فهرست مطالب afsaneh taheri

The present research was conducted with the aim of developing a structural model of students' happiness based on resilience, self-esteem and school satisfaction with the mediation of self-efficacy. 

The method of the current research was descriptive-correlation type, which was carried out in the form of path analysis model. The statistical population of this research was made up of female students of the second level of high school in areas 2 and 5 of Tehran, who were studying in different fields of study in the academic year of 2022-2023. To determine the sample size, the principles of determining the sample size in structural equation modeling were used and 400 people were selected as a sample, which was selected using a multi-stage cluster random method. Data collection was based on Oxford happiness questionnaires, Connor and Davidson resilience scale, Cooper Smith self-esteem questionnaire, Morris adolescent self-efficacy questionnaire, and school satisfaction subscale related to the multidimensional scale of students' life satisfaction, which was Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The scores of the questionnaires were 0.93, 0.91, 0.89, 0.88, and 0.88, respectively, and their face and content validity was confirmed using experts' opinions. Data analysis was done with SPSS and AMOS software. 

The results of the path analysis showed that the main research model fits the collected data and all the goodness of fit indices were excellent (CFI=1, RMSEA=0.000, X2=0). 

Based on the results obtained, there is a direct and indirect relationship between all three exogenous variables in the model (resilience, self-esteem and school satisfaction) with the main endogenous variable (happiness). And self-efficacy variable mediates the relationship between these variables.

Microwave radiation (MW) is an environmentally friendly technology and a physical method to enhance and modify the properties of flour. Dietary fiber-rich compounds in flour composition, such as date seed powder and wheat bran, can contribute to the health-promoting effects of the resulting flour and its derived products, such as bread. The present study aims to evaluate the impact of microwaves (750 watts for 120 seconds) on the combination of wheat bran and date seed powder (WB-DSP) and investigate the effects of its substitution on the physicochemical characteristics of wheat flour. To achieve this, wheat bran at various levels (3%, 6%, and 9%) and date seed powder (2%, 4%, and 6%) were combined (WB-DSP) and treated with microwave (WB-DSPMW). These mixtures were then substituted with wheat flour in proportions of 5%, 10%, and 15%. The produced flour samples were assessed for their physicochemical properties, color parameters (L*, a*, b*), and overall color difference (ΔE) compared to wheat flour as the control sample. The results revealed that microwave treatment led to lower moisture content and higher levels of ash and protein in the combination of wheat bran and date seed powder. Flour samples containing WB-DSPMW and WB-DSP showed higher water absorption capacity than the control sample (p < 0.05). Substituting WB-DSP combination with wheat flour significantly reduced L* and b* values and increased ΔE in flour samples compared to the control (p < 0.05). Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that microwave application and substitution of wheat bran-date seed powder mixture with wheat flour plays a significant role in altering the physicochemical properties of wheat flour. Furthermore, further research is necessary to examine changes in other properties, such as functional properties and nutritional value of the resulting flour.

The one of consequences of global epidemic of the Covid-19 virus in 2019 was the psychological impact on people, especially the surviving victims of this virus and its psychopathologic outcomes. The Aim of this study was the prediction of stress perception based on cognitive flexibility, perceived social support and metacognitive beliefs with the mediation of emotional cognitive regulation in Corona survivors.

This study was done based on the assumption of descriptive correlational research and the implementation of stress perception questionnaires, cognitive flexibility, perceived social support, metacognitive beliefs and emotional cognitive regulation on 200 people from the Corona survivor community who were selected by available sampling method.

The results showed that cognitive flexibility, metacognitive beliefs, emotional cognitive regulation had a positive effect on stress perception, while perceived social support and stress perception had a negative association. Also, cognitive flexibility, perceived social support and metacognitive beliefs had a positive effect on stress perception through the mediation of cognitive emotional regulation and predict stress perception during the covid-19 pandemic.

The present results highlighted the positive effect of cognitive flexibility, metacognitive beliefs, emotional cognitive regulation with stress perception, and on the other hand, it showed the negative effect of perceived social support with stress perception. Also, the research variables with the mediating factor of cognitive emotional regulation were predictors of stress perception in the survivors of Covid-19.

Mental well-being can play an adaptive role in facing adverse and stressful conditions, so the aim of the research was the mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship between perceived stress and body image with the mental well-being of female athletes in Tehran.

