فهرست مطالب abdollah moradi

In the anarchic structure ruling the international system, which lacks a central authority to prevent aggression, the first goal of countries is to maintain national security. Therefore, the most important goal of the Islamic Republic of Iran''''s foreign policy is to provide national security. The purpose of writing this article is to provide a strategic model for providing national security in foreign policy by using the thoughts of Imam Khomeini (RA) and the Supreme Leader "Madazla-ul-Ali", management documents, past experiences and also the experiences of other countries. The current research is of an applied-developmental type and a uses qualitative and exploratory content analysis method. Sampling is purposeful and uses judgmental-relative method. The statistical sample consisted of 60 experts and elites in the field of national security and foreign policy. The content analysis method was used to analyze the views of Imam Khomeini (RA) and the Supreme Leader "Madazla-ul-Ali" and also to extract the approaches of management documents. Dimensions, components and indicators were extracted through the data based tool. According to the results of the analysis, the highest rank of the average impact was the cultural dimension and the last rank was the environmental dimension. The pattern along with its dimensions and components were analyzed with the help of partial least squares structural equations software, and the initial shape of the pattern is mentioned along with the values of the impact numbers. Finally, the relationship between the dimensions, components and indicators were calculated and pattern was presented in 6 dimensions, 17 components and 82 indicators (cultural dimension has 3 components and 16 indicators, social dimension has 4 components and 16 indicators, political dimension has 3 components and 16 indicators, economic dimension has 3 components and 14 indicators, military dimension has 3 components and 13 indicators and environmental dimension has 2 components and 7 indicators) were presented.

Iran and Saudi Arabia are two big rival in the Middle East. Saudi Arabia was against the JCPOA and try to destroy Iran deal after Donald trump victory in American president election. Riyadh had promised to increase its oil production after the US imposed an oil embargo on Iran and involved in American maximum pressure against Iran. While Saudi Arabia considered itself a strategic partner of the United States, the attack on Aramco's oil facilities changed the balance in the region entirely. The main question in this article is based on why Saudi Arabia suddenly changed its foreign policy towards Iran after the attack on Aramco oil facilities. The findings show the fact that after the withdrawal of the United States from the JCPOA, Riyadh thought that Washington would use all its options, including the military option, to intimidate Iran in confrontation with Tehran and eventually force Tehran to negotiate and give more concessions. With time passage, America not only did not take advantage of the military option against Iran, but Washington officials have repeatedly announced that they do not think about the military option in confronting Iran. The attack on Aramco's oil facilities changed the balance of power in the region and showed that contrary to what Saudi Arabia thought, America is not willing to engage in a military confrontation with Iran, or at least it was not willing to go to war with Tehran because of Riyadh. This forced Riyadh's authority to rethink its foreign policy towards Tehran. Choosing the policy of negotiation and dialogue as well as accepting the mediation of Pakistan and Oman was the policy that Riyadh took towards Tehran. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical and the game theory approach has been used to analyze the research topic.

Cultural resistance has always been one of the forms of opposition to the values of any political system. In this respect, this resistance can also be found in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Identifying examples of resistance always helps political systems to identify them and take a better step towards a crisis resolution. Therefore, identifying the basic examples of the cultural resistance in Iran can be a step towards resolving some cultural crises in our society today. Accordingly, the main question of this article is what are the most important examples of cultural resistance in the Islamic Republic of Iran? To answer this question, we first begin with a brief review of the theories that have existed in the history of thought about resistance. After that, by designing a questionnaire, an attempt has been made to identify these examples by referring to the respondents. The data analysis method is SPSS questionnaire

Theoretical reflections on the knowledge of international relations are based on the central concept of "power" and also the use of power is the most objective behavior in the foreign policy of states. However, with the advent of globalization, power has evolved in concept, dimensions, tools, even principles and discourses. Corresponding to this trend, "war" in military theories has undergone changes in tools, objectives, and so on. Therefore, it seems that a comparative study between the two concepts of power and war in the relevant approaches, while developing theoretical knowledge, can also improve the strategic understanding of the leading security-defense environment. The results showed that in the conceptual evolution of power and war, it is possible to identify an accumulative and corresponding trajectory during which "hybrid warfare" is conceptualized in relation to the concept of "smart power". In a paradigm shift, another correspondence can be drawn between "postmodern power" in international relations theory and " Cognitive warfare" in military theories.

