فهرست مطالب afsane taheri

IntroductionElderly is a process that is genetically visible during the life of living things and decreases in the organism over time, which reduces the activities of the organs of the body. Although it is not an aging disease and most of the elderly can be seen in other age groups, the elderly process is facilitating physical diseases, including cancer. The formation of tumors becomes. These cells grow very rapidly and usually cause severe pain by pressing on healthy tissues and nerve fibers, blocking fluid flow in the body, and disrupting the activity of the organs. MethodThe present semi-experimental research design was used with a pre-test-then-test with the control group. The research community is all the 60 to 75-year-olds residing in Tehran in 2021 who have been diagnosed with Stage 1 and Stage 2 cancer, of which 30 elderly women were referred to medical centers for treatment. The semi-trial design was used to determine the effectiveness of the emotion therapy. The pre-test was first implemented and then accidentally performed in one of the two experimental groups of excitement treatment, and the control group received no training and was implemented at the end of the post-test training. Research Criteria: Over 60 years old, getting a cancer diagnosis, mental consciousness, lack of participation in another therapeutic program, wanting to cooperate, elderly with cancer, tendency to attend intervention, and exit criterion unwilling to participate in intervention. The selected sample was accessible through random selection into two groups of tests and certificates. The emotion-based treatment package was developed and presented in the format of 10 sessions, each 90 minutes long, and content validity was used to validate it. The research tool was the questionnaire on psychological adaptation to cancer by Watson et al. (1988). Coronbach's alpha was used for data analysis using conventional descriptive statistics (average and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (repeated measurement variance analysis). ResultsThe results of the study showed that the emotional intervention package was able to significantly increase mental compatibility with cancer. In addition, the excitement intervention package was followed up after the post-test execution, and the results showed that there was no tangible post-test change after two months (p < 0.001). DiscussionTherefore, excitement-based treatment with recovery experiences and changing the meaningful meanings of any experience has a corrective training for stabilized emotional strategies that enhance the use of efficient and positive strategies and better adaptation to the disease by breaking the inefficient strategy and better adaptation to the disease. Since this study was conducted on older women with cancer in Tehran, it is recommended that other cultural and gender groups be aware of the generalization of the results.

Smoking is a serious health threat, killing about 5 million people worldwide each year. By 2030, the number of diseases and deaths from tobacco use will reach 8 million per year. This study aims to investigate the prediction of smoking tendency based on emotional dyslexia and perceptual control with the mediation of risk perception.

This was a descriptive-correlational research conducted on all the 45,000 employees of Tehran Municipality who were working in 2019. The statistical sample consisted of 215 members of the aforementioned statistical population, which was determined using the usual sampling method in correlation studies and the multi-stage cluster sampling method. The instruments used included the smoking tendency questionnaire, the emotional nonverbal questionnaire, and the perceptual control questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software version 25 and Amos software version 22 at two descriptive (mean, standard deviation, etc.) and inferential (structural equation analysis) levels.

The coefficient of the direct path between alexithymia and the tendency to smoke was 0.380. It can be concluded that there was a positive and significant relationship between alexithymia and the tendency to smoke. In addition, the coefficient of the direct path between perceptual control and the tendency to smoke was -0.250.

There is a negative and significant relationship between cognitive control and the tendency to smoke. Therefore, by teaching people emotional regulation skills, a person can be prepared to face and solve problems and have constructive relationship with others.

Smoking is one of the serious threats to health and one of the main causes of death worldwide. The current research is descriptive and correlational and its statistical population included all 45,000 employees of Tehran Municipality who were working and serving in 2019, and 215 people were selected as the sample population using cluster sampling method.. To collect research data from the smoking tendency questionnaire of Shur et al. (2000), the cognitive evaluation questionnaire of high-risk incidents from Froom et al. (1997), and the cognitive control questionnaire of Tetrick and Laraco (1987) and for the purpose of statistical analysis of the data. The structural equation analysis method was used. According to the results, the proposed model for predicting the tendency to smoke based on perceptual control with the mediation of risk perception had sufficient fit. Risk perception had a partial mediating role in relation to cognitive control and tendency to smoke.

Based on the results obtained in this study, it is possible to reduce the tendency to smoke by helping people to have perceptual control and also to increase risk perception

 Smoking is one of the serious health threats and one of the leading causes of death worldwide. This study aimed to predict the tendency to smoke based on alexithymia mediated by risk perception. The method of this study was descriptive and correlational. The study's statistical population included all employees of Tehran Municipality in 2019, from which 215 people were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling to participate in the study. The data collection tool included a questionnaire on the tendency to smoke salty cigarettes, Rajabi (2006) reported a Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient of 0.83. Also, from the forum's high-risk events cognitive evaluation questionnaire with Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.78) (Baheiraei et al., 2012). And Taylor et al.'s emotional non-verbal questionnaire (1991) was used with its retest reliability ranging from r=0.80 to r=0.87 (Besharat, 2007).. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS-25 and Amos-22 and structural equations. According to the results, the proposed model for predicting smoking tendency based on alexithymia mediated by risk perception had a good fit. Risk perception played a minor mediating role in the relationship between alexithymia and smoking tendency. Based on the results of this study, it is possible to reduce the tendency to smoke by helping people overcome alexithymia and increase their perception of risk. 

Chronic pain affects a person's thinking, performance and feelings, causing various limitations in a person's life. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between pain perception based on childhood trauma and mediated emotion regulation in people with chronic pain.

The method of the present study is a descriptive correlational method of structural equation modeling (path analysis). From patients referred to pain clinics in Tehran in 1399, 300 patients with chronic pain were selected by convenience sampling. The instruments used in this study included Granfsky and Craig's Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ), Bernstein Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and Visual Pain Scale (VAS). SPSS and Amos software were used to analyze the data.

The results indicate that each of the positive and negative emotion regulation strategies plays a mediating role in the relationship between pain perception and childhood trauma in patients with chronic pain.

The tendency of individuals to use positive or negative cognitive emotion regulation strategies can be a determining factor in the impact of childhood trauma on the perception of chronic pain.