The research was applied in terms of purpose and from the point of view of data collection, it was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population was all female athletes who referred to sports clubs in Tehran in 2019, age range (20-50 years). 250 people by method Available sampling was selected. The research tools included Diener et al.'s Mental Well-Being Questionnaire (1985), Cohen, Komark and Marmelstein's Perceived Stress Questionnaire (1983) and Winstead and Janda's Body Image Concern Questionnaire (1987). Data were analyzed using Spearman's correlation method and path analysis using spss and PLS software.

In general, the path analysis showed that self-compassion played a mediating role in the path of body image to well-being, the results showed that perceived stress and self-compassion could predict mental well-being, also the path analysis showed that self-compassion In the path between perceived stress and mental well-being, it did not have the ability to play a mediating role. It played a mediating role in the path of body image to well-being.

According to the results, it can be concluded that strategies that increase self-compassion can provide a better picture of body image and increase the mental well-being of female athletes.

  Mental well-being can play an adaptive role in facing adverse and stressful conditions, so the aim of the research was the mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship between perceived stress and body image with the mental well-being of female athletes in Tehran.

  The research was applied in terms of purpose and from the point of view of data collection, it was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population was all female athletes who referred to sports clubs in Tehran in 2019, age range (20-50 years). 250 people by method Available sampling was selected. The research tools included Diener et al.'s Mental Well-Being Questionnaire (1985), Cohen, Komark and Marmelstein's Perceived Stress Questionnaire (1983), Winstead and Janda's Body Image Concern Questionnaire (1987) and Neff et al.'s self-compassion Questionnaire (2003). Data were analyzed using Spearman's correlation method and path analysis using SPSS and PLS software.

 In general, the path analysis showed that self-compassion played a mediating role in the path of body image to well-being, the results showed that perceived stress and self-compassion could predict mental well-being, also the path analysis showed that self-compassion in the path between perceived stress and mental well-being, it did not have the ability to play a mediating role. It played a mediating role in the path of body image to well-being.

  According to the results, it can be concluded that strategies that increase self-compassion can provide a better picture of body image and increase the mental well-being of female athletes.

The purpose of this research was to predict mental well-being and general health based on body image with the mediation of self-compassion in female athletes in Tehran. This was a descriptive correlational study that was conducted using the structural equation method. Also, in terms of the purpose, this study was practical. The statistical population of this research was all female athletes who referred to sports clubs in Tehran city. 250 people were selected by the convenience sampling method. The participants used a link to Keyes et al.'s mental well-being questionnaire (2003), Goldberg's general health questionnaire (1979), Neff et al.'s self-compassion questionnaire (2003), and body image questionnaire (Brun et al., 1990). Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, Spearman's correlation, and path analysis using SPSS and PLS software. The results showed that body image has a direct effect on general health (β=-0.22; P=0.004), and self-compassion (β=-0.21; P=0.010). Also, self-compassion has a direct effect on mental well-being (β=0.32; P<0.001). The indirect effect of body image on mental well-being was confirmed through the mediation of self-compassion (β=0.07; P=0.035). According to the results, it can be concluded that strategies that increase self-compassion can provide a better picture of body image and increase the mental well-being of female athletes.

This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy group training in enhancing autobiographical memory among working women with depression in Tehran in 2018. The research employed a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test-post-test and a control group. The population included all women working in schools in districts 1, 2, and 3 of Tehran. Thirty participants were selected through convenience sampling, randomly chosen from eligible women teachers with high depression scores who agreed to participate. As per the research design, the sample size for each experimental and control group was 15. The protocol involved eight weekly sessions lasting approximately 90 minutes each. The treatment was conducted by an experienced clinical psychologist using MBCT methods. The research tool was administered as a post-test. Data collection included the Beck Depression Inventory and Autobiographical Memories test. Descriptive statistics, such as mean and standard deviation, along with frequency and percentage, were measured. Inferential statistics were computed using the covariance test, and SPSS-20 software was utilized for data analysis The results, obtained through the analysis of covariance, indicated that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy group training was effective in enhancing autobiographical memory in working women with depression. MBCT treatment not only reduced the severity of depressive symptoms in working women but also improved autobiographical memory. In conclusion, this study provides empirical evidence supporting the underlying theory of MBCT. Teachers may benefit from extensive training and safe practice environments. Women with severe depression or dysfunctional cognition may particularly gain from the specific therapeutic effects of MBCT.

