ali aghajani

The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of CEO's financial expertise on financial performance and investment efficiency of companies. By increasing the CEO's financial expertise, it is expected that the CEO's ability to analyze and make financial decisions will improve, which can lead to increased financial performance and improved investment efficiency. The nature of the current research is quantitative and in the group of positivist researches; Because the investigated concepts exist objectively in the external world, and the researcher and the reality of the subject are completely independent from each other. Since the method of this research is based on describing the real connections between the available data (description of what is) which is presented in the form of a model, the research is considered in the field of descriptive research. In this research, in order to investigate and analyze the hypotheses, the data related to 181 companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange for the period of 2016 to 2016 were extracted and combined data regression models with the generalized moments approach (GMM) and Stata version 17 software to test the hypotheses. And Bidel's (2009) model has been used to measure investment efficiency. Also, financial performance is measured through return on assets. The CEO's financial expertise significantly leads to increased asset returns and improved investment efficiency in companies. These results are consistent with the existing theoretical foundations in the financial field, which emphasizes the importance of managers' financial knowledge and expertise in improving financial performance and investment productivity. In general, it can be concluded that the CEO's financial expertise not only leads to more effective financial decisions, but can lead to overall improvement in financial performance and optimal use of capital resources.

The concept of allegiance is one of the most important Quranic words that has a close relationship with political participation, although it is obvious that political participation cannot be known or reduced to its equivalent concepts, capacity can be measured based on the Quranic attitude. Based on this, the main research question is what is the nature of allegiance in the Qur'an and what approach to it is the desired approach of the Qur'an? The research is based on the topic interpretation method and it is based on the fact that allegiance is one of the concepts from which political participation can be extracted and deduced and has the ability to measure capacity in the Qur'an, based on this capacity measurement it can be said that from the perspective of the Qur'an, allegiance is a semi-signature concept. It is an establishment, and it has the condition of the legitimacy of the religious state and the maximization and originality of active political participation. Based on this, in the era of the absence of text and the legitimacy of the leadership of the jurist, it is possible that it requires allegiance (acceptance and consent) to be actualized, which today can be interpreted as elections, considering the constructive and effective legitimacy of allegiance in addition to the text; the departure of the narrative-Qur'anic texts from the category of Scott Khasf and avoiding the argumentativeness of the narrations of allegiance, and the extensive analysis of the concept of allegiance are among the findings of the research.

Privacy is one of the most important topics in jurisprudence and national and international laws. It is highly significant in the context of family to protect the information of family members and preserve their rights and personal privacy. Considering social changes, technological advancements and their impact on laws and procedures, as well as contradictions in some jurisprudential orders, challenges in family privacy can be identified. Jurisprudence needs to adapt to these changes and alter its decision-making accordingly. Therefore, this research aims to examine and identify the most important challenges in family privacy from a jurisprudential perspective.

This research is conducted using a descriptive-analytical method.

Based on library studies and jurisprudential discussions, six main challenges have been identified, including male dominance in the family, paternal authority over children, housing and residency rights, procreation and male dominance over it, divorce rights and remarriage of the husband, and child custody and remarriage of the wife.

Developing a comprehensive and accurate understanding of these challenges will provide necessary guidance for criticism and decision-making in the field of family privacy within jurisprudential laws. Therefore, considering the importance of this issue, it is recommended that experts, jurists, and researchers interested in the field of jurisprudence and family privacy refer to this study to become familiar with the relevant issues and make efforts to improve legislation in this area.

The purpose of the present study is to delve deep into the issue of caliphate in the Qur’an, especially in the 30th verse of Surah al-Baqarah and its relation with fundamental concepts in the political speech such as legitimacy. The research method is thematic Ijtihādi exegesis and content analysis, and it relies on the hypothesis that the concept of caliphate in the 30th verse of Surah al-Baqarah denotes succession of humankind from God and not only the saints or ancestors, as it is conveyed by many commentary books. Typical succession can also be equivocal and spectral as it is held by Tafsir-e Tasnim. Among contemporary exegeses, there are two general approaches called succession from ancestors and succession from God. In the latter, there are three approaches including succession of perfect humans, succession of a typical human, and succession of aequivocal type. According to the research results, the first approach along with the first perspective of the second approach, absolute divine legitimacy, a type of caliphate based on public and divine legitimacy, and the equivocal type of human caliphate from God that is Āyatollāh Javādi Āmoli’s view in Tafsir-e Tasnim, can contribute to strengthening the theory of divine-public legitimacy and active political participation in the realm of Islamic governance. Since the verse “I am going to place a successive authority on earth” is noun not verb phrase and the term Jā’il is a constant attribute, it conveys the consistency of Caliph of Allah. Accordingly, the state of caliph of Allah for humans is not merely related to creation, but it also implies a permission for them to get involved in social and governmental issues as well.

