فهرست مطالب akbar nasrollahi

After the military defeats and the loss of the occupied territories, ISIS suffered a fundamental disturbance in the center of gravity of its power, and in this situation, it considered the media as a suitable platform for advancing governance. Accordingly, while moving his rule from the real space to the virtual space, he made the media the center of gravity of his power. This shifting of the center of gravity of governance has led to the revival of ISIS by attracting new forces through the management of their exclusionary perception and identification with the power of the media and finally, turning the attracted audience into a lone wolf and terrorist acts in Shiraz, Kerman, Moscow and other areas. The world has become The following article, with a qualitative approach and the foundation's data strategy, has tried to calculate the components and indicators of the power of ISIS in the center of gravity of the media; For this purpose, from the statistical population, all ISIS media productions in the four formats of photos, text, video and audio from Dabiq and Rumiyah publications from 2011 to 2016. As well as the images, posters, epic hymns and texts that ISIS has published in cyberspace from 2016 to 2024, the data has been entered into the Maxqda 2020 software to the extent of theoretical saturation, and the perceptual-identity components of ISIS's power in the center of gravity have been determined. In the post-brokerage era, the media is included in 9 components and 44 indicators.

Today, media have influenced all aspects of life. Therefore, a deeper understanding of media strategy is essential. The aim of the present study was to analyze the dimensions and components of strategy in media based on the meta-synthesis method. In this research, using the meta-synthesis approach, an attempt was made to systematically analyze the scientific literature in this field and provide a conceptual framework for configuring the subject of science and technology diplomacy. To this end, out of 130 identified relevant sources, after undergoing the necessary steps, a total of 23 sources were reviewed and analyzed. The findings indicated that the concepts related to media strategy can be categorized intofour main dimensions: the nature and essence of strategy in media, the formulation of strategy in media, the implementation and execution of strategy in media, and finally, the outcomes, evaluation, and impact assessment of strategy in media.

The "Islamic State" group, known as ISIS, in the crisis situation of Syria and Iraq, by adopting a discourse different from other Salafist-Jihadist currents and groups and by claiming the formation of an Islamic caliphate in the areas under its control, expanded rapidly and was able to establish a quasi-state structure in this Create zones. ISIS changed its discourse from an identity discourse to a geopolitical discourse by choosing the "Caliphate" as its central sign. The repeated defeats of ISIS and the liberation of the two cities of Mosul and Raqqa from the control of ISIS in late 2017 disturbed the discourse of this organization, which was based on the occupation of the land. In the situation that ISIS's life as a quasi-state organization has ended, this article was written to answer the question, "What is the security threat of ISIS's developmentist discourse?" In order to answer the research question, using the content analysis method, this hypothesis has been investigated that "the center of gravity of the power of ISIS is the discourse of this group. For this reason, in order to maintain this center of gravity of power, ISIS has made changes in it according to the conditions and requirements of time and place. The findings of the article, while confirming the research hypothesis, show that ISIS, while being loyal to the central signifier and the floating signifiers of the previous discourse, has added new floating signifiers to its discourse and presented a new articulation of the signifiers.

The main point of this research is to design the executive model of strategic media management of the Judiciary with the approach of promoting social fund in social media. The research method is qualitative-quantitative, the qualitative phase with the Delphi technique and the interview tool, the statistical population according to "Berkhoff" including 11 experts been selected and are using the content analysis technique to analyze the text of the interviews regarding the dimensions and components been used. Semi-structured interviews in the form of basic themes and components of social capital in cognitive, structural and communication dimensions and strategic media management in the dimensions of environmental analysis, formulation and determination of strategies, allocation of resources, implementation and strategic control and to determine the current situation of the dimensions of A one-sample test was used. By analyzing the content of the interviews, 7 dimensions and 27 statistical components and a strategic management model of the judiciary were designed. The results showed that strategic media management in social media leads to the improvement of the social capital of the judiciary. During the content analysis, coding and the output matrix, showed that the judiciary does not have a favorable situation in terms of strategic media management, and it is very necessary to have a clever and administrative model for the implementation of organizational strategies.