The experience of anxiety is one of the basic challenges of patients suffering from migraine headaches, which requires providing effective interventions for it. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness-based therapy with cognitive behavioral therapy in reducing anxiety in patients with migraine headaches. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a one-month follow-up with a control group. The statistical population of the research was women suffering from chronic migraine headaches who had visited Sari hospitals in 2022. 45 people were selected by purposive sampling and randomly assigned to three groups (15 people in each group). The research tool included the Depression- Anxiety- Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). Mindfulness therapy group and cognitive behavioral therapy group received 8 sessions of intervention. The results of repeated measurement variance analysis showed that the source of changes was time (P=0.001 and F=57.59), group (P= 0.001 and F=39.06) and the interaction between time and group (P=0.001 and F=12/83) is significant. Bonferroni pairwise comparison showed that the mindfulness and cognitive behavioral therapy groups had a significantly lower average in the post-test and follow-up stages compared to the control group (P<0.01). Also, the results showed that the cognitive-behavioral group had a lower average anxiety level compared to the mindfulness group in the post-test (P=0.05) and follow-up (P=0.05) stages. The results of the research showed the preference of using cognitive behavioral therapy compared to mindfulness therapy to improve anxiety in patients with migraine headaches by psychologists and migraine headache treatment centers.

Considering the importance of examining somatic symptoms in patients with epilepsy, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the structural model of somatic symptoms based on perceived social support and childhood trauma with the mediating of depression, anxiety and stress in patients with epilepsy.

This study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was descriptive from type of correlation. The research population was the patients with epilepsy of Iran in the 2021 year, which number of 260 people of them were selected as a sample by simple random sampling method. The research tools were included somatic symptoms questionnaire (Kroenke et al., 2002), perceived social support scale (Zimet et al., 1988), childhood trauma questionnaire (Bernstein et al., 2003) and depression, anxiety and stress scale (Lovibond and Lovibond, 1995). Data were analyzed by structural equation modeling in SPSS-24 and AMOS-26 software.

The findings showed that the model of somatic symptoms based on perceived social support and childhood trauma with the mediating of depression, anxiety and stress in patients with epilepsy had a good fit. Also, social support had a significant negative effect on depression, anxiety and stress and somatic symptoms, childhood trauma had a significant positive effect on depression, anxiety and stress, and depression, anxiety and stress had a significant positive effect on somatic symptoms (P<0.05), but trauma childhood had no significant effect on somatic symptoms (P>0.05). In addition, social support with the mediating of depression, anxiety and stress had a significant negative effect on somatic symptoms and childhood trauma with the mediation of depression, anxiety and stress had a significant positive effect on somatic symptoms (P<0.05).

According to the results of this study, it is necessary to plan to reduce somatic symptoms in patients with epilepsy by increasing social support and reducing depression, anxiety and stress.

Not only can the experience of pain be a factor for drug use, but it can also be a motivation to use drugs again during and after treatment.

The purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment-based therapy and mindfulness-based therapy on chronic pain in People with drug addiction.

The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group with one-month follow-up. The statistical population included people suffering from drug abuse who referred to addiction treatment clinics in Arak city in 2021. Using available sampling method, 60 people were selected and randomly put/ placed in experimental and control groups (20 people in each group). The research tool included the revised McGill Pain Questionnaire (2009). Mindfulness therapy was implemented in 8 sessions (90 minutes each session) and acceptance and commitment based therapy was also implemented in 8 sessions (90 minutes each session). Data were analyzed using SPSS-25 statistical software and covariance analysis.

The results of covariance analysis for chronic pain in the post-test and follow-up phase showed/ demonstrated a significant difference (P=0.001). Both treatments had a significant effect on the improvement of chronic pain, and it is worth noting that this effect was greater for the treatment group for whom the treatment was based on acceptance and commitment (P=0.01).

Treatment based on acceptance and commitment showed more effectiveness in improving chronic pain compared to mindfulness. Therefore, the use of acceptance and commitment-based therapy is recommended to improve chronic pain in people suffering from drug abuse.

Recognizing the needs and health status of the elderly is one of the important issues of the society, and in order to empower and improve their conditions, new treatment solutions, rehabilitation and effective interventions should be researched. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation and compassion-based therapy on self-care behaviors of the elderly with mild cognitive impairment.

