فهرست مطالب ahad noori asl

The role of the military in the political economy of the Islamic Republic of Iran is theoretically and empirically subjected to simplification and reductionism. An analytical methodology and framework are needed to examine how these forces enter the field of economic activities of the country and provide a more complex understanding of the micro and macro trends affecting the presence of the military in the process of economic development (elaborating the matter). The study of this issue requires a historical look at the evolution of the discourse of the Islamic Revolution in the context of the global political economy. The present research tries to give a precise answer to the question; what was the process of development of the nature and function of the military forces in the political economy of the Islamic Republic of Iran? (Question) In this study, inspired by the methodological and theoretical framework of the structure/agent and theoretical themes of the critical approach in the thought of Robert Cox, the structural contexts affecting the military presence in the Iranian economy after the Islamic Revolution have been investigated (research method and theoretical framework). The hypothesis of the article is designed in such a way that the role of the military in the process of economic development of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the framework of anti-hegemonic confrontation of the Islamic Revolution with the world economic system and in the framework of managing the impediments resulting from the international sanctions and systemic pressures on the economy of the country is understandable. (hypothesis).The research assumes that the experience of the role of these social forces in the process of economic development of the country is prone to opportunities and challenges in order for the Islamic Republic of Iran to achieve a model of dynamic national development and exit the existing impediments. Therefore, the experience of the military entry into the economy has been a successful experience in the global aspect. (Research Findings)

The land reform program that began in the 40s, and passed three stages before the Islamic revolution, is something that its aspects could be surveyed from different scientific views. It changed traditional product way in respect to economy, it changed the power hierarchy of rural society and so provided migration of rurals to cities and emerging mass society (one of the important source of Islamic revolution) in respect to history, and emerging new stage in contemporary iran history. though the land program gained some successes but it didn’t reached the observed aims? In other words, why the above program didn’t gain its aims according to scheduled aims and programs? The hypothesis proposed is that the lost of social-cultural bases (or structure) and the lost of proper cooperation among agencies (like proprietors, peasants and king) caused that the land reform program not reaching its aims and encountered breakdown, in spite of many successes. This research by the method and theory of structure-agency (Structuration) has concluded that the flaw of interaction between structure level (the lost of social-cultural conditions) and agency level (the lost of cooperation among proprietors, peasants and king) induced that The land reform program to not reach its propitious aims.Keywords: land reform, structure-agency, social and cultural bases, king, proprietors and peasants

The main objective of this paper is to analyze Political development studies on the Middle East in the recent years which are based on the theory of «failed state». . Generally¡ studies or the role of external actors or the social awareness of people under headings such as «Islamic awakening» and «Arabic spring» has been stressed. This study aimed to investigate the developments in Syria and stress on the level of state analysis¡ the theory of «helpless state» or «failed-state». Therefore¡ according to this theory¡ the developments in Syria have been analyzed with a focus on the level of failed- state and the role of external actors in assisting «failed -state» and the ways out of the challenges Syria is presently faced.

Since the Islamic Revolution, Islamic Republic of Iran has encountered many ups and downs in its foreign policy. From the interim government until the eleventh government, this country has witnessed different viewpoints concerning its foreign policy even in a way that many experts enumerated different discourses and approaches toward foreign policy. In this paper, we examine Iran's foreign policy on the question of how was Islamic Republic of Iran's foreign policy in different periods toward the different dominant discourses. Therefore, based on the available evidence and the statements and actions of the authorities in the constitution of Islamic Republic of Iran on the one hand and by borrowing from Laclau and Mouffe's discourses on the other hand it is assumed that this system, with dominant discourse around the central principle of Velayat Faqih in foreign policy, has had unique view and approaches presented in different periods and it was just the new articulation of the dominant discourse, not different discourses. To examine this question and hypothesis, this study attempts to investigate Ahmadinejad and Rohani's administration foreign policy toward the course of the nuclear negotiations.