he post-Cold War US military strategy was in line with hegemony and environmental change, especially September 11th event, when neoconservatives embraced the concepts of absolute security, prevention, and pre-emptive warfare in the fight against terrorism in the West Asian region. There have been several developments. Subsequently, in US national security approaches, the issue of focusing more on the Asia-Pacific region was raised, and with liberal hegemony in Obama’s presidential period, multilateralism was emphasized. Trump's coming to power, in addition to his unconventional behavior with repulsion policies, raises the question of what the dimensions of the US government's grand approach are. With these definitions, the present study seeks to answer the question; what components of the US military-security strategy are during the Trump era to seek hegemony in the United States, in terms of principles, targeting, and definition of threats, by examining the strategic documents of the United States from 2017 to 2020. And executive measures. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to outline the framework of the US military-security strategy and to make meaningful the behaviors of this country in order to maintain hegemony. The hypothesis of the present study is that the US military-security strategy under Trump continues to be defined as a consistent principle in the US efforts to achieve hegemonic order in the international system and by reviving and maximizing the country's power in the event of a return to power. The US priority threat will be realized. Multilateral defense, rebuilding military power, indirect intervention, security trade, and redistribution of security spending have been the main executive policies to objectify this military-security strategy. The type of this applied research is descriptive-analytical research method with qualitative approach and library data collection method.

What is very important in resolving crises is to make timely decisions in accordance with the correct information obtained from environmental analysis, especially rapid environmental changes that impose various conditions on decision makers in a limited time. In this kind of circumstances, “intelligent management systems” that have a high ability to collect, process, analyze, categorize and update information and provide practical solutions in accordance with the existing conditions, can be very efficient in crisis management. In particular, applying these cases in dealing with social crises such as ethic crises that pose effective threats in the national security sphere will be very important, because it is necessary to identify potential and emerging ethic crises in the national environment and take action in the process of prevention, confrontation, reconstruction of damages and etc. in the next steps. Therefore, this study, with the purpose of “explaining the impact of smart systems upon the management cycle of ethnic crises”, attempts to examine the question of “How much is the impact of smart systems upon the management cycle of ethnic crises?”. The research method is applied with the mixed method and the results show that although the effectiveness of intelligent systems in the crisis management cycle, including crisis prevention, crisis- preparedness, coping with crisis and post- crisis reconstruction, is different, but employing these systems is necessary due to the capabilities defined in them.

The foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran has mainly been in regional interactions in the Middle East, Central Asia, and the Caucasus, as attention to the Islamic world as well as territorial interests has been the main axis of this foreign policy. But the necessity of development in the extra-peripheral regions as well as the formation of national powers based on liberation theology in Latin America caused attention to Latin American countries to become a serious issue in foreign policy since a decade ago. The importance of this region was doubled especially due to being in the backyard of the United States and also with the expansion of the pressure of Western countries on Iran in the nuclear issue. In this article, an attempt is made to provide a comprehensive description of the dimensions of Iran's presence in Latin American countries in the first step, so that in the second step, a framework of national interests and strategic goals of the country in interaction with this region will be recognized. In the third step, the effects of this relationship on the position of the United States should be examined. As a result, the regional and international capacities of the Latin American region will be mentioned for the continuation of Iran's presence, which seems to be one of the necessities of the political and economic diplomacy of the Islamic Republic.

The existence of dissatisfaction and the emergence of civil protests due to social - economic changes in Iran are among the issues that have led to political instability and sometimes security unrests, especially during the implementation of liberal policies. Also, social-economic crises in countries such as Argentina, Venezuela, and Greece have emerged in recent decades, which have many similarities with each other in economic, political and other dimensions. In these countries, drastic neoliberal changes have led to the weakening of public livelihoods and, consequently, to protests and break of the political system. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to compare the formation of protests and political crises resulting from the implementation of neoliberal policies in Iran with Venezuela, Greece and Argentina. Therefore, the main question is "How did the neoliberal structural changes in the Iran's economy and society, in a comparative study with the situation of Venezuela, Chile, Argentina and Greece, affect the formation of protests and political crises?". This research uses the documentary and qualitative study method of secondary analysis of existing data to collect data. And also, uses qualitative semi-structured interviews with experts to develop indicators for comparative study and theoretical saturation

Celebrities are those famous individuals whose actions are focused and welcomed by public mass, however, their social presence lacks rational, political, and scientific indications necessary for social elites. Indeed, change in lifestyle influenced by modernity, causes celebrities to obtain a social reference status and people refer to them as a model of lifestyle and even in social-political issues. Relying on their publicity and popularity caused by activities in “entertainment” field, celebrities take a number of positions relating to various issues of public sphere. Being lowlevel and sentimental is the main characteristic of these positions, however they affect public opinion directly. According to this, this paper, as its main goal, tries to focus on the nature and the way of celebrities’ action in public sphere. Therefore, the main question here is: “What are the components of celebrities’ actions in public sphere and what are the consequences of such actions on cultural and societal security?” The issue is dealt with through an explaining and descriptive study using cultural and societal security viewpoint.