The present study was semi-experimental in terms of its purpose, application, and research method, with a pre-test, post-test design with a control group with a three-month follow-up. The statistical population included all elderly people with mild cognitive impairment in Tehran who had visited the health centers of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 1400. Among them, 42 elderly people were selected based on the inclusion criteria and were randomly divided into two groups of cognitive rehabilitation and compassion-based therapy and a control group. Cognitive rehabilitation and compassion-based therapy were each implemented during 8 sessions of 90 minutes for the experimental groups, and the control group did not receive any training. The research tool was the self-care behavior questionnaire. Data were analyzed using mixed variance analysis in SPSS version 26 software.

The results showed that cognitive rehabilitation and compassion-based therapy were effective on spiritual self-care, social self-care, physical self-care and self-care during illness (P<0.05). The effect of the treatment based on cognitive rehabilitation in physical self-care was more than the group of treatment based on compassion.

Based on the results of the research, the educational packages of this research can be used in nursing homes and nursing homes to improve the level of self-care of the elderly.

Chronic pain affects the type of thinking, function and feeling of the individual and causes various limitations in the person's life.  This study aimed at developing a structural model of pain perception based on early maladaptive schemata mediated by emotion regulation in people with chronic pain.

The research method was descriptive correlation and the statistical population included all patients who referred to pain clinics in Tehran in 2020 from which 300 people (175 females and 125 males) were selected by convenience sampling method. They responded to the Granfsky and Craig (2006) Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaires, Young's Early maladaptive Schema (1991), and the Visual Pain Scale. The research data were analyzed by structural equation modelling and hierarchical regression analysis. Findings showed that 1) Direct path coefficient between maladaptive schema and negative (β =0.559) and positive (β =-0.333) emotion regulation strategies was significant (P<.01). 2) The direct path coefficient between the maladaptive schema and pain perception was significant (P<.01). 3) The direct path coefficient between negative emotion regulation strategies and pain perception (β =0.107) was not significant (P>0.5), but the direct path coefficient between positive strategies for negative emotion regulation and pain perception (β =-0.115) was significant (P<.05). It was also found that the moderating role of gender in the relationship between negative and positive emotion regulation strategies with pain perception was not significant (P>.05. 4) The indirect path coefficient between maladaptive schemata and pain perception in patients with chronic pain was significant (β =.098,P<.01).  

People's tendency to use positive or negative cognitive emotion regulation strategies can be a determining factor in the relationship between maladaptive schemata and chronic pain perception.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness-based therapy with cognitive behavioral therapy in reducing pain in patients with migraine headaches. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a one-month follow-up with a control group. The statistical population of the research was women suffering from chronic migraine headaches who had visited Sari hospitals in 1400. 45 people were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned to three groups (15 people in each group). The research tool included the short-form McGill pain questionnaire (SF-MPQ-2) by Dworkin et al. (2009). One group received mindfulness therapy and one group received cognitive behavioral therapy in 8 sessions (one session of 90 minutes each week). During the implementation of the research, the control group did not receive any intervention. Repeated measurement analysis of variance was used to analyze the data. The results showed that in the post-test and follow-up stage of pain intensity and its components (sensory perception of pain, emotional perception of pain, perception of pain evaluation, various pains), the mean of both experimental groups is lower than the control group (P<0.01) and the mean of the cognitive behavioral group is lower than the group of mindfulness-based therapy (P<0.05). The results of the research showed the preference for using cognitive behavioral therapy compared to mindfulness therapy to improve pain in patients with migraine headaches by psychologists and migraine headache treatment centers.

The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of emotion-based therapy on cognitive emotion regulation and death anxiety in the elderly with cancer. The design of the present study was mixed, which in the qualitative part was by narrative research method and in the quantitative part was quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design and follow-up with the control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all elderly women with cancer in Tehran in 1401-1400, from which 30 people were selected as the research sample by available sampling method. The package was compiled and presented in the form of 10 90-minute sessions, and content validation was used to validate it. The research instruments were death anxiety and cognitive emotion regulation questionnaires and the analysis method was performed by repeated measures analysis of variance. The results of the research in the qualitative part showed that the four main categories of supportive challenges, physical and physiological challenges, spiritual challenges and emotional challenges were extracted with nine central categories. Then, based on the obtained categories and library studies, an emotion-based intervention package for the elderly with cancer was developed and its validity was approved by emotion-based treatment specialists. The results showed that the emotion-oriented intervention package could significantly reduce death anxiety and negative emotion regulation and increase positive emotion regulation. In addition, the emotion-oriented intervention package was followed up after the post-test, and the results showed that there was no significant change in the post-test after two months. It can be concluded that the emotion-based intervention package is effective on death anxiety and cognitive emotion regulation in elderly women with cancer.

Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder characterized by frequent and spontaneous seizures that are not well controlled with current medications. The aim of the present study is to investigate the mediator role of alexithymia in explaining the effect of perceived social support and childhood trauma on the psychological distress of patients with epilepsy.

This study is descriptive in terms of its practical purpose and data collection method, correlation method. The statistical population of the current research is Iranian epilepsy patients in Iran in 2019-2021. According to the number of variables and paths, a total of 260 subjects are required to perform the structural equations test. A simple random sampling method was used. Data collection tools were Toronto TAS-20, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Perceived Social Support Scale, Perceived Social Support Scale. The data were analyzed in Amus24 and SPSS24 statistical software and structural equation modeling (SEM).

Alexithymia mediates the effect of childhood trauma on psychological distress in a positive way and the effect of perceived social support on psychological distress in patients with epilepsy in a negative and significant manner.

Researchers and therapists in the field of clinical and health psychology, doctors, nurses, neuropsychologists, psychiatrists, psychiatric nurses, social workers and counselors should consider these components in their epilepsy patients based on the results of this research.

Recognizing the needs and health status of the elderly is a decisive issue of any society, and to empower and improve the elderly’s conditions, innovative therapeutic and rehabilitative approches should be investigated. Therefore, the current study aimed to compare the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation and compassion- based therapy on cognitive flexibility of elderly people with mild cognitive impairment. This was a quasi- experimental study with pretest- posttest design with a control group and a one-month follow- up. The statistical population included all the elderly with mild cognitive impairment living in Tehran who referred to the health centers of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2021, among whom 42 people were selected using purpesful sampling method and randomly assigned to the cognitive rehabilitation, compassion- based therapy, and control groups. Each of the theraputetic methods of cognitive rehabilitation and compassion- based therapy was performed for the related experimental groups in eight 90- minute sessions, and the control group received no training at this time. The measure applied in this study included Dennis and Vander Wal’s cognitive flexibility questionnaire. The data were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) in SPSS-26 software. The results revealed that both cognitive rehabilitation and compassion- based therapy were effective on the variables of perceived control, perceived behavioral justification, and perceived choice in the elderly with mild cognitive impairment (p<0.05). However, cognitive rehabilitation was more effective than compassion- based therapy on perceived justification. Based on the results of the study, the educational packages of this study can be used in elderly care homes and centers to improve their quality of life.

Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder characterized by frequent and spontaneous seizures that are poorly controlled with current medications. This disease can occur in any age, race, and social class. One of the psychosomatic diseases that can occur in patients with epilepsy is somatization symptom disorder. The factors affecting somatization symptoms in these patients may include alexithymia, childhood trauma, and perceived social support. In psychology, the occurrence of any phenomenon is associated with several factors; perhaps anxiety, depression, and stress are among the factors that can directly or indirectly affect the relationship between physical symptoms and alexithymia, childhood trauma, and perceived social support. So, this study aimed to provide a structural model of physical symptoms based on alexithymia, childhood trauma, and perceived social support with the mediation of depression, anxiety, and stress in patients with epilepsy.

This study was descriptive in terms of its application and correlational in terms of method. A total of 260 required subjects were estimated for this study. In this research, there were 7 paths, 3 covariance errors, 11 indicator errors, 2 endogenous errors of mediating variables, and 3 subscales of mediating variables. Thus, there are 26 parameters, and 10 subjects were needed for each parameter. We used simple random sampling; the samples were selected by lottery from the list of patients who are members of the Iranian Epilepsy Association. The inclusion criteria were as follows: informed consent, the right to withdraw from the continuation of the research, and the ability to read and write. The exclusion criterion was not completing the questions of the research questionnaires. The research tools included the Patient Health Questionnaire (Kroenke et al., 2002), the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 (Bagby et al., 1994), the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (Bernstein et al., 2003), the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (Zimet et al., 1988), and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale- Short Form (Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995). Data analysis was done by descriptive and inferential statistics. In the descriptive statistics section, the lowest and highest scores, mean, and standard deviation were calculated. In the inferential statistics section, the Pearson correlation coefficient, tolerance coefficient, variance inflation, and structural equation modeling were performed. SPSS version 23 and AMOS version 26 software were used in this research. The significance level for all tests was set at 0.05.

