فهرست مطالب ahmad yazdanpanah

In this study, a dataset comprising 20,328 body weight records from birth to 360 days of age was utilized to compare five growth curve models and genetic analysis of growth curve parameters in Iran-Black sheep. The data and genealogical information were collected between 1981 and 2007 from the Breeding Station of Abbasabad in the Khorasan Razavi province of northeast Iran. The performance of five statistical models including Brody, negative exponential, von Bertalanffy, Logistic, and Gompertz for describing the growth curve of the studied population was evaluated by applying the SAS software. The statistics l measures used for model comparisons were Akaike's information criterion (AIC), root mean square error (RMSE), and adjusted coefficient of determination ( ). The Brody model, exhibiting the highest  and the lowest values for both AIC and RMSE, was selected as the best model for characterizing the growth curve in this breed. Consequently, the parameters of the growth curve, including parameter A (considered as weight at maturity), B (considered as an integration constant), and K (maturation rate) were predicted by applying the Brody model. To investigate the effect of maternal components on the growth curve parameters, nine univariate animal models, including different combinations of the direct additive genetic, maternal additive genetic, maternal permanent environmental, and maternal temporary environmental effects, were fitted. Subsequently, two multivariate animal models, comprising the standard (SMM) and fully recursive (FRM) models were analyzed by using the Bayesian inference. The FRM outperformed SMM in terms of lower means square error (MSE) and higher Pearson's correlation coefficients between the actual and predicted records (r(y, )) values, indicating better goodness of fit. The posterior means for heritability of A, B, and K parameters were low but statistically significant under SMM and FRM. It may be concluded that the growth trajectory traits of Iran-Black sheep are influenced mainly by non-additive genetic and environmental effects, emphasizing the importance of considering these effects for developing the corresponding breeding strategies. The Spearman's rank correlation coefficients between the estimated breeding values for growth curve traits under SMM and FRM indicated significant re-ranking of animals, favoring FRM for genetic evaluation in Iran-Black sheep.

The current investigation was performed to compare the performance of standard multivariate and structural equation models for the estimation of genetic parameters of growth traits in Arman sheep. Data was collected on 2194 Arman lambs in 13 years (1999 to 2012) at Abbasabad Sheep Breeding Station, Khorasan Razavi province, north-eastern Iran. The studied growth traits were body weight at birth (BWT), weaning (WWT), six months (6MWT), nine months (9MWT), and yearling weight (YWT). The predictive abilities of three multivariate animal models comprising standard (SMM), temporal recursive (TRM), and fully recursive (FRM) models were evaluated by applying two statistical criteria including the mean square of error (MSE) and Pearson's correlation coefficient between the observed and predicted records (r(y,y ̂)). In general, TRM performed better than SMM and FRM. The lowest MSE and the highest r(y,y ̂) were found under TRM. All the posterior means for the structural coefficients were statistically significant. Spearman's rank correlation coefficients between the estimated breeding values for the body weight traits were also computed across all, 50% top-ranked, and 10% top-ranked animals. Comparisons of these correlations between posterior means of estimated breeding values of individuals for the growth traits under SMM and TRM revealed that taking the causal relationships among these traits into account could result in significant re-ranking of the animals according to the estimated breeding values; showing that TRM had more advantage over SMM for the estimation of genetic parameters and the breeding values of the studied traits in Arman sheep.

The use of advanced and expensive technologies requires financial, human and capital resources. Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has high contrast sensitivity for visualizing differences among the tissues. Unnecessary diagnostic imaging imposes excessive cost on health systems. This study aimed to determine the appropriateness of brain MRI prescriptions in 2021.

This cross-sectional study recruited 274 patients who referred to Bushehr teaching hospital. They had been prescribed MRI of the brain due to headache and dizziness. We used the data collection form developed in the previous study. The appropriateness of the brain MRI prescription was determined based on the appropriate indications during 2021.

About 61 % of the referrals were due to headache and 39 % were because of dizziness. Overall, MRI was evaluated as inappropriate for about 38 % of the patients. The appropriateness of prescriptions had a significant relationship with age, gender, education, job status, complaint, prescribing physician, and MRI applicant with P-value > 0.050.

Findings revealed more than one-third of brain MRI services were not clinically appropriate. Due to the high cost of MRI, it is necessary to make prescriptions in accordance with indications to prevent unnecessary diagnostic procedures and to prevent induced demand. Health system policymakers and healthcare providers should develop clinical guidelines and implement them to reduce the costs of health systems.

