ahmad momeni

Tourism is a community-based industry, and the participation of residents is crucial for its success and long-term sustainability. This research aims to explore the role of social participation components of local residents in reducing the negative consequences of rural tourism in the central part of Faridan. The research is of an applied type, and in terms of research method, it is a descriptive-survey type based on a questionnaire. The statistical population of the research includes the residents of villages in the central part of Faridan, which according to the last census of 2015, is equal to 14,050 people and 4,673 households. Using Cochran's formula, a sample size of 375 people was sampled. A researcher-made questionnaire was used as the measuring instrument and the face validity was verified by a panel of experts. Its reliability was calculated based on Cronbach's alpha formula, ranging between 0.963 and 0.776 for different components. The questionnaire was randomly distributed among the residents based on the distribution of the village population. The findings suggest a positive and significant relationship between all the effective components of the research (social participation) and the socio-cultural variable. In the regression test, it was found that the educational level had a more significant effect compared to other variables in improving rural tourism. Therefore, increasing participation through social capital can lead to the improvement of tourism and the reduction of the social consequences of tourism in the villages of the studied region.

The purpose of this article is to analyze the effects of social capital on the improvement of social welfare indicators in rural areas of Mehrdasht district of Najaf Abad city. This research is of applied type and descriptive-analytical method which was done using library and survey findings. The statistical population of the research was all the residents of 26 villages of Jalgah district, which according to the statistics of 2015, the whole country was equal to 9066 people and 2863 households, of which 370 people were selected as a statistical sample using Cochran's formula. The measuring tool was a questionnaire made by the researcher, and the face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of experts. The guide study was conducted in the same area of the statistical population with 30 questionnaires and with the data obtained and using Cronbach's alpha formula in Spss software, reliability was calculated for the components of social capital 0.801 and social welfare 0.802. The results of the Pearson correlation test showed a strong relationship between the social capital component and social well-being at the level of 0.854. In the multiple regression test, all the indicators of social capital were effective on the improvement of the social welfare component. Meanwhile, the index of social communication with 0.751 percent had the biggest role in explaining the indicators of social welfare in the rural areas of Mehrdasht. It can be concluded that with the increase and strengthening of social capital, the level of social welfare in rural areas will also increase. All the hypotheses of the research were confirmed and at the end suggestions were presented according to the results.

The expansion of international relations, as well as the expansion of various political and social issues in the world, has led to an increase in the relations of the people of the world, followed by the entry of foreign nationals into different countries, which can in some cases lead to conflict with the interests of the host country. Various legal issues. But this entry of citizens in time of war and special conditions of war, finds its own characteristics and legal dimensions. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to examine the rights of citizens to deal with deportation and deportation during wartime in international law and its important and fundamental challenges. In time of war, the conditions and rules of deportation are different from in time of peace. Even a country that was a neighbor and ally before the war, changes the course of its relations with the onset of war, the first effects of which are seen in the expulsion and persecution of its citizens. This article seeks to study the rights of citizens to deal with deportation and deportation in international law through descriptive and analytical methods. The results show that the expulsion of aliens, even in times of armed conflict, must be based on formal and substantive deportations under peacetime international law, such as human rights restrictions.

Reverse migration is a spontaneous thing that, if it continues, can be a very effective way to revitalize villages and give new life to the identity and function of the village. In this study, due to the necessity of the issue, it tries to analyze the factors affecting the growth of reverse migration to the suburban settlements of Najafabad. This research is applied in terms of purpose and analytical-descriptive in terms of method. The required data was collected through documentary methods and field survey.The statistical population of the study is 11662 people and 3550 households living in rural areas of Sadeghieh district, of which 370 household heads were selected as the sample size using Cochran's formula. The instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was formalized and confirmed by a panel of experts and its reliability was calculated based on Cronbach's alpha formula for different dimensions between 0.922 and 0.710. The questionnaire was distributed based on the distribution in proportion to the population of the village and was done completely randomly among the heads of households. One-sample t-test was used to analyze the results and Spss software was used for all analyzes. The results show that the main factors in the population of suburban villages of Sadeghieh district are due to (economic) factors with the impact of the role of job necessity and proximity to the workplace, (social) factors with the impact of returning to their homeland, (cultural) factors Indigenous residents of their martyr, as a rural example of Hajiabad with 101 martyrs, are the factors (environment) of low population density, factors (infrastructure) of the village being located on the roads of the province and the city. According to the results, practical suggestions were presented.

Our country has been seeking the interaction of officials with the people and vice versa for many years. The creation of local management among the local people themselves is also associated with this issue. In the meantime, good governance through components such as participation, accountability, etc. can be the connecting factor. In this study, we try to study and analyze the effects of good governance on improving the social welfare indicators of rural areas of Frieden city. This research is applied in terms of purpose and is descriptive-analytical and correlational. The statistical population of the study is all heads of households living in the villages of Frieden city, which according to the last census in 2016 is equal to 23311 people and 8430 households, of which 385 people were selected using the Cochran's formula. The instrument was measured by the Mohaghegh Questionnaire, the validity of which was formally verified by Mohaghegh University professors. With Cronbach's alpha coefficient by Spss23 software, the reliability of the questionnaire for good governance variables was 0.830% and for social welfare indicators was 0.837. Percentage was obtained. Sampling was based on the principle of proportional division and the questionnaire was distributed randomly among residents. In analyzing the results, first the good governance situation and social welfare of the regions were measured and then with the help of Pearson correlation correlation test and multiple regression test, the relationship of independent variable to dependent was measured. Pearson correlation results showed that there was a moderate to strong relationship between all variables of good governance and social welfare. In multiple regression, variables (good governance) predict 61% of the variance (social welfare). Meanwhile, the responsibility variable with beta coefficient of 0.30% is more effective than other variables in improving social welfare indicators. It can be said that the sense of responsibility of local managers according to the pattern of good governance increases the level of social welfare of the villages of Frieden city

