فهرست مطالب afsaneh alinezhadian-bidabadi

One of the ways to reduce evaporation from the soil is to use modifiers. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of modifiers with two mixed and surface applications on the rate of evaporation from the soil. This research was carried out in the greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture of Lorestan University with treatments of wheat straw and cow manure at three levels (zero, 1 and 5% weight). The soil moisture was kept constant for 4 months at the agricultural capacity. The amount of evaporation in June and August 2021 in each pot was measured by weight in two periodes of 10 and 18 days. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the rate of evaporation between the treatments used with surface application and mixture. After the end of evaporation measurement and stopping it in June and August, wheat straw had the lowest evaporation. The use of wheat straw at the level of 5% by weight on the surface in June 4.7 and in August 1.7 times compared to the control treatment had the greatest reduction in evaporation. In addition, the use of modifiers improves the soil structure, which the results of this test show with the highest MWD with the use of a mixture of 5% by weight of wheat straw in the amount of 0.48 mm. Due to the significant difference in the application of modifiers, the surface application of modifiers is recommended to control the rate of evaporation.

Although the use of fertilizer in poor soils is essential for increasing soil fertility and optimal growth of plant, but in recent years, chemical fertilizers have caused a lot of environmental damages. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of organic matter (Rice Husk) and mineral modifiers (Clinoptilolite Zeolite) on some soil properties. For this purpose, an experiment was performed in 2020 in the greenhouse faculty of the agricultural and natural resources of lorestan university. Test treatments include: 1- organic modifiers with three level (1, 3, 5 wool weight) and mineral modifiers with three level (3, 5, 10 wool weight) and control treatment 2- three different incubation time (30 as control, 60, 90 days). Before starting the proposed times, one month incubation was applied to the soil to adjust the soil material. The result showed that the use of both modifiers increased average weight of the aggregate diameter, porosity, weight moisture, electrical conductivity, total nitrogen, acidity, carbon ratio to nitrogen and microbial respiration compared to the control. The average weight of aggregate diameter increased by 26.7% compared to the control. But, the amount of bulk density and the hydrophobicity of the samples were decreased as compared to the control treatment. 10% weight of zeolite and 3% weight of rice shell treatment reduced hydrophobicity by about 37.8% compared to the control. Over time, the amount of bulk density, porosity, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, total nitrogen and microbial respiration showed a reduction trend, but the soil acidity and carbon ratio to nitrogen had an increasing trend. The carbon/nitrogen ratio during the incubation period of 60 and 90 days, significantly increased by 7.04 and 17.32% compared to the control. The result of data analysis showed that the effect of time on hydrophobic and average weight of the aggregate diameter and weight moisture was not significant.

The main challenge facing the agriculture sector is producing more food while using less water so it is needed to increase water use efficiency and optimal use of water resources, especially in arid areas. The main goal of this research is to study the effect of irrigation with municipal wastewater effluent and water use efficiency of maize in farms located in south- west of Shahr-e-kord. All of treatments were used in randomized complete block design with split plots and three applications with five factors including 100% well water (M1), 25% wastewater 75% well water (M2), 50% wastewater 50% well water (M3), 75% wastewater 25% well water and 100 % wastewater (M5) and four sub treatment factors according to the different amounts of water, wastewater and mixture of water and wastewater on the basis of water requirements (50% (L1), 65% (L2), 85% (L3) and 100% (L4)). In the different treatment types of water, M4 (25%well water and 75% wastewater) had dry matter yield. Regarding to total dry matter, the yield of biomass, grain and water use efficiency were more in M4 treatment and the less water use efficiency was determined in 100% wastewater treatment (M5). In different amounts of water treatments on the basis of total dry matter, the most total dry matter yield, biomass, grain and water use efficiency were determined in 100% crop water requirement treatment (L4). On the basis of biomass yield, 85% crop water requirement treatment (L3) had more water use efficiency. The results show that for total dry matter, biomass and grain yield 75% wastewater 25% well water was the best treatment in irrigation of considered area. On the other hand, wastewater contains nutrients and can be used without fertilizer consumption in this area, so it is useful in saving water and fertilizer.