aisan ghaznavi

This study aimed to evaluate the anatomy of the pterygomaxillary region and the position of the descending palatine artery using CBCT sections. In this analytical cross-sectional study, an evaluation of CBCT scans from 280 patients was undertaken. Axial sections of these images were utilized to determine the thickness, width, and location of the descending palatine artery, as well as the length of the pterygoid plates within the pterygomaxillary region. Convenient sampling was employed to gather these CBCT scans. The mean anterior length was higher in men (41.1 ± 5.6 vs.39.8 ± 6.2) (both with P<0.05). The mean length of lateral plate was 12.07 ± 2.2 and 11.1 ± 2.5 mm in men and women, respectively on the right side (P=0.001) and it is significantly higher in men (12.5 ± 4.7 vs. 11.1 ± 2.5) on the left side (P=0.002). The mean length of the medial plate in men and women was nearly similar and significant on the left side (P=0.005). The thickness of the trigomaxillary region and the nerigoid appendage were not significantly different in men and women and both sides. It has been determined that the distance between the descending palatine canal and the priform rim is longer in females on both sides. The intricate morphology of the pterygomaxillary region can harbor anatomical variations that increase the risk of specific complications during Le Fort I osteotomy. To mitigate these potential risks, pre-operative imaging with CBCT is crucial for scrutinizing the pterygomaxillary region.

Toothache, often caused by tooth decay, cracks, or sensitivity to temperature, is one of the most distressing types of pain. Medicinal plants have long been used in traditional medicine and ethnobotanical knowledge for treating toothache. This study aims to identify medicinal plants used in Iranian ethnobotanical practices to alleviate toothache.

In this review, articles were searched using keywords such as medicinal plants, Iran, tooth, toothache, and ethnobotany. Databases including Google Scholar, SID, Magiran, PubMed, and Scopus were utilized for the search. Relevant ethnobotanical articles were reviewed for this study.

Medicinal herbs such as Origanum vulgare, Papaver somniferum, Mentha aquatica L., Mentha spicata L., Ferula persica Willd, Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Perovskia abrotanoides Kar., Dianthus caryophyllus, Viola odorata, Astragalus verus, Zingiber officinale, Allium sativum, Thymus danensis are identified as some of the most effective plants against toothache in traditional medicine.

Iran's diverse herbal flora and rich ethnobotanical knowledge offer valuable insights and resources for the treatment of toothache. The findings of this study highlight the importance of incorporating this traditional knowledge into pharmacological research to develop effective anti-toothache.

Dental plaque, a flexible white or yellow-gray substance, significantly contributes to periodontal diseases. This study aims to identify medicinal plants used in traditional Iranian medicine for controlling and treating dental plaque.

Keywords such as medicinal plant, traditional medicine, and dental plaque were utilized to search SID, Google Scholar, Magian, PubMed, and Scopus databases. The article abstracts were reviewed, with irrelevant studies excluded and relevant ones selected for analysis.

The findings revealed that medicinal plants like coconut, aloe vera, clove, orange, rosemary, black tea, mango, chebulic myrobalan, miswak, turmeric, barberry, licorice, pomegranate, and black mulberry are essential in traditional Iranian medicine for managing dental plaque.

The medicinal plants identified in this study suggest that herbal antioxidants with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties could effectively combat dental plaque.

This study aimed to assess the anatomical variations of the greater palatine canal (GPC) and greater palatine foramen (GPF) in an Iranian subpopulation using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 193 CBCT scans of adults (94 males, 99 females) taken between 2017-2021 that were retrieved from a radiology clinic in Urmia, Iran. Axial sections were used to assess the position, diameter, and shape of GPF, and sagittal sections were used to assess the length and path of GPC. Data were analyzed by paired and independent t-test, Wilcoxon test, Mann-Whitney test, and Chi-square test (alpha=0.05).

In most cases (97.34% of males and 98.49% of females), GPF was located distal to the maxillary first molar. The mean distance between the GPF and midpalatal suture was significantly greater in males than females (15.2±1.8 vs. 14.3±1.5 mm; P=0.002). The mean diameter of GFP was significantly larger in males than females in both mesiodistal (2.34±0.64 vs. 1.96±0.63 mm, P<0.05) and anteroposterior (4.69±1.17 vs. 4.07±1.20 mm, P=0.001) dimensions. The mean length of GPC in males was significantly higher than that in females (28.55±2.62 vs. 26.90±3.31 mm, P<0.05). The most common form of GPF and GPC (on sagittal sections) was oval, and sigmoid, and curve, respectively. The most common GPC path was anterior-inferior (65.96% of males and 64.65% of females).

