ahmad zandvanian naeini

The purpose of this study was to investigate the perceptions and lived experience of primary school teachers of the strengths and weaknesses of virtual education in the corona virus pandemy in the academic year 2020-2021. The research approach was qualitative and phenomenological. The instrument used was a semi-structured interview. The target group included all fifth grade female teachers in girls' schools in Yazd, that 12 of whom were selected by purposive sampling. After the eighth interview, theoretical data saturation was obtained, but interviews were continued up to 12. Data were analyzed by coding and categorization methods and used seven-step Colaizy pattern. The validity of the data was obtained through triangulation method, in the form of referrals to the participants and also the analysis of the group of colleagues. After analyzing the data, 15 sub-themes were identified as strengths and 25 sub-themes as weaknesses, which were classified in to 8 main themes: educational, social, media mediation, parental mediation, cultural, ethical, environmental and economic. Then, contextual factors were extracted which were placed in 8 sub-themes at three levels: macro, medium and micro.

Performance of primary students in mathematics among the countries participating in TIMSS is different. The purpose of this study is to compare the math curriculum of Iran with the five countries which were the pioneers in TIMSS 2015 (Singapore, Hong Kong, South Korea, Taiwan, and Japan). The research method was comparative and the statistical population consisted of all math books of the fourth grade in Iran and the leading countries. The findings showed that some elements are similar among the countries, such as the concepts of numbers, calculation, measurement, and geometry. However, the studied curricula are different from each other, regarding skill of math problem solving, analysis and application of mathematical topics, interesting statistics and algebra topics, and positive attitude to math learning, so that in Iran these areas have been somewhat neglected. At the end, some suggestions were offered based on the findings.

The purpose of the present study is the pathology of the curriculum of the sixth grade of the elementary school. In this regard, three dimensions of structural, executive, and teaching problems are discussed. The research methodology is based on two quantitative and qualitative approaches. Statistical population was all sixth grade students of Yazd city. Using Cochran formula, 369 students were randomly selected. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire that confirmed the validity and reliability by teachers and professors. In order to analyze quantitative data, ANOVA with repeated measure, Mauchly’s Test of Sphericity, inter-subject effects test, multiple comparison test and Friedman rank variance test were used. Coding was also used to analyze qualitative data. Findings show that the main problems of the writing curriculum include structural problems with a mean rank (2.8), teaching problems with an average rating (2.6) and executive problems with an average rating (1.86). Also, the most important problems in the structural dimension were, respectively, the weakness of the general information, the lack of skills in writing the sentences of the beginning of the writing, and the lack of skills in the division of the essay into the sections of the beginning, the text and the conclusion. Also, in the area of executive issues, the most important challenges include the lack of freedom in choosing the csubjects, lack of tranquility and concentration in thinking, the uniteracing class, and the unimportance of teaching this lesson to students. In the dimension of teaching problems, the most important challeings were the selection of stereotypical and uniform subjects by teachers, the lack of attention to the expansion of the culture of reading and students' ignorance of the goals of the lesson.