Twitter has become a new tool for diplomatic affairs and international relations, and the use of this tool for countries in the direction of exercising soft power in the international environment and as a type of digital media diplomacy is very worthy of investigation and analysis. What has been examined in this research is "how Twitter diplomacy works in the two countries of Iran and the United States" and the purpose of the research is to study the function of Twitter diplomacy as a media diplomacy tool and to know the role of Twitter in the effective transmission of political messages by examining the Twitter messages of the president. He is the former president of the United States and the former foreign minister of Iran. How to use Twitter to advance the goals and objectives and secure the national interests of the two countries, understanding media diplomacy and examining the way of representing foreign policy, and finally the similarities and differences between the Twitter diplomacy of the two countries, Iran and the United States, are things that can be explored by exploring The content of the twitter messages of these two officials was analyzed through thematic analysis method.self and other representation, validation and devalidation for self and other; The main axis of Twitter diplomacy has been the use of Iran and the United States, and in the absence of official diplomacy between the two countries, it is considered the most key tool for reproducing soft power and an opportunity for the diplomacy of both countries

Mass media such as news agencies, due to their ability to direct public opinion, play a key role in various stages of the crisis, including the reconstruction and recovery phase, so that by defining and implementing their positive and intrinsic roles, they can increase the resilience capacity of society. However, the prerequisite for this assistance is that they can maintain their original status after the emergency and continue to provide services; In other words, be resilient. To make media resilient, the first step can be to measure how well they perform, and in fact, how resilient that media is in the face of crises. This issue is based on providing indicators that show the performance of the media in the face of crises. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop the performance indicators of the resilience of Iranian news agencies in natural crises in the reconstruction and recovery phase. In this qualitative research, the data were collected using a systematic review of resources and also a semi-structured interview with 12 subject matter experts and analyzed using thematic analysis. The analysis of research data led to the introduction of 3 comprehensive themes (as dimensions) including "learning development", "news continuity", and "monitoring and follow-up", under which 5 components are "monitoring the actions of officials", "take care of the environment and public opinion ", "Experience Writing", "Futuristic Education" and "Situational Reporting". Finally, 12 indicators were identified and presented as performance indicators of the resilience of Iranian news agencies in the stage of reconstruction and recovery of natural crises.

This article aims to "designing a model for how to cover Iranian television news with the aim of promoting public health" and aims to analyze the content of health news on television with emphasis on the Corona pandemic, comparing two Iranian and two German television channels. In order to conduct content analysis, first the important dimensions and related topics of health news coverage were defined. A total of 62 news broadcasts from the four networks were reviewed and analyzed in the period of February 18 to March 22, 2020 including 749 pieces of news related to health. The results show that the two German networks paid more attention to the coverage of health management than the two Iranian channels (ZDF with 96.8% and ARD with 64.9%), while the share of content about hygiene and health products in the two Iranian news programs was higher. Regarding material capacities and deficits, Iranian networks show higher coverage (>15%) than the two German networks (<15%). There is no systematic difference in terms of human capacities and deficits in the field of health. The amount of Iranian news in the field of health services and consulting is much higher than the two German news programs. Coverage of physical health dimensions in ZDF network (94.2%) and channel two of Iranian Television (72.3%) is higher than the other two networks. In evaluating health news across all themes, the two Iranian networks follow a similar pattern, but the patterns of the two German networks are mostly not similar.

The tourism industry has very high capacities for growth and development. One of the most effective factors in the development of tourism is advertising and information-giving through the virtual space. Accordingly, social networks play a decisive role in creating culture, educating, information-giving and creating social participation in the development of the tourism industry. Since Iran, as a developing country, has sufficient capacity for the development of virtual tourism, we seek to investigate the issue in this article. The main purpose of the article is to investigate the capacity of social networks in virtual tourism marketing. In terms of the goal, this research is developmental-applied, and in terms of the implementation method, it is a mixed exploratory (quantitative-qualitative) research. The measurement tools are questionnaire and specialized interview. The statistical population of this research consists of communication professors who are knowledgeable and active in the field of virtual space tourism, activists in the field of virtual space tourism, individuals involved in the advertising of virtual space tourism, managers of tourism agencies active in one of the social networks, and experts in information technology (IT) and marketing. The sampling method in this research is purposeful. According to the results, the use of video and photo content in social networks plays a significant role in the success of virtual tourism marketing. Social networks can attract the attention of the audience by depicting the places and capacities of Iran's tourism through photos and documentary films and prioritizing and highlighting them for the success of virtual tourism. In addition, the results of this research show that there is a significant role between the price of tourism services and the use of celebrities in the success of virtual tourism marketing.