Results showed that the sum of squared multiple correlations (R2) for the variable of physical symptoms was equal to 0.69. This value indicates that emotional dyslexia, childhood trauma, perceived social support, depression, anxiety, and stress explain 69% of the variance of physical symptoms in people with epilepsy. The total path coefficient between alexithymia and physical symptoms was positive and significant (p=0.001, β=0.381), and the total path coefficient between childhood trauma and physical symptoms was also positive and significant (p=0.001, β=0.269). The path coefficient between perceived social support and physical symptoms was negative and significant (p=0.001, β=-0.276). The direct path coefficient between depression, anxiety, and stress with physical symptoms was positive and significant (p=0.002, β=0.356). The indirect path coefficient between alexithymia and physical symptoms was positive and significant (p=0.001, β=0.174), and the indirect path coefficient between childhood trauma and physical symptoms was positive and significant (p=0.004, β=0.103). The indirect path coefficient between perceived social support and physical symptoms was negative and significant (p=0.043, β=-0.078). The fit indices were all acceptable (χ2/df =2.31, CFI=0.956, GFI=0.919, AGFI=0.877, RMSEA=0.071).

According to the results, alexithymia, childhood trauma, and perceived social support have a significant relationship with physical symptoms. On the other hand, the mediating role of depression, anxiety, and stress in the relationship between alexithymia, childhood trauma, and perceived social support with physical symptoms is confirmed.

The purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment-based therapy and mindfulness-based therapy on adherence to treatment in People with drug addiction. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group with a one-month follow-up. The statistical population included People with drug addiction who visited the addiction treatment clinics of Arak City in the year 2021. Using the available sampling method, 60 people were selected and randomly replaced in experimental and control groups (20 people in each group). The medication adherence scale (MMAS-8) Morisky (2008) was used to measure the research variable. Mindfulness therapy and therapy based on acceptance and commitment sessions were performed in 8 sessions of 90 minutes once a week. The analysis of variance of repeated measurements was used to analyze the data. The results showed that in the post-test and follow-up stages, the average of both experimental groups was significantly higher than the control group (P=0.001). Also, the results showed that the acceptance and commitment treatment group obtained a significantly higher average in both the post-test phase (P=0.002) and the follow-up phase (P=0.001) compared to the mindfulness treatment group. The results showed that the treatment based on acceptance and commitment is probably a more efficient treatment compared to mindfulness-based treatment for improving the adherence to the treatment of addicts.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between sexual function and irrational beliefs and self-concept in women.

The present study is a correlational descriptive method. The statistical population of this study includes married women aged 20-40 years living in Tehran (regions 1 and 3) who were studied in the spring of 1400. In this study, the sample size was estimated by Tabachink and Fidel formulas of 116 people, which was reduced to about 140 people, and in order to be optimized for generalization to the community, we were able to use 216 people who were selected by sampling method and selected voluntarily. The Rosen et al.'s (2000) Women's Sexual Performance Questionnaire, Jones (1969) Irrational Beliefs Questionnaire, and Beck and Steer (1978) Self-Esteem Questionnaire were used to collect data. The present study was analyzed using regression test. SPSS software version 25 was also used for data analysis.

The results showed that among the components of sexual function, psychological stimulation, humidity and satisfaction in a negative way and sexual pain in a positive and significant way predicts irrational beliefs in women (P<0.01). The results also showed that among the components of sexual function, sexual desire (p<0.05, β= 0.191) and satisfaction (p<0.05, β= 0.117) were positive and sexual pain (p<0.05, β= 0.404) negatively and significantly predicts self-concept in women.

Based on the findings of the present study, psychological stimulation predicts negative moisture and satisfaction and sexual pain positively and significantly predicts irrational beliefs in women. It also predicts sexual desire and satisfaction in a positive way and sexual pain in a negative and meaningful way in women.

One of the important conditions for maintaining a skilled workforce is to create a healthy and safe work environment through which the negative job consequences are reduced and the positive job results of skilled manpower of organizations and institutions are increased. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of job role stressors with respect to mediating stress arousal on nurses' job outcomes.

