فهرست مطالب ahmad mirzakochak khoshnevis

Residential architecture is not only literal words based on specific arrays and techniques, rather, it is a kind of colloquial language in which social contradictions and distinctions are exhibited with the same oral language. The presentational variable is one of the influential factors in the architectural body. Nowadays, dramatic architecture in society as a public affair is a barrier to policymaking with a cultural challenge in the field of architecture. From the point of view of culturalism, presentational variables are associated with culture, while culture, affected by time and field, can be derived from each of the cultural layers or areas; ideological culture (Culture of specialist forces, books, and articles), custom culture (Common culture), elite culture (Imported culture) or foreign culture (Religion and Nationality). Perceiving the relation between the presentational variable and architecture is a part of perceiving the architecture-culture relation. On the other hand, the difference between academic and daily conversation is displayed in the form of the building's skin by entering the distinction which has shown itself in “language”. The explanation of this cultural category in the duality of opinion and action on today's exterior body of housing architecture will assist the audiences in understanding it more accurately in the direction of today's housing pathology. Therefore, in the present study, the indicators of the presentational variable have been explained and then investigated on the exterior body of contemporary Iranian housing.

First, the seven proposed indicators of the presentational variables on the exterior body of a building have been explained according to variations of research literature and reasoning/qualitative analysis using the mixed method, and then the indicators and characteristics, in selected buildings from the domain of “artistic institution”, including selected buildings in architectural competitions, the domain of “public” architectures namely architectures of the artificial texture of society has been investigated using mean comparison test. Data collection for the statistical population of the first and second categories has been done by library and field methods, respectively, and the sampling model of both categories has been purpose.

Among the seven indicators of the presentational variable (modernism, prodigal, isolated, dominant, bourgeois, seducer, rupture of culture), there has been a significant difference in five indicators among the buildings of these two domains; so the most effective indicators of the presentational variable in the first domain means indicators of "isolated" and "modernism" have been the least effective indicators in the second domain and conversely, indicators of "rupture of culture" and "bourgeois" have considered as the most effective indicators in the second domain while they have considered as the least effective indicators in the first domain.

This lack of congruence has revealed an incompatible situation as it seems that public architecture has not been subordinate to the selected buildings of institutions of society and this institution has not shown the required field – according to Bourdieu – in shaping the exterior body of housing in order to gain public obedience.

Social justice has always been one of the most critical citizenship rights. Although spatial justice offered new interpretations in urban planning, it has not been comprehensively defined in housing architecture. The purpose of this study is to obtain indigenous definitions and explain the indicators of measuring social justice in Iranian housing architecture. This research has been done to combine qualitative and quantitative methods with the Weighting model of variables with the help of SPSS software and hierarchical analysis. The theoretical approach was based on the indexing method. First, the library-documentary studies, by reviewing the texts and library documents, the different definitions of Eastern and Western philosophers from the concept of social justice have been studied, and related materials have been extracted from reliable sources. In the other part, the views of contemporary Iranian architects regarding the indigenous pattern of Iranian settlement were examined. Then, by a comparative study of spatial justice indicators and critical factors of housing patterns in Iran, the most important factors affecting the measurement of spatial justice in Iranian housing were obtained. Indicators of social justice in Iranian housing were classified into five categories: conceptual, physical, climatic, social-cultural and, visual aesthetics. Physical categories such as symmetry in the plan, geometric form of blocks, variability in the unit area and, the type of proximity of residential blocks have been studied. Conceptual categories were assessed with questions about spatial hierarchy, flexibility within residential units, resident participation, and space security. Environmental and climatic variables were assessed with questions related to light, ventilation and landscape, balcony, area and, variety of common spaces. Social and cultural indicators were assessed by factors such as the existence of shared service spaces, the social interactions in the open spaces of the complexes, privacy, prediction of units and spaces for the disabled, and for the visual factor items such as the variety of block form, use of decorations, Facade and, the effect of building height, uniformity and uniformity of blocks were evaluated. Finally, the criteria were validated through a questionnaire between professors and experts. The results showed: Units' access to sunlight, proper ventilation, and landscape, provision of spaces for the disabled, attention to spatial hierarchy, flexibility and participation of residents in the development of the residential complex and diversity of common spaces, space security, and diverse area are the most important factors in promoting spatial justice in residential architecture and the use of decorations on the facade in social housing received the lowest score. To conclude, while there are several expressions about social justice, we tried to put spatial justice on a scale, which is the scope of architects, with the help of criteria. These indicators can be effective in creating a conceptual model for creating future spaces. This is done to improve the quality of urban life of vulnerable citizens in social housing. In the hope that in addition to creating physical spaces as a shelter, we can further consider social justice, which has a direct impact on increasing citizens' satisfaction.

 There is a hidden hierarchy connecting the physical, psychological, and behavioral environments. This hierarchy arises from the complete satisfaction of human needs, and the evolution of this hierarchy further guarantees the mental health of the individuals and society. This conceptchr('39')s importance lies in the fact that spaces with suitable and optimal conditions for the physical, mental, and emotional growth of children improve the physical and mental growth of the students. Primary schools are among the most important places where children are influenced and prepared to enter society and more complicated environments. This study is an interventional study. Studentschr('39') mental health is measured before coloring using the standard SDQ questionnaire (which is designed for assessing the studentschr('39') strengths and weaknesses; the parents form consists of 25 questions, and it has high validity and reliability). Goodman devised this questionnaire for respondents between the ages of 3 and 16 years. It comprises five subscales, namely emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity/inattention, peer relationship problems, and prosaically behavior.

 The classrooms are classified into the following five color classes in an entirely similar fashion: blue, yellow, green, pink, and white. At the end of the academic year, i.e., about six months later, the mental health of the first and second-grade students in Mehr and Marefat primary schools (boys and girls schools) in Kerman was measured using the same SDQ questionnaire. The comparison of the posttest and pretest responses provided the following results.

The colors were ranked about their impacts on the studentschr('39') mental health using the TOPSIS technique. Based on the resulting Ci values, the following conclusions are drawn: colors blue, green, pink, yellow, and white have the highest impact in the order mentioned on the mental health of the students in Mehr and Marefat primary schools in Kerman. In other words, blue has the highest impact while white has the lowest impact on studentschr('39') mental health. The colors were then ranked concerning their impact on the female studentschr('39') mental health using TOPSIS technique. The following conclusions are also reached based on the resulting Ci values: colors green, blue, pink, yellow, and white have the highest impact on the mental health of the students in the Marefat primary school (girls) in Kerman in the order mentioned. In other words, green has the highest impact while white has the lowest impact on girlschr('39') mental health. Finally, the colors were ranked concerning their impact on the mental health of the male. Students using TOPSIS technique and the following conclusions are drawn based on the resulting Ci values: colors blue, green, pink, white, and yellow have the highest impact on the mental health of the students in the Mehr primary school (boys) in Kerman in the order mentioned. In other words, blue has the highest impact while yellow has the lowest impact on the boyschr('39') mental health.

 Studentschr('39') mental health was examined for dimensions (emotional symptoms, behavioral problems, hyperactivity symptoms, peer problems, and desirable social behaviors), and different results were obtained.