Nowadays, the use of talents as leading human resources in various organizations, including national media news, has become an essential matter, and a special educational model should be designed and presented for them; Empowerment and promotion is a part of this educational model that this research tries to achieve. For this purpose, in order to determine the criteria and methods of empowerment based on Hatum's model and using pluralistic hybrid research (simultaneous collection of qualitative and quantitative data, combining them and using the results to understand the problem) and using interview and questionnaire methods. , from the target population of 50 people consisting of Khabar Sima experts, the required data in the qualitative part with a sample size of 20 people based on theoretical saturation and selection with the snowball technique and in the quantitative part with a sample size of 44 people based on the Cochran formula and sampling It was collected by simple random with replacement. Qualitative data were analyzed using the theme analysis method and using the Atride-Sterling approach, and finally, the network of themes including 35 basic themes, 13 organizing themes and 2 overarching themes was obtained, which as a result of criteria In order to empower talents in accordance with strong performance in the past and strong potential in the future, as two overarching themes, methods were proposed to increase cognitive learning, emotional intelligence, and experience to improve technical competencies, interpersonal competencies, and managerial competencies.

In recent years, numerous changes and increased competition in media organizations, especially in the news and information section, have made it difficult to advance the goals and policies of the news sector of media organizations, including IRIB. In line with that, adopting new policies, including attracting talents, can be the beginning of a correct and worthy move in this field. Due to the fact that recognizing the required properties and talents to work in the news department of the IRIB is essential, this study seeks to explain the properties of the required talents to work in the news section of the IRIB. This research has been done by using the method of content analysis and data collection through interviews with managers and editors of the IRIB’s news department and other experts. Benefiting from the target inherent characteristics, properties related to learning, providing appropriate and properties resulted from the experience are the three comprehensive themes resulted from this research.

In recent years, some media and social networks have created new issues and problems regarding the state of citizens' political participation in elections. Among these, the role of online and virtual social networks has a special prominence. These networks have played a serious role in the field of political and social power by taking hold of public opinion and stimulating its control and direction. This influence is to such an extent that it has even affected the process of various elections, until even the presidential elections of the United States of America in 2016 and 2020 were not immune from them. Therefore, the present study was written with the aim of understanding the pattern of social networks in the management of the 2016 and 2020 American election behavior from the perspective of experts, and to achieve this goal, the grounded theory method was used.. The result of the basic theory is a new approach that consists of the characteristics of the above categories. This approach is based on the "irrationality of the rationality of social networks" approach. This approach has features such as: making policies and people more democratic, the colorful role of the content production sector by users, avoiding directing public opinion, providing quick information, using the funds of the elite sector. And experts, the flow is from the bottom to the top, avoiding the use of behavior identification algorithms, being responsive and active participation of the people.Keywords: US presidential elections, social networks, virtual space.

The current study used a qualitative method to understand the issue of the desired media norm of the international news agency inside the country.A semi-structured in-depth interview method was used to collect information and raw data.The statistical population of this research included all specialists and experts in the field of media and news agencies with management experience in the field of news and news media.The procedure for analyzing the collected data is thematic or thematic analysis, which is one of the most common methods of analyzing textual and interview data.The findings of the thematic analysis included three main themes: "norms of professional authority, practical norms (politics) and value norms". The findings related to the "norms of professional authority" showed that since the news coverage of news agencies is currently influenced by micro and macro tastes and currents, mainly political and general policies as well. Determined by the mentioned factors, planning to achieve professional authority under a media norm is able to significantly improve the position and base of a news agency. The findings of this research in relation to "practical (political) norms" indicated that news agencies are forced to comply with certain social norms in order to gain credibility and authority according to the context of each society.Also, the findings related to "value norms" indicated that news agencies follow different value principles and norms based on their influence from different cultural, political, social and economic contexts.

Background and Objectives:

 The aim of this study is to draw a comprehensive picture of patients’ functional and critical health literacy and its association with socio-demographic variables and self-efficacy. We investigated the referrals to Isfahan health centers, in particular the dimensions of reading ability, numeracy and eHealth literacy using two different measures, NVS for the functional and the eHEALS for critical aspects. 