The statistical population of the present study was all nurses working in hospitals in the west of Mazandaran province (1878 people in 1398) from which 352 people were selected by stratified random sampling. In this study, Rizzo and Lust (1970) job stress questionnaire, Linz employee job satisfaction questionnaire (2003), Lango and Marrow (2011) standard job quest questionnaire, Metavildo and Scooter employee job performance questionnaire (1994), and scale Stress arousal was used by Smith et al. (2012). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling using SPSS-24 and Amos-24 software.

The results of path analysis showed that the fit of the model is appropriate. The results also showed that stressors of job role and mental preparation have a direct and significant effect on job results. Stress arousal also has an indirect and significant effect on job results.

Considering the important role of stress arousal on nurses' job outcomes, it seems necessary for managers and officials of health centers to pay attention to this matter, so it is recommended to study the causes and appropriate strategies to reduce job stress. Holding training workshops on teaching coping strategies can be effective in improving the job performance of nurses.

The aim of the present study was to compare primary maladaptive schemas and historical memory in people with depressive, anxiety, and normal disorders. The study was practical and causal-comparative. The research population included all people with anxiety and depression disorders who presented to psychological clinics in the 5th district of Tehran in 2019-2020. Therefore, 90 people were selected for this research with three variables (30 people with depressive disorders, 30 people with anxiety disorders, and 30 normal people, 51 females, 39 males). The research instruments included the Autobiographical Memory Questionnaire (AMI) and Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (YSQ-SF). Data analysis was done through Student's t-test and analysis of variance in SPSS26 software. The results showed that the average difference of all five domains of primary maladaptive schemas in depressed and anxious participants compared with normal participants was significant at the 0.01 level, and these two groups had higher mean scores in all five domains of primary maladaptive schemas compared with normal people. they got The difference in the mean score of event memory in the two groups of normal and anxious participants is significant at the 0.01 level, and normal people scored higher average scores in this component compared with anxious participants.

To present a structural model of pain perception based on childhood trauma, early maladaptive schemas mediated by emotion regulation in people with chronic pain.

The research method was descriptive of correlation and structural equations. It was in 1399 that 300 of them (175 females and 125 males) were selected by available sampling method. They responded to the Granfsky and Craig (2006) Emotional Cognitive Regulation Questionnaires, Young's Early maladaptive Schemas (1991), and the Visual Animal Scale. The data were analyzed using structural equation analysis and hierarchical regression analysis. Showed that both positive emotion regulation strategies and negative emotion regulation strategies play a mediating role in the relationship between pain perception and early maladaptive schemas in patients with chronic pain. 

The tendency of individuals to use positive or negative leaders of emotional cognitive regulation can be a determining factor in the effect ofchildhood trauma, maladaptive schemas on the perception of chronic pain.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on perceived stress, psychosomatic symptoms and emotional distress in women undergoing IVF infertility treatment.

The method of this research is quasi-experimental and is a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population in this study included women undergoing IVF infertility treatment who referred to infertility treatment centers and clinics in Tehran in 2019. Cohen's table was used to determine the sample size. According to this table, with an effect size of 0.5 and a power of 0.76 with an alpha of 0.05, the sample size of 30people was estimated and the available sampling method was selected, in which 15 people were randomly assigned in each group (experimental and control). Cohen et al.'s Perceived Stress Questionnaire (1983), Lovibond & Lovibond LacourtAnxiety, Stress and Depression (1995), Lacourt Psychosomatic Symptoms (2013), and Acceptance and Practice Version II (2011) were used to collect information in two stages: pre-test and post-test. The experimental group underwent acceptance and commitment group therapy Based on Hayes therapy package (2002), in 8 sessions of 90 minutes, while the control group did not receive any intervention. SPSS-22 software was used to evaluate the results.

The results of repeated-measures analysis of variance showed that acceptance and commitment based therapy is effective in reducing perceived stress, psychosomatic symptoms and emotional distress in women undergoing IVF infertility treatment (P <0.001). Also, the results were stable in the follow-up phase.

It is recommended that therapists and counselors of infertility treatment centers use acceptance and commitment therapy in infertility clinics to reduce the needs and psychological problems of infertile women undergoing IVF treatment.

Being in sensitive academic conditions often affects students' mental and physical health. This study aimed to model social adequacy using resilience medicated by academic adjustment among the students of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.  

