBE feed is to increase the octane number of gasoline. It is also proposed, with the reduction of methanol prices in the global market in the future and the growing importance of environmental issues, through appropriate incentives, efforts should be made to invest in the conversion of methanol to propylene.

To provide supplementary oil recovery after the primary and secondary processes, enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques are introduced. Carbonated water injection (CWI) as an EOR method can improve sweep efficiency and the risk of gas leakage. On the other hand, the interfacial tension (IFT) is one of the key factors which can affect fluid displacement during the process of CWI greatly. Therefore, the analysis of the IFT on an oil-carbonated water-CO2 system is vital. In this paper, the interfacial interactions of binary systems of asphaltenic crude oil (ACO), carbon dioxide (CO2), and carbonated water (CW) at different pressures and at two temperatures of 40 °C and 50 °C and their effects on the oil spreading in the water phase in the presence of gas are experimentally investigated. The IFT measurements were performed by axisymmetric drop shape analysis (ADSA) technique for the pendant/rising oil drop case. It is found out that the equilibrium interfacial tension (EIFT) of the two systems of crude oil-CO2 and water-CO2 is reduced almost linearly with pressure but increased with temperature. Moreover, the pressure has an increasing and decreasing effect on the water-oil and CW-oil IFT’s respectively. However, temperature has a reverse effect for the both systems. Spreading coefficient (SC) concept would help better understand the oil recovery mechanisms and potential. The results show that SC curve has a minimum point value as a specific pressure, which increases with temperature. The presence of CO2 in the water phase could strongly affect the oil spreading phenomenon through which oil recovery could be significantly enhanced.