The surveys were administered to a random sample (N = 384), which resembled Iran Isfahan residents in terms, educational attainment and self-efficacy but not age and gender. For testing individuals with low health literacy, the NVS is a reliable and quick screening tool. eHEALS helps to measure patients’ capabilities in Internet searches. Both of tools are validated in Persian. Pearson’s correlation coefficient, χ2-test, independent t-test and regression were also used to assess the association between health literacy measures, self-efficacy and predictor variables. (p <0.05)

More than 60% of our respondents had an inadequate or marginal level of health literacy with NVS, and with eHEALS, more than 50% were classified accordingly. NVS and eHEALS scores showed an association with higher education one of the predictors of health literacy. Higher eHEALS scores were associated with higher self-efficacy. eHEALS provides a valid self-reported assessment of patients’ eHealth literacy, and NVS provides a useful appraisal of patients’ functional health literacy. 

In our sample, more than 50% of patients had a low level of literacy. eHEALS provides a valid self-reported assessment of patients’ eHealth literacy, and NVS provides a useful appraisal of patients’ functional health literacy. Determining health literacy in patients leads to a better understanding of their perception, application and decision-making in health problems.

This article concerns the new media policy-making in Iran. Today, any media policy-making requires consideration of other areas of communication, including new communication technologies. The purpose of this study is to identify the most important strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of new media policy-making in Iran with the focus on the IRIB organization and the National Center of Cyberspace .This research uses a method based on SWOT Analysis Matrix to deal with the IRIB & the National Center of Cyberspace’s media policy-making whit new media. Therefore, purposive interviews were conducted with 26 managers and experts in the area of policy making and media. The findings demonstrate that in new media policy-making, weaknesses of the IRIB organization outnumber the strengths, with the future threats overshadowing the opportunities. Therefore, The organization must reduce its vulnerability by putting scientific policies on the agenda, avoiding duplication of work, resisting informal pressures, and using audience-friendly policies. On the contrary, strengths of the National Center of Cyberspace outnumber the weaknesses, with the future opportunities overshadowing the threats. Therefore, This center should also monitor the country's cyberspace as much as possible by strengthening the infrastructure and creating a national information network, policy-making on content production with Iranian-Islamic lifestyle themes, using the power of knowledge-based companies and the private sector and policy-making in order to promote people's media literacy, take advantage of external opportunities to strengthen its strengths.These findings show the political and ideological components as well as their complicated processes in media policy-making.

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a media literacy training program and determine its effectiveness in reducing Internet addiction and improving the quality of life of teenagers in Karaj. In the present study, the development of the educational program, the qualitative part and the evaluation of the effectiveness of the educational program had a quantitative part. In the qualitative part, it was a type of thematic analysis with a sequential exploratory design and in a quantitative part, it was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included teenager students aged 15 to18 years in Karaj in 1397, which was a sample of 400 teenagers who were diagnosed with Internet addiction using the Internet Addiction Questionnaire, of which 40 were randomly selected and randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. For the teenagers in the experimental group, a media literacy training program was conducted in 10 sessions, each session lasting one hour. Data analysis was performed using multivariate and univariate analysis of covariance. The results showed that media literacy training significantly reduced Internet addiction in the experimental group participants. Education also had a significant effect on quality of life and its components; But in the components of social functioning, emotional problems and physical pain were not significantly effective. Based on the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that the media literacy training program can be used as an effective intervention to reduce Internet addiction and increase the quality of life of teenagers

Considering the country's vulnerability to various disasters and the important role of the national media at the time of accidents and disasters and the public's attention to the media at this time, the present study aims to achieve and design a news executive model in crisis management.

This research has a mixed approach and therefore the research was conducted in two phases, qualitative and quantitative. The first phase is done using the method based on grounded theory or grounded theory and the next phase is done using the quantitative research method based on the researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative section includes managers and media and crisis elites who were interviewed using purposive sampling and saturation (25 cases). The statistical population of the quantitative section also included 196 managers, experts and media and crisis experts (Red Crescent Society and Crisis Management Organization) of the country.

Based on the research findings, it can be said that categories such as the nature and unprofessional coverage of news, biased news organization, lack of media independence and ultimately public distrust and tendency to alternative media as the requirements for designing news executive model in crisis management were coded as causal conditions. In the theory analysis process, the help of MAXQDA software version 2020 was used, which identified a total of 120 concepts and 20 categories. Then, in the quantitative part, using Smartpls3 software, the relationship of these categories to explain the news in crisis management was obtained.

According to the results, the categories of accountability of officials, social cohesion and increasing resilience, improving media performance and gaining public trust are the consequences of using appropriate strategies for developing news in crisis management. The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the nature and unprofessional coverage of news with the design and explanation of crisis management news and also people's distrust and tendency to alternative media with inappropriate design of crisis management news.