Concepts of Salafi-Jihadi extremism such as monotheism, religious understanding of the Salaf and such beliefs as innovation and ignorance generate certain rules and norms of behavior including excommunication (Takfir) and Jihad. But this semantic core and internal consolidator of the identity of Salafi Jihadi activists enters into a construction process in interaction with external structures, especially at the international level. Therefore, what determines the perception, operational orientation, organizational model, religious boundaries and targeting of Jihadi Salafi groups is the interaction of their internal structures and external structural pressures, especially at the level of the international system. For this reason, the contemporary Salafi-Jihadi current, while based on the foundations of a stable and uniform identity, has changed due to different perceptions of the surrounding situation. The main question of this research is: “How can we explain the identity change, the change of activism and the goals of the Salafi-Jihadi groups from al-Qaeda to ISIS?” To answer this question, the theoretical framework of the structure-agent. The main hypothesis of the research is presented as follows: “The mutual consistency of the internal Salafi identity and the hegemonic structure of the international system have led to the formation of three intersubjective perceptions including oppression, Crusade and emigration among the Salafi-Jihadist current. Corresponding to this perceptual transformation, three types of operational actions including solidarity Jihad, spatial Jihad and triumph Jihad, and three types of institutions, the Jihadist movement, the Islamic Emirate, and the establishment of the institution of the caliphate have been formed. These components can be identified as elements of identity-historical transformation in the form of three Salafi-jihadi generations from al-Qaeda to ISIS.”

Modern virtual networks, as a new generation of virtual communication systems, have been instrumental in directing and influencing public opinion and have directed important developments in the political, social, cultural, etc. fields. Social networks are so institutionalized and widely used among the citizens that currently a large share of their media consumption in many countries, including Iran, is produced and distributed by these networks. Internationally, major political developments in recent years, such as Arab revolutions, US elections, and the Turkish coup, clearly signaled that social networks have surpassed the classic mass media in directing public opinion. Thus, under the current conditions, it can be argued that in directing and influencing public opinion, the traditional mass media act under the authority of social networks, and social networks are the main actor in public opinion management. The present study aims to delve into the way social networks direct public opinion and the process of directing opinions to the level of formation of a political mobilization in crises, in which virtual networks, as influential actors, instrumental.

This research is aimed at the pathology of recreational environments in the north of the iran country (with emphasis on social and security challenges). Awareness and understanding of the factors affecting the reduction of social security in recreational environments for planning in this area is necessary and lack of information in this area will have a lot of negative consequences: including the reduction of tourists in amusement environments, the greater danger of tourists in This environment and the increase of thugs in recreational environments and. ...
In this research, data gathering method was used and a structured questionnaire was used. To this end, 210 tourists who were present in the northern ambiance of the region, who were selected from other provinces and indigenous tourists using the quota method and collected the information.
The findings show that what is considered in recreational settings is a factor in reducing the safety of tourists: the existence of thugs and the history of victimization of tourists, poor access, or lack of access to economic and social facilities, inappropriate physical environment of environments Recreation as well as reducing social trust in recreational settings are the main reasons for insecurity in the recreational areas of the north of the country. These factors were confirmed by a coefficient of  R 2</sup>0.45 and a significant level of 0.30 with an error of less than 1% .

A look at the historical course of America’s practical logic against the Islamic Republic of Iran as well as the current policies of this country suggests the U.S. has the options of controlling the Islamic Republic in domestic and international arenas on the table in the post-JCPOA period. In fact, evidence suggests that the hegemonic system seeks an opportunity to take full advantage of the political and economic environment resulting from JCPOA and reinforce its plots against the Islamic Republic of Iran, the issue represented by the term ‘infiltration’ and as a strategic option of the enemy against the Islamic Republic in the statements of the Supreme Leader. In this article, an attempt will be made to analyze the strategic aspects, objectives, and options designed by the enemy to infiltrate into the Islamic Republic in the post-JCPOA period considering the policy actions and the declared positions of America and the Western think tanks.

Salafi thought and the phenomenon of violent extremism are the most interesting issues in political and international studies. However, with a reductive and impressive attitude from our Islam with fundamentalism it is attempted to despose the whole of Islam from extremism despite the diversity of intellectual, theological, philosophical and political varieties. However, it seems recognizing the nature of extremism requires deep study on the forming the layers of contemporary political Islam. The purpose of this paper is to explain the theoretical concept and objective flow of “extremism in political Islam. The main question of this study is ‘how the roots of identity and normative elements of extremism in political Islam are explained.’ To answer to this question it was hypothesized that ‘Salafist- Hadith groups are defined as the “Radical Political Islam” flow because they believe that they can revive the Islamic Caliphate and implement Sharia law by violent struggle to gain power and violent overthrow of governments through takfir opponents. To examine the hypothesis, the conceptual charts of intellectual flow and realtions of salafi groups with each other as well as the normative features of extreme political Islam as the main source of internal consistency of the extremism identity in the political Islam framework are presented.