akbari mr

Quantitative and qualitative evaluation of facial asymmetry in patients with unilateral exotropia Duane retraction syndrome (DRS) with head turn in comparison with normal subjects.

The present cross-sectional study was performed on 22 samples, including 11 patients with unilateral exotropia DRS with a head turn and 11 normal subjects without torticollis as a control group. To evaluate the appearance of the face, from a distance of 40 cm, four photos of each sample were captured and analyzed, using Corel Draw X7 software. The presence of qualitative facial asymmetry parameters, including one-side compression of the nostrils, cheek and face, and columella deviation were recorded. Quantitative facial asymmetry parameters, including "relative face size" and "facial angle" were also measured.

The mean age of patients and normal subjects was 17±10 and 18±10, respectively. Two groups were matched by gender and age (P=0.885, P>0.99, respectively). All 11 (100%) exotropia DRS patients had facial asymmetry, but in the control group, facial asymmetry was observed in 6 (54.5%) subjects, and 5 (45.5%) subjects had perfectly symmetrical faces (P = 0.736). The mean facial angle in the patient group (1.7°±0.016°) was significantly higher than the control group (0.8°± 0.8°) (P= 0.012). Also, the mean relative face size in the patient group (1.022±0.016) was significantly higher than the control group (1.008±1.006) (P = 0.019). The frequency of all qualitative facial asymmetry parameters (one-side compression of the nostrils, cheek and face, and columella deviation) in the patient group was significantly higher than the normal control group (all, P <0.001).

All facial asymmetry parameters in exotropia DRS patients with head turns were significantly higher than the normal control group.

To evaluate the facial characteristics in patients with unilateral esotropic Duane retraction syndrome (DRS) with head turn and compare with orthotropic participants.

This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was performed on 42 esotropic DRS patients with head turn and 42 orthotropic participants. Four photos of each patient were taken from 40 cm and the pictures were analyzed with Corel Draw X7 software. "Facial angle" (the angle between the line connecting the two outer canthi with the line connecting the corners of lips) and "relative face size" (the ratio of the distance between the outer canthus and lip corner of both face sides) were measured. Qualitative variables of facial asymmetry (columella deviation, one-side compression of the face, nostrils, and cheek) were also recorded.

The mean age of patients and controls was 15 ± 9 and 17 ± 10 years, respectively (P = 0.268). In the DRS group, 35 patients (83.3%) had facial asymmetry, and only 7 patients (16.7%) had symmetrical faces (P <0.001), while in the control group, facial asymmetry was found in 21 participants (50%). The mean relative face size in the DRS group (1.018 ± 0.013) was significantly higher than orthotropic participants (1.010 ± 0.008) (P= .0030). Although the mean facial angle in the DRS group (1.06 ° ± 0.96 °) was higher than orthotropic participants (0.80 ° ± 0.64 °), no significant relationship was observed between them (P = 0.119). The frequency of presence of facial asymmetry, columella deviation, one-side compression of the face, nostrils, and cheek in DRS patients was significantly higher than orthotropic participants (all, P<0.001).

Facial asymmetry in esotropic DRS patients with head turn is significantly higher than in orthotropic participants.

To report a case of Joubert’s syndrome with alternating skew deviation and lateral skew deviation.

A 18-year-old girl was referred with the chief complaint of abnormal eye movements since infancy. Some degree of oculomotor apraxia was revealed as the girl had difficulties in initiating horizontal saccades and subsequent head thrust. Periodic alternating vertical misalignment of eyes was also evident, known as alternating skew deviation. After 3 to 5 seconds, the vertical divergence of the eyes reversed direction. Gaze to either side also resulted in hypertropia of abducting eye, known as lateral skew deviation. MRI demonstrated hypoplasia of superior cerebellar vermis along molar tooth signs associated with Joubert syndrome.

This report shows that alternating skew deviation and lateral skew deviation can be manifestations of Joubert’s syndrome.

