فهرست مطالب ahmad reza jalali naeeni

Today with obsolescence policy of import substitution industrialization, countries are opening their commercial doors to each other. But one of the problems of developing countries is high rate of educated unemployed people. Iran is facing tow phenomena. The first is High rate of educated unemployed people and the second is the increasing in the participation rate. In this survey with information of 49 countries we found that firstly, openness result in increasing the ratio of the educated workforce to total workforce. Secondly, the service sector has more effective than the industrial sector in the ratio of demand of educated workforce. Third, for the entire of 49 countries listed, the ratio of high-tech exports to total exports has a poorly positive impact on the ratio of educated workforce. And forth, the capital output ratio has a negligible positive impact on the ratio of educated workforce to total  workforce.

Investigating the relationship between risk and return and determining the effective factors on the return have always been an interesting subject for finance researchers. By using a capital asset pricing model (CAPM), Sharp (1963) and Linter (1965) investigated that the whole market return is the only effective factor on stocks returns. Chen, Roll and Ross (1986) mentioned that there are indeed many factors affecting the stocks return, other than Beta and the firm's factors.
In this research, we investigate the capability of uni-factor and multi-factor models for predicting the stocks registered in Tehran Stock Exchange for the period 2002 to 2013. The results show that the uni-factor explains only %17 of the stock market variations, whereas the multi-factor models explains %61 of it. Additionally, it is shown that the variable oil price, long run bank interest rate, inflation rate and GDP are not significant factors in predicting the stock price.

Discovering the structure and pattern of crude oil price fluctuations enables us to disclose valuable information about the price change، information transmission and reactions of these markets to the spillover in NYMEX. This study focuses on this task. Moreover، it tries to capture the fluctuation effects on the markets'' instabilities and analyses the spot and future markets operations in both price discovery – through error correction model- or volatility and risk spillover – through multivariate GARCH-BRKK model. The results show that causality in mean is from future to spot market and not the vice versa. In other words future markets undertake price discovery and leadership. The result of volatility spillover، information and risk transmission between markets shows that information transmission is from future to spot market and the reverse does not hold

Increasing number of urban trips and inappropriate use of motor vehicle fleet, especially private passenger cars with its unwanted consequences, including excessive increase in fuel consumption, makes it necessary to think about appropriate strategies and policies for planning and management of energy resources. This paper tries to identify fuel management strategies and policies in urban transportation, based on information gathered from 14 selected countries over the world, and to prioritize them using the Hasse diagram method (partial order theory). Based on the findings, 13 strategies and 44 policies (sub-strategies) may be categorized in three areas (fleet, transportation management, and fuel). Prioritization results of Hasse diagram method indicate that 13 policies from 10 different strategies are generally suitable for metropolises in Iran. Superior strategy is public transportation development. Also the most appropriate policies are: 1- expanding public transportation network, 2- formulation and implementation of fleet fuel consumption efficiency standards, 3- informing users about the various transportation methods to improve travel demands which indicates remarkable priority of ‘transportation management area’ policies compared to two other areas: fleet and fuel.