The purpose of this study is to study the effects of good governance on the viability of suburban villages in Adran rural district. This research was conducted in terms of applied purpose of correlation and descriptive-analytical method. The statistical population of the study is 5831 people and 2107 households have been selected from the rural areas of Adran district. From the total population of the village using Cochran's formula, 365 people were selected as the sample. The instrument of the questionnaire was researcher-made. All samples were randomly selected. Cronbach's alpha for the governance variable was 0.87 and the viability was 0.89. The results showed that the status of good governance indicators in Adran rural district is unfavorable (2.59) and the status of livability indicators is somewhat relatively favorable (2.77). Pearson correlation test was used to see the relationship between the two variables and the results showed that there is a strong relationship between all indicators of good governance and livability. Among these, the variables of justice - centeredness , accountability, law- centeredness had the most relationship and transparency had the least relationship with livability, respectively. It can be said that the observance of justice by local managers using a good governance model has led to equal distribution of facilities and improved livelihood and increased quality of life in the suburban rural areas of the study area. Transparency among managers must be increased and people must be informed about plans and budget allocations. Finally, according to the results of the research, suggestions were made to help the existing challenges

The concept of "self-development behavior and the voluntary development of employees" has a special position in the literature of organizational behavior and organizational resource management; and management scholars and experts have different views on this. The main purpose of the present study was to present a conceptual framework for employees' self-development behavior. This research was done with qualitative approach and thematic analysis. The study population consisted of 425 employees of Khorasan Razavi, North and South Gas Company. Purposeful sampling method was used for this study. The sample consisted of 21 employees with theoretical knowledge and practical experience in self-development behavior. In-depth semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. Based on the results of the research, self-development behavior was categorized into ten key categories of organizational commitment, self-awareness, self-efficacy, self-organization, empowerment, self-efficacy, flexibility, self-learning, resilience, and optimism. The antecedents of self-development behavior were also categorized into three categories: individual, organizational and extracurricular. The results of self-development behavior were also identified in three categories: individual, organizational and extracurricular.

Today, sustainable economics is a vital factor in the survival of rural populations. In the present study, the study area faces problems such as limited and unsustainable income, lack of diversification in economic activities, lack of employment opportunities, the spread of poverty and unemployment, and consequently rural immigration and pressure on the limited economic resources of the village. The diversification of the rural economy is considered as one of the most important economic sustainability strategies and has a significant impact on the region's economy. The present research has been a descriptive-analytical research method for the purpose of applied research. The statistical population of the study is Varzagh rural district of Frieden city in Isfahan province which in year 1395 was equal to (9288 N =) population in the form of 3757 households. According to Cochran formula, the number (370 n =) of households was studied as a sample by questionnaire. Was evaluated. To determine the coefficient of validity of the questionnaire after its compilation, based on survey of professors and experts about the content of the questionnaire and its confirmation, at first, 30 people were questioned in the first test. Using SPSS software, the alpha cronbach For the whole questionnaire, 873/0 was calculated. Data analysis was performed quantitatively and descriptive characteristics were identified. For analyzing the inferential test, the sprayman, single sample t-test, regression correlation and path analysis were used. The results indicate that there is a meaningful relationship between the diversification of rural businesses and the sustainable economy of the region. The greatest effects of diversification are related to the index of increase in revenue with the rate of (576/0) and the least general effects on the index of improvement of the initial infrastructure with the level (0,008). And according to the results of the research, suggestions were presented.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the role of religious tourism in the economic development of rural settlements in the villages of central part of Ardebil. This research is a descriptive - analytic study using a survey method and a library. The statistical population of the study was 16 villages in the central part of Ardabil which were referred to as the potential tourism center and the statistical community of the study. The statistical population of this study was selected villagers living in rural areas of central Ardabil, which according to the census of 1395, is equal to 16474 N = 4835 families and according to the specificity of the studied population, the Cochran formula is used and The sample size was 375n = For a more accurate sample size of 380 was selected. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to measure the validity of the questionnaire. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to determine the reliability of the questionnaire, and the alpha value for the various parts of the questionnaire was 0.76-0.85 Calculated. In order to obtain residents' perceptions about the components, statistical tests of mean of responses and variance and T-test of single sample and Pearson correlation test were used. The results of this study showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between religious tourism and economic components of research. Thus, the most important role of religious tourism in rural economic development is that income (2.92), employment (89.2), rising land and property prices (29.3), investment (2.91), suggesting that religious tourism had the greatest impact on rising land prices and real estate and had the least effect on the formation of society Has been local.