afsaneh rahimi

The metropolis of Tabriz, as the largest population center in northwest Iran, has seen a lot of physical and population growth in recent years, with the density and development of economic and infrastructure projects on the one hand, and the expansion of problematic structures on the other hand, as well as the inability of the urban management system to regulate these issues has made this city face many problems and vulnerability in times of crisis. In this regard, there is a need to achieve sustainable development by emphasizing approaches such as passive defense in spatial planning and organizing the spatial structural and functional system.

Goal:

Considering the importance of spatial planning and benefiting from approaches such as passive defense in order to achieve sustainable development, the aim of the current research is to analyze the spatial planning system of Tabriz metropolis with emphasis on the parameters of passive defense and to provide solutions to achieve the desired pattern in the spatial planning system and realize sustainable development.

The research method is quantitative with an applied-developmental nature, in order to analyze the data, partial least squares model was used in Warp-PLS software. The statistical population of the research also includes managers, officials and urban experts of Tabriz (about 1500 people) and the sample size is estimated to be 340 people based on the modified model of Cochran.

Geographical area of research:

The geographical scope of the research includes Tabriz metropolis.

The findings of the research show that among the six components emphasized by the planning system with an emphasis on passive defense, only the population component with a coefficient of 0.51 at the 95% confidence level has been realized in Tabriz metropolis and the five components of vital infrastructure, physical infrastructure, open spaces, roads And the roads and land use and functions have not been realized, and the coefficients obtained from the structural model for these components are equal to 0.23, 0.38, 0.32, 0.27 and 0.42, respectively.

The results indicate that the non-realization of passive defense in spatial planning of Tabriz is caused by inadequacies in the decision-making system (integrity and systemic), content of plans (realism, flexibility and foresight) and implementation (commitment and transparency).

One of the strategies to increase the tolerance of plants to environmental stress conditions, including drought stress, is to improve the process of receiving nutrients by plants. Arugula (Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativa Mill.) is cultivated as a leafy vegetable in Hormozgan province. Considering the limitation of water resources in this province and the role of fertilizers in increasing the tolerance of vegetables to drought stress, this research was conducted to investigate the biochemical, vegetative, yield and efficiency indicators responses of arugula to fertilizer sources under deficit irrigation conditions, a split plots experiment as a completely randomized design with 12 treatments and three replications in the greenhouse of University of Hormozgan. The experimental treatments included irrigation as the main plot (full irrigation as control, moderate and severe deficit irrigation) and the use of different fertilizers as sub-plot (control, urea, vermicompost and cow manure). The results showed that all the biochemical traits including the chlorophyll and carotenoids contents, catalase and peroxidase activities and the amount of malondialdehyde, vegetative and yield traits including plant height, root length and diameter, root and shoot fresh weight, fresh economical yield and nitrogen and water use efficiency of Arugula was significantly affected by the main effect of irrigation. While the main effect of fertilizer sources on peroxidase activity, plant height and root diameter were not significant. The use of different fertilizers improved the under-study traits under deficit irrigation conditions, and in most cases the efficiency of organic fertilizers was higher than urea. So that the use of vermicompost increased the catalase activity in severe and moderate deficit irrigation conditions by 23.3 and 29.9 %, respectively. Moderate and severe deficit irrigation, as well as the use of fertilizer, increased the water use efficiency in arugula. At each fertilizer level, severe deficit irrigation caused a significant decrease in nitrogen use efficiency compared to full irrigation and moderate deficit irrigation. The results of this research showed that in severe deficit irrigation conditions, the use of cow manure increased the economic yield of arugula by 52.0% compared to the control. In total, the highest economic yield was obtained in the full irrigation and the use of urea or cow manure. Therefore, according to the limitation of water resources in Hormozgan province, the application of fertilizer can improve the yield of arugula under deficit irrigation conditions.