This study was conducted to evaluate the relationship ‎between loyalty, satisfaction, and commitment with ‎relationship marketing to create value for customers and has ‎been designed to collect data from the questionnaires used‏.‏‎ ‎The questionnaires have been distributed among individuals ‎‎193 customers, of Port and Maritime Organization in order ‎to analyze the data and present the results of SPSS software ‎and structural equation is utilized. The results of this study ‎show that between 4 variables (trust, commitment, ‎relationship, loyalty) of the ‎costumers, there are significant relation and correlation. ‎Based on the relationship marketing to component ‎development, hypothesis (customer loyalty) has the ‎highest average (3.5984), hypothesis (There is a ‎significant relation between the organization commitment ‎and create value in Port and Maritime Organization) has the ‎lowest average (3.3871). Finally, by performing a statistical ‎theory test for the whole hypothesis, all of them were ‎approved and accepted.

The aims of this study were to evaluate the treatment efficiency and effectiveness of Vetiveria zizaniodesof two samples of unconventional water of Golgohar Mining and Industrial Company. The experimental samples were included mine wastewater and saline ground water. This research was conducted in a greenhouse at Central Water Research Laboratory of University of Tehran. This experiment was designed as Randomised Complete Block Design (RCBD) including two salinity levels with three replications during four weeks. Results showed that treatment efficiencies of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and Electrical Conductivity (EC) were equal 31.5 and 28.3 percentages for mine wastewater and 33 and 28 percentage for ground water on fourth week respectively. Also results indicated that among Cations and Anions, SO4 and K parameters have shown highest and lowest rates at the end of fourth week respectively. It concluded vetiver treatment system include valuable potential for unconventional water treatment.

In this research, the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) and capital flight in nine MENA countries was studied using panel data during the 1991-2006 Period. For this purpose, at first, capital flight was estimated by two conventional i.e. Erbe and the World Bank and Morgan. The results of cointegration test show that, regardless of the methods of capital flight estimation there exists a long-run equilibrium between the above mentioned variables. Further more, the results reveal that there exists a significant and positive relationship between capital flights and FDI inflows for the period under consideration for MENA countries. Moreover, the above mentioned results are confirmed by applying both methods of capital flight estimations.

The design of present study research is one stage case study in correlation type that is studied and modeled the relations between the variables of case study. from observing all that naturally happened without control the present research process and the obtained results are applicable with regard to performance process , research process is descriptive and solidarity .Research subject scope is liquidity risk the time scope is related to daily data of bank mellat during the years from 1385 to 1387. therefor the area scope of research is bank mellat .in this study two groups of variables are studied . first group of variables are risk effects such as : finance security costs ,debts to central bank , debts to other banks and financial institutes variable of bonds of bank . second group are independent variables that are the risk factors including : investment volume , net flow of funds , total deposits , deposit growth of paid facilities , growth of investing volume , gap between assets and debts ,long-term deposits and at sight deposits . for examination of research hypotheses we are used from correlation techniques of structured equation . obtained resalts of research in bank mellat during Mentioned time scope has shown that liquidity risk in this bank is measurable from variables such as debts to central bank , debts to other banks, finance security costs , bonds volume ,and bank risk is a function of them . on the other hand , among variables which are effective on risk variation , the influence of total deposits , deposits , growth of paid facilities are meaning fully effective . Finding of research which result from structural equation have shown that variable of total deposits ,deposits growth paid facilities have a meaningful effect on liquidity risk .total deposits have a meaningful and reversed effect on liquidity risk . Deposits have a direct and meaningful effect on liquidity risk , also the growth of paid facilities has a direct and meaningful effect on liquidity risk . Main reason of risk are sequencly total deposits, deposits ,and paid facilities. Generally model of risk in bank Mellat shows that : debts to central bank have meaningful effect (0.50%) on liquidity risk in bank Mellat .debt s to other banks have meaningful effect (.29%) on liquidity risk in bank Mellat , finance security costs have meaningful effect (025%)on liquidity risk in bank Mellat .bonds volume has a meaningful effect(0.013%) on liquidity risk in bank Mellat.

Liquidity management is one of the most important functions of financial management in economic firms. In the case of financial and credit institutions especially banks, it has a more important role. Banks require to maintain a portion of their assets in the form of cash in order to be able to respond to their customer’s needs. However, it has an opportunity cost for the bank. In other words, keeping cash in current accounts or maintaining it by Central Bank or other banks decreases the risk of bank liquidity while it deprives banks of investment opportunities and declines the bank returns. In this study, therefore, we tried to design a model in order to forecast the cash amounts of EN-Bank kept in current accounts or maintained by Central Bank or other banks which is totally called “Bank Liquidity”. Thus, forecast was done based on input cash flow during a specific period. Then by comparing this with the goals and strategies of the bank, it has been planned to eliminate the budget deficit or surplus consumption in order to reach the equilibrium at the end of the period. In this method, current accounts, interbank accounts and funds are considered as liquidity. ARIMA and Minitab software are used in order to estimate the model. At the end, forecast was done for the next 52 weeks by this model. As a result, it was observed that bank will be faced surplus liquidity.