The present results provided valuable information regarding the anatomical variations of GPF and GPC in Iranian population. CBCT was proven to be a valuable tool for assessment of maxillofacial anatomical landmarks

Benign migratory glossitis, or geographic tongue is an asymptomatic inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology that affects the epithelium of the tongue. Genetical disposition, allergic reactions, psoriasis, stress, consumption of particular foods, pernicious anemia, acquired immunodeficiency, psychological disorders, lithium consumption are some of the conditions that are associated with geographic tongue. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between the periodic prevalence of geographic tongue and allergic phenomena among patients admitting to the Alborz dental clinic, Urmia, Iran.
In this study, 1811 patients admitted to Alborz Dental Clinic during 2016-2017 in Urmia were studied. After completion of the form and oral examination, the data were analyzed by descriptive and analytic statistics, chi-square and Spearman test using statistical software SPSS 22.
From the total number of 1811 examined patients (1002 women and 809 men), 248 (13.7%) had geographic tongue. This study showed that there was a positive and statistically significant relationship between geographic tongue and allergic phenomena. (r=0/138, p According to the results of this study individuals with a history of allergy are twice more likely to have geographic tongues. The more severe the allergic signs the higher the probability of having geographic tongue.

The aim of this in vivo study was to determine the prevalence of the second mesiobuccal canal in the maxillary first molars of patients wh6 referred to the radiology clinics in Urmia using cone beam computed tomography.
In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 167 CBCT images of the maxillary first molars (kVp=90, MA=12 and a voxel size = 0.2 mm FOV=9*13cm), which included maxillary anatomy, were evaluated by two expert observers (two radiologists). The images were evaluated at the axial plane reconstruction with 1 mm slice thickness and 1 mm interval from the pulp chamber floor of the tooth to 4-5 mm apical to the CEJ.
In the sample population, the prevalence of the maxillary first molar second mesiobuccal canal was estimated to be 9.88 %, 8.08% and 23.66% on the left, right, and both sides, respectively. Based on the independent t-test results, there was no significant association between the gender of the individuals or side of the teeth and prevalence of MB2.
Despite the limitations of the current study, it could be concluded that, roughly, 41 percent of the maxillary first molars have an MB2 canal. We found no significant correlation between the gender of the individuals or the side of the teeth and occurrence of MB2. In general, the mesiobuccal root of the maxillary first molars has more variations in canal anatomy in comparison to the distobuccal and buccal roots. Relatively high prevalence of MB2 canal increases the probability of endodontic failures. Therefore, using the noninvasive CBCT imaging may contribute significantly to the treatment of maxillary molars due to its high precision.

Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is applied for the imaging of the maxillofacial and dental structures, particularly for surgical treatments and dental implants. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of slice thickness on the accuracy of CBCT linear measurements.
In this diagnostic accuracy study, forty-two titanium pins with the same dimensions were inserted into seven dry sheep mandibles. The length of the pins before the insertion was carefully measured by a digital caliper, (0.01mm accuracy). Imaging of the mandible performed using CBCT New Tom VGi. After image reconstruction by NNT Viewer, linear measurements were made on cross-sectional slices (thicknesses of 0.125, 0.5, 1 and 2mm) by three radiologists. The accuracy of measurements assessed using descriptive indices and compared between different slice thicknesses by repeated measures ANOVA.
Repeated measures ANOVA showed a significant difference between different slice thicknesses (P=0.024). According to the least significant difference (LSD) test, the difference in absolute errors was significant in all thicknesses (P=0.024). Measurements at 0.125 mm thickness were significantly different from others, with a higher error rate (mean absolute error=0.17). Measurements at 0.5mm thickness showed a significant difference with those at 0.125 and 2mm (mean absolute error=0.15). Measurements at 2mm thickness were significantly different from those at 0.125 mm thickness (mean absolute error=0.13).The average error rate was lower in 2mm thickness and the measurements were more accurate.
A statistically significant difference was seam between CBCT measurements and actual sizes in different slice thicknesses. The differences were below 1mm, and clinically acceptable.