Traditional arts can be considered as the collection of original, indigenous and popular arts of each country, which have deep roots in the culture and civilization. One of the precious arts in Iran, which has been created according to the climate of each region, is weaving Giveh. Weaving Maliki Giveh is one of the traditional arts produced in Dehaghan, Isfahan province, and has high quality. Unfortunately, the lack of attention to this art due to the ignorance of industrial products has declined the production as well as use of this traditional footwear among people. Therefore, enormous efforts should be made to preserve the aforesaid ancient heritage. Accordingly, the present study aimed at doing in-depth analysis of weaving Giveh in Dehaghan, considering the crucial factors, and proposing appropriate strategies and solutions for development, continuity and having better future of this art. Also, the study seeks to find out the ways to persuade people to learn and produce the above-mentioned art.This ethnographic research has been compiled using a futuristic approach including descriptive-analytical method. The data analysis was done through library documents. To this end, 20 artists and experts were interviewed by the field and documentary-based method. Accordingly, the qualitative data were also analyzed by deductive method. The finding revealed that four scenarios of Darna hope, Simorgh, IQ son and Little Prince were presented based on six key driving factors. In the scenario of Darna hope, which showed the unfavorable situation, the lack of awareness of this art and the scarcity of students has led to the isolation of this art and the basic problems in production. Therefore, national media, educational, cultural and economic institutions can play an effective role in raising awareness and creating a culture of this art. In the Little Prince scenario, which showed a more favorable situation, the family can be observed as a key factor in institutionalizing this art, strengthening cultural beliefs and the spirit of self-confidence at all ages. The realization of these factors attracts students and causes the continuation and development of this art and a favorable future can be expected for aforesaid art.

Enhanced soil fertility results in plant tolerance against environmental stresses, including drought stress. In order to investigate the effect of different fertilizers on biochemical, quantitative and qualitative characteristics of white radish under drought stress conditions, a split plot experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design in 2020-21 at University of Hormozgan. Experimental factors were included drought stress levels as the main factor in three levels of control, medium and severe, based on providing 100, 75 and 50% of readily available water and five fertilizer levels included control (without fertilizer application) and 100 kg of pure nitrogen from urea, animal manure, biochar and vermicompost sources as a sub-factor. Our findings revealed that drought stress results in a significant decrease in leaf chlorophyll a and b content, leaf number and root diameter. Comparing with the control level, this decrease was estimated to be 29.4%, 24.2%, 27.4% and 36.2% for chlorophyll a and b content, leaf number and root diameter respectively. On the other hand, severe drought stress caused a significant increased (41.8%) in root nitrate content compared to the control. These results highlight that fertilizer application could improve the biochemical and quantitative properties of white radish. The highest amount of plant pigments, catalase and peroxidase activity and Fv/Fm index and the lowest content of malondialdehyde were obtained with the use of vermicompost. These results showed that although in severe drought stress conditions, the highest root yield was obtained with the use of urea fertilizer, but there was no significant difference with other fertilizers. On the other hand, under these conditions, the use of organic fertilizers maintained the quality characteristics of white radish root.

Due to the increased prevalence of autism spectrum disorder, professionals need to access and study programs which are de-signed to improve fundamental problems of these children. The present study has inves-tigated the effectiveness of a social skills group intervention based on DeRosier Program for decreasing externalizing behavior problems in children with high functioning autism. The study was done as a single-subject design using the A-B-A method. The statistical popu-lation consisted of children with high-func-tioning autism in Isfahan. Three students were selected using a purposeful sampling. The base-lines were drawn up using a subscale of Externalizing Behavior Problems (Social Skills Improvement System Rating Scales) (SSIS). There were 20 training sessions, each for 40 minutes which were held by the researcher. The evaluations were completed during the treatment and followed up by one the child specialist teacher one month later. Based on the results of the visual analysis of the data, this program has been effective in reducing behavioral problems (PND for participants respectively, 100%, 85.71%, and 100%). The results from PEM, NAP, TauU (at least 0.85%) indicate the effectiveness of this program. Therefore, the improvement of social skills in a group-based intervention has led to the growth of positive communicative experiences and reduced be-havioral problems for this group of children.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a social skills group intervention based on DeRosier Program for improving communication, cooperation, assertion, and empathy in children with autism spectrum disorders.
The study employed an A-B-A single-subject design. Using purposive sampling, three students with autism spectrum disorders were selected. The baseline was drawn for intended areas using the Social Skills Improvement System (SSIS). Based on DeRosier social skills training program, training sessions were held in 20 sessions (one 40-minute session per week). Evaluation was performed using SSIS during each session and after every 3 sessions. Also, the same questionnaire was completed by the students’ trainer one month later in order to track the training results.
Based on the visual analysis of data, this program improved the skills of communication (PND for the first, second, and third participant, respectively: 85.71%, 85.71%, and 71.43%), cooperation (PND for participants, respectively: 85.71%, 71.43%, and 100%), and assertion (PND for participants, respectively: 100%, 57.71%, and 71.43%). However, it was not effective in improving empathy skills for the third participant (PND for participants, respectively: 100%, 71.43%, and 0.0%).
The results showed the effectiveness of DeRosier Program in improving social skills. The nature of group intervention and creating opportunities for practice and receiving feedback can facilitate the growth of social skills in children with autism spectrum disorders.

