ahmad shafaeizadeh

Monitoring regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rScO2)andhemodynamic stability (eg,meanarterial blood pressure [MABP]) in high-risk premature infants is crucial to enhance daily clinical practices in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs).

This study aimed to investigate potential differences between oxygen saturation measurements obtained via near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and pulse oximetry (PO).

This pilot study enrolled20verylow-birth-weight (VLBW) prematureneonates through a non-random, available sampling approach. We gathered maternal and fetal demographic data along with clinical characteristics of the neonates. The study focused on assessing tissue and cerebral oxygenation using PO and NIRS. We specifically monitored changes in mean rScO2 and MABP at various time points: before, during, and 5 and 10 min after the administration of surfactant injection (SI) via the endotracheal tube.

The mean gestational age, neonatal birth weight, and Apgar scores at 1 and 5 min after birth were 28.44 ± 2.57 weeks, 1063 ± 246 g, 6.05 ± 2.57, and 7.94 ± 1.79, respectively. No significant differences were observed between mean rScO2 values measured by NIRS and PO before (P = 0.631), during (P = 0.722), and 5 min after (P = 0.783) SI. However, a significant difference between PO and NIRS-based rScO2 values was found 10 min after SI (96.95% vs 75.0%; P = 0.04). Additionally, there was no significant correlation between mean rScO2 and MABP recorded before, during, and after SI.

There were no differences in oxygen saturation measurements (recorded by PO) and rScO2 values (recorded by NIRS) before, during, and immediately after SI. Therefore, using PO in NICUs to assess cerebral oxygenation, autoregulation, and hypoxia appears both reasonable and cost-effective. Further multicenter studies are needed to validate the practical advantages and cost-effectiveness of NIRS as an emerging monitoring system.

Every year, more than 64 million people suffer from traumatic brain injury that can cause psychological disorders.

The patient is a 21-year-old man with behavioral and emotional changes since 5 years ago after multiple traumas. He was referred to the Bioresonance Center and treated with electromagnetic complements for 6 months. After using the complement, speech comprehension and aggressive behaviors improved.

 A bioresonance-based complementary treatment for corneal ulcers is described to determine whether an electromagnetic field can improve intractable corneal ulcers.

 The patient was a 65-year-old man who was suffered from corneal ulcer. The wound was burned five times with laser surgery; however, there was no significant improvement in the patient's condition. He had been treated for a year with electromagnetic frequency complements.

 Since bioresonance therapy can heal the corneal ulcer in this patient, we advised patients to perform this treatment.

 Phantom limb pain (PLP) is a sensation caused by missing an organ in the body, which can be due to amputation. The prevalence of PLP due to amputation is about 82% for upper limbs and 54% for lower limbs.

 This research describes the case of a 71-year-old female patient who developed PLP after having three middle fingers on her left hand amputated due to dipping in a meat grinder. She underwent bioresonance therapy for PLP treatment for 19 months and achieved positive results.

 Regarding the role of PLP in the patients undergoing amputation, bioresonance therapy might be beneficial in managing this condition.

More than 20,000 people annually develop avascular necrosis (AVN) worldwide, most of whom aged 20 to 50 years, and should refer to orthopedic surgeons for treatment. The quality of life of such patients is low due to chronic pain and sometimes they are deprived of their occupation and social life.

A 57-year-old male patient who developed AVN due to long-term treatment with corticosteroids and their complications was significantly recovered following EPT therapy in a three-year follow-up. Regarding the correlation between chronic diseases and SDH, to treat such patients, improve their quality of life, and help them back normal life, safe complementary therapies, such as bioresonance, are recommended.