Nowaday, active organizations, especially media organizations, are always faced with a concept called changes, which has an undeniable impact on various dimensions, including their structure and management method. Among the causes of these changes are new technologies. In recent years, new technologies have not only undergone changes themselves, but are rapidly affecting the organizations situation and function. These technological developments inherently present challenges and threats such as survival and competitive advantage that advanced organizations use as an opportunity to develop agility.

To provide a conceptual model of the role and the position of new technologies in media organizations agility.

The present study is by nature exploratory, and is an applied one used the survey method. The statistical population of this research are university professors in the field of media and communication management, active and retired employees and managers of IRIB Organization, consisted of 160 samples.

New technologies are an effective tools for “speed”, “flexibility”, “Responsiveness” and “competency”.

Research findings show that new technology has a significant effect on improving media organizations agility. In this regard, among the four variables of organizational agility examined, the use of new technology has the greatest impact on the variable “competency”.

Increasing access to virtual social networks, including Instagram, in Iran has created a unique opportunity for the growth of celebrity culture and their support due to creating an informal media environment and increasing the power of users to share their photos, videos, ideas, emotions, feelings and concerns. In this regard, the aim of this research is to study the concerns of celebrities on Instagram cyberspace and its consequences for fans. The research method used in this research is a qualitative method and the content analysis approach has been used as the operational research method. The participants of the present study include 21 followers of celebrities (with more followers) on the Instagram social network who were selected using a purposive sampling method. In-depth semi-structured interviews were used to collect the data. Also, portability, reliability and verifiability approaches were used to test the validity of the data. The research findings indicate that the concerns of celebrities on Instagram include the representation of social issues, charitable activities, personal branding, and earning the money. The consequences of being the virtual fan of celebrities on Instagram include influencing and changing the people's tastes, influencing people's political interests, exacerbating the social distrust, civil disobedience, and isolating the thought-provoking personalities.

As the mainstream media in the country, in order not to lag behind the competing media in the field of news and information, Sada-e Azadi news agency must use all the capacities of the day in the world, including virtual social networks. Therefore, it seems necessary to know how competing news media operate in this field. In this study, while comparing the Instagram of the Radio News Agency and the BBC Farsi, an attempt was made to identify the relationship between the interaction of users and the payment of news subjects on Instagram of these two news organizations. To achieve this important goal, the researcher purposefully identified the same news subjects in the period of 9 months from autumn 1998 to spring 1999 and selected a total of 180 posts and analyzed them using quantitative content analysis method. The most important findings of this study indicate that the Radio News Agency has ceded the field to its competitor in the number of daily posts, but there is no slight difference between them in the way of using news elements and the way of using them. In BBC Farsi, there is a significant relationship between the use of the combined news value of reputation / encounter, political news subjects and political videos and the level of user interaction in the likes and comments components. On the other hand, the news values ​​of encounter / inclusion and Reputation / attitude are significantly different from other components.

Due to the vulnerability of the country to various disasters and events, the role of directing public opinion, and the attention of the general public and political elites to Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB), the present study aimed to obtain and explain an executive model of IRIB news in crisis management.

This study was conducted based on an applied research method in terms of objective, and it is qualitative research using an exploratory approach in terms of method. The statistical population consisted of experts, managers, and professors of media and crisis (Crescent Society and Crisis Management Organization). The data were collected using a semi-structured in-depth interview technique, and a saturation was observed using a targeted sampling and after 25 interviews. In addition, the Strauss method in grounded theory was applied to analyze the data. Moreover, in the process of theory analysis, MAXQDA (version 2020) was applied, and a total of 120 concepts and 20 categories were identified.

Some categories, such as the unprofessional nature of media, unprofessional coverage of news, biased news organization, lack of media independence, public distrust, and tendency toward alternative media, are the requirements for explaining an executive model of news in crisis management, which are axially coded as causal conditions. In addition, appropriate news coverage, information, analytical programs, people's voice, crisis management principles and organization, education and informing, and culturalization, were the seven main categories selected as the main strategies to develop the model.

Some categories, such as the improvement of media performance, de-escalation instead of crisis-making, rumor prevention, obtainment of public trust, accountability of officials, organizing and mobilizing human forces, social cohesion, increasing resilience, as well as reconstruction and rehabilitation, are of the consequences of using appropriate strategies to explain IRIB news in crisis management.

