abdul amir h. kadhum

When nanotechnology is used in medicine, it makes it easier to find and treat a wide range of diseases. The potentially fatal disease multiple sclerosis (MS) has a disproportionately large impact on young people. One of the oral options for treating this condition is dimethyl fumarate (DMF). This study aimed to use platelet membranes and polymeric nanoparticles (PNs) to develop a drug delivery system that mimics biological cells to treat MS. Here, we produced and characterized solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) containing dimethyl fumarate (DMF). To make SLNs, DMF is combined with biocompatible lipids using hot emulsion and ultrasonication techniques. These DMF-SLNs were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), FTIR spectroscopy, and a zeta meter instrument. Characterization revealed that the optimal SLNs had a polydispersity index of (0.28, 0.96, 0.77), a zeta potential of (-22.73 mV, -28.7 mV, and -30.13 mV), and a mean particle size of (562 nm, 1997 nm, and 849 nm). The results of this study suggest that the present formulation may be a potential longer-acting formulation for the improved management of MS. SLNs could significantly change the treatment of many illnesses by providing effective drug delivery.

The strategic synthesis of 4-((4-Phenyl-5-Thioxo-1,2,4-Triazol-3-yl)methoxy)coumarin (PTTC) derived from 4-hydroxycoumarin is imperative, given its industrial, therapeutic relevance, and structural adaptability. This investigation delves into its multifaceted potential, particularly focusing on its anticorrosion, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties. Antibacterial efficacy against a spectrum of bacterial strains including Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris, and Staphylococcus aureus was evaluated via the disk diffusion method, revealing robust microbiological activity with inhibition zones ranging from 11 to 28 mm. Furthermore, PTTC exhibited notable antioxidant prowess, demonstrating a maximum scavenging capacity of 95% in the DPPH radical scavenging assay. These results underscore PTTC's versatility as a therapeutic agent with promising applications. Its corrosion resistance potential for mild steel in 1.0 M hydrochloric acid was studied using weight loss methods. Parameters that influence corrosion inhibition such as PTTC concentration, which is a structural parameter, environmental temperature and immersion duration were all studied systematically. Particularly, the PTTC achieved high inhibition efficiencies that were at 96% at a 1.0mM concentration at 303K. The adsorption process on the metal surface was in accordance with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, and both the experimental and theoretical results were in good agreement. The study presented discusses the PTTC's various functions and thereby, making it a good choice for different therapeutic purposes, corrosion prevention, and antioxidative activities.

This study is aimed at the preparation and characterization of the coumarin derivative, 4-((5-amino-1, 3, 4-thiadiazol-2-yl) methoxy) coumarin (ATMC) and the determination of the antitumor activity of the compound. The compound was prepared through a synthetic route starting with 4–hydroxycoumarin by undergoing a sequence of chemical reactions. The confirmation of ATMC structure was done by different spectroscopy methods such as FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and also further chemical analysis. In a biological activity profiling experiment, antibacterial activity, antifungal activity, and antioxidant activity of the compound ATMC were examined. The in vitro efficacy of antimicrobial activity was shown by the zone of inhibitory zone which was ranged 15 to 22 mm against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris, and Staphylococcus aureus. In addition to this antifungal study also shows that the ATMC has strong inhibition against Aspergillus niger and Candida alb. Based on the provided data, it can be suggested that ATMC possesses various biological effects, which de-monstrates the prospect of its application as a therapeutic drug.

In the current research, an axisymmetric model is developed to study high-speed unsteady flow in the test section of a 7 meter-long shock tunnel. The computational calculations of the shock tunnel are conducted using the Fluent CFD solver. The Finite Volume Method (FVM) is used to discretize the governing equations of mass, momentum, and energy. The accuracy of the numerical model is investigated with first-order upwind, second-order upwind, and third-order MUSCL schemes. Adaptive mesh refinement is implemented to resolve the shock wave and contact surface regions accurately. The numerical results are compared with theoretical calculations and experimental data from experimental tests and the comparison shows good agreement. Different test gases of Helium, Air and CO2, are utilized in the current study. The results show that steady test conditions are maintained for a longer test time by adjusting the pressure ratio and gas combination across the diaphragm. The highest shock wave speed and strength are achieved for a gas combination of Helium-CO2, but a longer test duration is observed when using Air as the test gas.