We investigated the effects of a wheat-based diet (WBD) supplemented with different levels of zinc on the performance, intestinal viscosity, immune system and lipid peroxidation of broiler chickens. A total of 240 Ross 308 day-old male broiler chicks were weighed and assigned to six dietary treatments with four replicates (floor pens) of ten birds per pen. Dietary treatments consisted of a WBD without Zn supplement in mineral premix (control), or with 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 mg/kg of Zn in the diet. Feed intake, body weight gain, and feed conversion ratio were recorded after 21 days. On day 21, blood serum malondialdehyde concentration, intestinal digesta viscosity, and some internal organs were measured. Antibody titer against Sheep red blood cells (SRBC) were measured on days 7 and 14 after injection. For evaluation of cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity (CBH) response, on d 20, phytohemagglutinin was injected subcutaneously into toe web and 12 and 24 hrs after injection, the thickness of the web was measured. Supplementation of the WBD with 20, 40, 60, and 80 mg Zn/kg significantly improved feed conversion ratio (P

A total of 240 Ross 308 day-old male broiler chicks within a completely randomized design were used in this experiment to evaluate the effects of dietary inclusion of turmeric powder and cinnamon powder on performance and some immune responses of broiler chickens. Dietary treatments were as follow: a corn-soybean meal basal diet (control); basal diet + 10 ppm avilamycin; basal diet + 2.5 g/Kg turmeric powder; basal diet + 7.5 g/Kg turmeric powder; basal diet + 2.5 g/Kg cinnamon powder; and basal diet + 7.5 g/Kg cinnamon powder. During the experiment, feed intake, body weight gain, and feed conversion ratio were measured in the beginning and the end of starter (0-21 d.) and grower (22-42 d.) periods. On 21 d. of age, two chicks from each replicate were randomly selected and blood samples were taken. Differential enumeration of heterophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes were done. Also, antibody titers against IBV, IBD, and NDV vaccines were measured. Addition of 2.5 g/Kg turmeric powder increased body weight gain in the starter period and improved feed conversion ratio in the starter and entire periods of the experiment, when compared to the control (P<0.05). Also, inclusion of 10 ppm avilamycin into diet improved feed conversion ratio in the grower and entire periods of the experiment, comparing to the control (P<0.05). Inclusion of turmeric powder at 2.5 g/Kg or 7.5 g/Kg and cinnamon powder at 7.5 g/Kg declined the heterophil to lymphocyte ratio (P<0.05). The results of this study showed that turmeric powder at the level of 2.5 g/Kg would be a potential alternative for antibiotic growth promoters. Also, reducing heterophil to lymphocyte ratio by turmeric and cinnamon powders, introduce them as potential stress alleviators in broiler chickens.

Isotretinoin (ISO) revolutionized the treatment of acne since 1980s and therafter, sever forms of acne have been treated more effectively, with less residual cosmetic or psychological damage. The use of Isotretinoin is associated with significant side-effects such as mucocutaneous involvement, dyslipidemia and increased liver enzymes. The aim of study was the evaluation of homocysteine (Hcy) levels and the responsible vitamins for its metabolism in patients with moderate to sever acne vulgaris undergone ISO treatment. Forty-seven (n=47) patients with acne, prepared with liver function tests, folate, vitamin B12, homocysteine and serum lipids evaluations. Hcy was evaluated before (Value 1) and on the 2nd month (value 2) of treatment with Isotretinoin (0.5 mg/kg/day), by HPLC methods. Hcy levels (value 1: 11.8 ±5.3 µmol/L vs. value 2: 13.6±7.4 µmol/L; P<0.001) were statically significantly increased in patients treated with ISO. In addition, lipids and liver enzymes increased in mentioned group. However, there was no significant correlation between Hcy levels, vitamins and liver enzymes. Elevated Hcy levels in patients after 2 months on ISO treatment might be resulted from liver function disturbances. Folate supplementation along with frequent evaluations of Hcy serum levels are strongly reconnnened for the prevention of a premature occlusive disease.