This study aims to evaluate the effect of group intervention treatment on the improvement of social skills, academic competence and the reduction of behavior problems in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders. The study is based on the A-B-A single-subject design. Using the purposive sampling, three students were selected. Training sessions, which were based on Derosier social skills training program, consisted of ten lessons that were held for five months in twenty 40-minute sessions. Using the Social Skills Improvement System (SSIS), during and after each 3-training session, the evaluation was carried out. In order to track the training results, the questionnaire was filled out by the trainer one month later. According to the data visual analysis results, this program succeeded to improve the social skills and behavior problems in all of the three participants. Regarding the improvement of the academic competence, this program proved to be effective only for the first participant. According to the research findings, the nature of the group interventions, which creates more opportunities for interaction and an increase in the motivation for children to relate, not only leads to social skills and relation improvement, but also has a direct and positive impact on the behavior problems( including the reduction of bullying, internalizing and externalizing symptoms). Regarding the effect of this program on academic competence, further research is needed

The average of electricity consumption of Iranian households is higher than the global average. This could be due to price factors (such as low cost of electricity in Iran) and non-price factors (such as socio - demographic and psychological factors). In this study, the role of non-price factors such as socio - demographic and psychological factors in the electricity consumption of urban households evaluated in Tehran. In this regard, using theoretical principles of behavioral economics and theory of planned behavior (TPB( analysis will discuss this topic. The purpose of the mentioned factors is providing non-price policies for more efficient type of household electricity consumption in Iran. The data on household consumption behavior through questionnaires and based on field data collected from 200 households in Tehran. Then, using linear regression is estimated based on econometrics techniques in which the dependent variable is electricity consumption (a 45-day period in Winter 2017) and the independent variables included socio-demographic variables: age, gender, size of family, income and the theory of planned behavior variables include attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control have been. The results showed that income and the number of household members is a significant and positive effect on electricity consumption, but the gender has no significant effect. Psychological variables perceived behavioral control has a significant effect on electricity consumption. Finally, with using behavioral biases that may cause attitudes and beliefs do not lead to action, the results of the study were analyzed.

The connection between mental health and marital satisfaction has been significant for researchers. The mental health plays an important role in family function and also in quality of life. The purpose of the present study was to examine the connection between the health of psyche and marital satisfaction in married students.

This descriptive-correlative study was conducted on 320 samples that were selected from the married students of Payame-Noor University of Tehran (160 man and 160 women) by available sampling method. Examinees answered to the General Health Questionnaire of Goldberg (GHQ) and the Marital Adjustment Test of Lucke (LMAT). In order to analyze the data، we used Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Simple Linear Regression.

Correlation between mental health and marital satisfaction (r =0. 42) was achieved. The results of Linear Regression also showed that the mental health with declaration power r2 = 0. 18 can declare marital satisfaction variance.

The achieved results from this study show that the health of psyche variable plays an essential role in marital satisfaction of couples.