abolfazl shahamat

Shows that the inner parts of urban settlements are often worn out and inefficient. The aim of this research is to evaluate the worn-out texture of Chokhorlar neighborhood in the old and inner part of Tabriz city, which was completed by presenting a scenario. The research is of applied type and its method is descriptive, analytical, cross-sectional survey. Information was collected through field studies in the form of questioning, interviews, focused group discussions, and the questionnaires were processed in 11 types, and after coding in SPSS. ArcGIS was used in the physical, spatial and environmental part and preparation of thematic and analytical maps. The statistical population of the entire neighborhood was 148 households.according to Morgan's Table, N =162 residential plots with a sample size of S=115 were selected. Considering the many problems, a total of 65 households answered the questionnaires. Then evaluation was done using SWOT model. Based on this, the score of internal factors (strength and weakness) was 2.29 and the score of external factors (opportunity and threat) was 2.52 which indicates the dominance of weaknesses over strengths in internal factors and the dominance of opportunities over threats in external factors. The innovation of the research is in the design of neighborhood regeneration scenarios. Finally, the third scenario was approved for implementation in the form of a practical strategy with respect to design rules in a traditional context with a traditional and modern integrated desi

For the first time in January 1991, the issue of studies and construction of urban trains was proposed by the esteemed representatives of the city of Tabriz in the Islamic Consultative Assembly. Due to the increasing growth of intercity travel in Tabriz and the need to use a 2-rail transportation system in order to reduce traffic problems, studies of Tabriz city train lines were conducted and Tabriz city train network including 4 routes, a total of 60km and 63 stations were designed.The analysis of underground structures is very complex due to the interaction with the surrounding environment in a dynamic state. For this reason, less research has been done. One of the first people who investigated the effect of earthquakes on underground structures is Newmark, in 1968 he presented an easy method to calculate the relative strains of underground pipe structures and long tunnels (Bozorgnia et al., 1995). In 1969, Kuesel established a simple method for calculating earthquake forces on linear tunnels, which in most cases is the basic of later works. Douglas and Warshaw in 1971 presented the results of tunnel design analysis under the influence of earthquakes. Lee and Trifunac in 1979 investigated the response of the lined tunnel under the shear wave effect. In 1981, Owen and Scholl's studied three types of deformations, including compressive-tensile, longitudinal bending, and rhomboidal and elliptical deformations as the result of seismic vibrations in underground structures.

The ill-posed problems could be seen anywhere in our daily lives. An ill-posed problem is a problem that there are no uniqueness solutions (there is no solution or two or more solutions for the problem) or the solutions are unstable; i.e., an arbitrarily small error in the observation may lead to extremely large errors in the solutions. The main difficulty in solving ill-posed problems is instability of their solutions with respect to small variations of input data. A regularized estimation of an ill-posed problem is always biased; thus, it's worth obtaining the solution from different methods for reliable evaluation of the uncertainty in our estimation. The regularization methods, such as Tikhonov's method, are used to obtain stable solutions for solving ill-posed problems. In Tikhonov's regularization method, a scalar quantity is used as the stabilization parameter to solve ill-posed problems; whereas, In the Optimally Scaled Vector Regularization Method (OSVRM), a vector is used as the stabilization parameter. In this paper, a comparison has been made between the results of Tikhonov, TSVD, and OSVRM methods in terms of accuracy of the results for estimation of the earth gravity field from GOCE satellite data. The RMSE of the results of Tikhonov, EGM96 model, and the OSVRM method – that use a vector instead of scalar as regularization parameter – in the order of 10-5, 10-9, and 10-13, respectively. It is seen that the results obtained from the OSVRM method are much better compared to the Tikhonov method and EGM96 model for solving linear ill-posed problems. On the other hand, a significant improvement has been achieved in the stability and accuracy of numerical results for linear problems solution.