Burden of injuries is an important public health problem, especially in developing countries. However, a national standard tool for data collection of trauma registry has not been developed in Iran yet.
The present study aimed to describe the steps undertaken in the development of the minimum dataset (MDS) and define the inclusion and exclusion criteria for a case of trauma registry by the national trauma registry of Iran (NTRI).
The working group consists of sixteen elected expert representatives from seven established countrywide active trauma research centers. Following a structured extensive review of the literature, the working party identified the data variables that included key registry goals for pre-hospital and hospital, outcome and quality assurance information. We used data variables from three trauma registry centers: National trauma data standard questionnaire, European trauma care (UT stein version), and Sina trauma and surgery research center. Then, we performed two email surveys and three focus group discussions and adapted, modified and finally developed the optimized MDS in order to prepare the quality care registry for injured patients.
The finalized MDS consisted of 109 data variables including demographic information (n = 24), injury information (n = 19), prehospital information (n = 26), emergency department information (n = 25), hospital procedures (n = 2), diagnosis (n = 2), injury severity (n = 3), outcomes (n = 5), financial (n = 2), and quality assurance (n = 1). For a patient sustained one or more traumatic injury in a defined diagnostic ICD-10 codes, the inclusion criteria considered as one of the followings: If the patient stayed > 24 hours in the hospital, any death after hospital arrival, any transfer from another hospital during the first 24 hours from injury.
This study presents how we developed the MDS in order to uniform data reporting in the NTRI and define our inclusion and exclusion criteria for trauma registry. Applying the MDS and the case definition in pilot studies are needed in next steps.

The effect of fentanyl and morphine, two most frequently used drugs for premedication in general anesthesia, on gallbladder of newborns, has not been sufficiently investigated. Intubation and mechanical ventilation in a neonatal respiratory distress syndrome are stressful procedures, in which these two drugs are used to reduce stress and pain. We studied the effect of these drugs on neonatal bile system during these procedures
The present study aimed at determining the effect of fentanyl and morphine on gallbladder dimensions among newborns admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).
Thirty-two newborns with the gestational age between 26 and 38 weeks, undergoing intubation and mechanical ventilation, were selected for this randomized, double-blinded, clinical trial study. They were randomly divided into two groups; group 1 received morphine and group 2 received fentanyl. Gallbladder measurements (width, depth, length and volume) were compared between the two groups by ultrasound evaluation. The data were collected between Nov 2012 and Oct 2013 at the NICU of the Children’s hospital in Bandar Abbas, Iran.
There were no significant differences between the two groups in the evaluated parameters when demographic variables were compared. We found statistically differences between width, depth and volume of the newborns’ gallbladders. However, there was no significant differences with regard to gallbladder length (P = 0.19).
Morphine caused gallbladder dilatation more than fentanyl. However, it should be considered that total parenteral nutrition (TPN) which is common in NICU leads to gallbladder dilatation. Therefore, it seems that fentanyl could be considered as a preferred short-term analgesic with less adverse effects than morphine. A larger study is needed to confirm these results.

The university student health surveillance system can play a key role in the health promotion of the educated class of the society. This can be done through collecting information related to health and using it for screening and prevention of disease. Hence, this article will be based on the necessity of existence of such system. We used interview and focus group discussion in this qualitative study. The participants were the health system authors, experts, student service administrators, and also students. Content analysis was done after data saturation by the research team. Based on thematic analysis, 249 codes were obtained, and about 20 themes or main expressions were extracted by separating purported sentences and combining them, and omitting overlaps. These themes were summarized into 13 subcategories and finally 4 main categories. The four categories included necessity of surveillance, stewardship, components of health surveillance system, and administrative consideration. From the participants’ point of view, it seems necessary to have a health surveillance system for students; this system must be in accordance with the health system of the country. The Ministry of Health is the best option for stewardship of the system; however, it needs universities’ support. Need assessment, performing a pilot study, and considering a program for quality control can guarantee for success in this program.

Alkaptonuria is a rare metabolic disorder. Symptoms include discoloration of tissues and degenerative joint disease and urinary stones. A 60-year-old man was admitted due to knee and hip pain. Brown lesions on the eye, ear, hand and fingers were visible. Limitation of motion of the hip and knee and elbow was present on both sides. He had history of kidney stones ad Achilles tendon rupture. During hip arthroplasty, black lesions on the greater trochanter and femoral head were visible.

The use of pedicle screws، thoracic and lumbar spine fusion is a standard method for the correction of spinal deformities in children. During insertion، the screws can cause complications، in this study the accuracy of the screw insertion is evaluated by CT scan after surgery. 7 children under 5 years due to spinal deformity had undergone spinal fusion surgery with pedicle screws. After surgery the location of the screws were determined by expert radiologist with using CT scan. A total of 7 patients were studied with 42 pedicle screws. More than 80% of the screws were placed in the desired location. Pedicular damage was detected in which the diameter of pedicle was low (p<. 05)، also it had been happened when surgical operation was accompanied with other complications (p<. 05). Proper placing of screws relates with pedicle diameter in which it is determined by CT scan. This study proposes the pedicular screw operation is a safe method to treat the vertebral deformities.