AIDS is one of the most important problems in health area which human efforts to find an effective treatment for it has not yet come to a fruition. The increase in the number of HIV positive patients across the world, , justifies the attention paid to this disease and its representation in mass media. Disease portrayal has been found to be associated with attitudes towards specific diseases, feelings about the person with the disease, as well as what needs to be done about the disease. Therefore, three medical dramas including “the shadow of loneliness”, “casualty” and “all saints” in the research were analyzed to know how HIV/AIDS is represented in mass media. Semiology and discourse analysis were used as methodology and twelve scenes were analyzed in general. “Scene” is the unit of analysis in this research. The findings suggest that in each of these TV series the emphasis is upon a certain way of infection and other disease dimensions including disease development course, prevention, treatment and in general biomedical dimension are ignored. Whereas, the ethical and religious dimension of prevention, with emphasis on ethics, social support, especially family support and encouragement in fighting the disease are under stressed.

In the modern age, businesses are growing and expanding intensely because of emerging new technologies and their availability. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting the expansion of home-based business in telegram and Instagram. The research method is quantitative and based on a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population of this research includes home business activists, and the needed volume for the society was calculated 382 people based on Cochran formula. Next, members were selected and questioned using simple random sampling method. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated using Cronbach's alpha method which is 0.772 which indicates acceptable validity of the items in measuring the research indices.The theoretical basis of this research is presented in two categories of media and economic theories of thinkers. Concepts and ideas of Walt Whitman Rowstow, David Reesman, Raymond Williams, Neil Esmelsrou Theories used include the Third Wave of Alvin Toffler, the Danish-based intercontinental society, the use and satisfaction of Manuel Castells.The results show that the set of economic, political, managerial and communication infrastructure factors, government oversight, government support and enhancement of ICT structure, tax and transaction costs, and the type of virtual network, have been instrumental in the growth and expansion of the home business.

Communication policies are a set of principles and norms formulated to guide the performance of the information and communication  systems. Today, any policy-making in media organizations requires that other communication areas be fully considered.The present paper mainly concerns the strategies adopted by the National Media in modern communication media policies and the study aims to identify the most important strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the National Media in this regard and  to formulate the appropriate operational strategies for the policy. In this study, a qualitative-quantitative method based on SWOT Analysis Matrix through purposive interviews with 12 media experts and policy makers of this Media was adopted to examine the related policies. In total, 12 strengths and opportunities have been identified as advantages and 11 weaknesses and threats as constraints. A score of 2.43 of the evaluation matrix of the internal factors and a score of 2.49 of the evaluation matrix of the  external factors show that weaknesses of the National Media policy-making on modern media outnumber its strengths, with the future threats which overshadow the opportunities; accordingly, some defensive strategies (WT) for tackling these threats have also been presented.

Increasing access to virtual social networks, including Instagram, in Iran due to the creation of an informal media environment and increasing the power of users to share photos, videos, ideas, emotions and feelings, has created a unique opportunity to grow celebrity culture and support them. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to study the causes and determiners of the virtual fan culture of celebrities in Instagram as a social network. The research method is a qualitative method and the grounded theory approach has been used as the operational method of the research. The participants of the present study include 21 fans or followers of celebrities (with more followers) on the Instagram who have been selected by a purposive sampling method. In-depth semi-structured interviews were used to collect the data. The data were analyzed in three phases (open, axial and selective phases) using a continuous comparison method and in accordance with the systematic procedures of Strauss and Carbin. The validity, reliability and portability of the data have also been confirmed. The research findings indicate that the most important reasons of the followers for supporting the celebrities are: digitalization of youth life, consumption society, dominance of society by the celebrities, the role of first age media, and the erosion of institutional trust in society. Also, changes in leisure style, the transformation of fame, inequality in society, and the prevalence of modernization are indicated as underlying or facilitating factors in supporting the celebrities.

Health communication is an interdisciplinary area which connects two different areas of media and healthcare. The relationship between these two areas are mutual and today the media cover the healthcare more than before. Television, as a widespread mass media, has an important role in promoting public health, because researchers believe that television is one of the most reliable resources of health information. it is documented that watching television is related with health promotion. Therefore, this research tries to analyze the relationship between television and healthcare. So that, meta-analysis is applied as methodology and the foreign and Iranian researches in health communication are systematically reviewed. these researches are extracted from iranian and foreign data base through searching key words.The findings suggest that Television addds a new dimension to health education and is a reliable resource for obtaining health and disease information, but there are some shortages in considering these topics that should be resolved.