The statistical population of this descriptive-correlational study consisted of all students studying at Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences in the academic year of 2019-20. A total of 320 students were selected using the stratified sampling method. Data were collected using the Flanner Social Adequacy Questionnaire (1990), Connor-Davidson Resilience scale (2003), as well as Baker and Siryk Academic Adjustment Questionnaire (1989). The obtained data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and path analysis in SPSS (version 24) and Lisrel (version 8.80) software.

The results of path analysis showed that resilience had a direct effect on academic adjustment (ß=0.33, P<0.001) and social adequacy (ß=0.15, P<0.001); moreover, academic adjustment had a direct effect on social adequacy (ß=0.28, P<0.001). Furthermore, academic adjustment played a mediating role in the relationship between resilience and social adequacy.

It can be concluded that the social adequacy model using resilience mediated by the academic adjustment among the students of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences fitted the data well. Considering the role of resilience in increasing academic adjustment and social adequacy, it is of importance to create positive beliefs in health and inform people about the impacts of resilience.

As a characteristic pattern of one's behavior, personality, in a broad sense, includes thoughts, feelings, and motivations. In recent years, based on theoretical models, different types of personalities have been introduced, and many tools have been developed to assess personality traits and disorders. Some of these tools are the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), the Cattle's 16 Personality Factor (16PF) questionnaire, the Neo-Personality Questionnaire (extraversion, conscientiousness, consent, neuroticism, and emotional stability), and the PID-5 Personality Questionnaire. Coolidge (2012) developed an inventory based on Horney's theory which consisted of three dimensions of obedience (altruism, need for relationship, self-humiliation), isolation-avoidance (need for loneliness, avoidance, self-sufficiency), and aggression (destructive, power-hungry, risk-taking). Each of these dimensions includes three subscales. The questionnaire examines how people communicate with each other. Therefore, it seems that the Horney-Coolidge Tridimensional Inventory (HTCI) can be used to examine this relationship and other research topics in more detail. This study aimed to evaluate the factor structure and psychometric properties of HCTI.

In terms of purpose, this study was a tool development with methodologic research. Using the available sampling method, we selected study samples from the students of the Islamic Azad University of Tehran in the academic year of 2020-2021. HCTI (Coolidge, 2012) and the Iranian Addiction Potential Scale (IAPS) (Zargar et al., 2006) were used for data collection. First, HCTI was once translated from English to Persian by psychologists and then by an English language teaching specialist. The final version of the questionnaire was prepared by comparing two texts (the original English questionnaire and the translated Persian version). Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, the study data were collected online. The students were told that the purpose of completing the questionnaire was to collect information for research work, and their information would be kept confidential. A total of 450 questionnaires were filled out and returned. Then, questionnaires with incomplete answers were excluded. Finally, 387 questionnaires were used for data analysis. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed by performing a retest and checking internal consistency. In this regard, 50 subjects were asked to answer the questionnaire again after one month. Also, the validity of the questionnaire was assessed by conducting the content and face validity. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to examine the factor structure (construct validity) of the questionnaire and convergent validity to check the correlation with the addiction tendency questionnaire. Data analysis was performed in SPSS22 software and Mplus 8.3 software. The significance level was set at p=0.01.

Content validity was assessed by asking the opinions of psychologists about the items of the questionnaire, and the range of content validity ratio (CVR) was examined for each question, which was between 0.80 and 1. Comparing the values with the table of contents for each question (content validity ratio more than 0.63) showed the validity of items in the questionnaire. The results of the content validity index (CVI) of each question were more than 0.79, which showed their simplicity, specificity, clarity, and appropriateness. Except for questions 26, 42, and 47, which reached the desired value with the changes made in the text of the question and the repetition of the previous steps. The face validity was performed qualitatively by asking the opinions of ten students, and the ambiguity and difficulty level of the questions were removed again. The Horney-Coolidge Tridimensional Personality Inventory structure was confirmed in the Iranian sample. The fit indices of WRMR, RMSEA, CFI, and TLI were 0.83, 0.059, 0.927, and 0.912, respectively. The Cronbach α values (internal consistency) of the obedient, aggressive, and isolated-distant personality dimensions were 0.783, 0.760, and 0.779, respectively. The correlation coefficient of three personality dimensions with IAPS was positive as follows: obedient (0.202), aggressive (0.272), and isolating- avoidance (0.180).

According to the present study's findings, the Horney-College Tridimensional Inventory has the desired reliability and validity and can have clinical use (neuroticism diagnosis) among Iranian people as a measurement tool.