Privacy, as the need of people in the current era, is closely related to a set of beliefs, values, and norms in the form of culture. This issue becomes more important and sensitive in the context of marital relationships due to various commonalities. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the role of culture in couples' privacy.

The research was conducted using a qualitative thematic analysis method. The sample consisted of 15 men and women between the ages of 25 and 40 in Isfahan city, who were selected in a purposive method by determining the input and output criteria. Data collection continued through semi-structured interviews until data saturation. Then, they were analyzed using Braun and Clarke's method in six steps with the help of qualitative data software.

Based on the data, two main themes about the role of culture in couples' privacy were identified, including challenges in two categories of awareness and dynamics and strategies in two categories of receiving legal and psychological counseling services.

According to the findings, culture plays an important role in determining the privacy of couples. In this context, legal and psychological experts can consider this issue in pre-marriage counseling and even formulate interventions to inform spouses.

Economically, sustainable income is a key issue for governments. They try to compensate the expenses by tax revenues. This is regarded as an index of social sustainability and political secutity. One of the government goals is tax collection coinciding with giving services. Companies have different symmetry of time for receiving services and paying taxes at different stages of their life. Therefore, the purpose of this study is evaluating effect of mismatching expenses with earning on tax coincidance over the life cycle of firms. Data from 88 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the period between 2011-2017 were used to test the hypotheses.The results show that there is a significant relationship between mismatching expenses with earning in the growth and decline phase and the Tax coincidence during the life cycle and in the growth and maturity phase of companies. Other results indicated that the correlation of Tax coincidance of growth companies with a low degree of non-compliance in expenses is greater than the high degree of non-compliance in expenses, and between the taxable income of companies at maturity with a low degree of non-compliance in expenses there was a significant negative relationship with tax coincidance

To report a rare case of Woakes’ syndrome presented with bilateral vision loss.

A 28‑year‑old male with a 1‑year history of vision loss in the left eye was referred to the neuro‑ophthalmology clinic after sudden vision loss in his right eye. A detailed review of clinical findings and the presumed pathophysiological basis of vision loss was performed.

Neuroimaging revealed bilateral massive nasal polyps, sphenoid sinus mucocele formation, and optic nerve dehiscence inside the sphenoid sinus. The vision in the right eye was restored after pulse corticosteroid therapy; however, the left eye remained severely visually compromised even after nasal polypectomy and mucocele drainage.

Sinonasal disorders should be sought for patients with unexplained vision loss, as prompt intervention could be vision‑saving in these patients.

Economically, sustainable income is a key issue for governments. They try to compensate the expenses by tax revenues. This is regarded as an index of social sustainability and political security.One of the government goals is tax collection coinciding with giving services. Companies have different symmetry of time for receiving services and paying taxes at different stages of their life,Therefore, the purpose of this study is the evaluating of tax coinciding and expense matching through the life cycle of firms. Data from 88 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 2011-2017 were used to test the hypotheses.The results show that firstly,there is a meaningful relationship between matching of incomes and costs in the growth and maturity stage but it isnot found in the declining one. secondly, tax coincidance at the growth and maturity stage of the firms life cycle is significantly different, but in the decline stage, no significant difference was found.Thirdly,tax coincidance of firms with high matching degree in costs is more than that of the low matching degree costs .finally,tax coincidance of the firms in declining stage with high matching in costs is less than that of low matching degree.

To report a rare case of primary pneumosinus dilatans (PSD) and to specify the cardinal imaging findings associated with this condition.

A 20-year-old patient presented with bilateral profound visual loss as a result of primary PSD. A detailed review of clinical findings and presumed pathophysiological basis of vision loss was performed.

Other than undiagnosed primary hypothyroidism, no other abnormalities were found. With the diagnosis of PSD, the patient underwent optic nerve decompression through transnasal sphenoidotomy. However, after nine months of follow-up, no improvement in the patient’s vision was attained.

Unlike previous reports of favorable visual results after sphenoidotomy and bilateral decompression of the optic nerves, vision recovery was not achieved in this case.

Conjunctivitis is a very common ocular disease, which can be caused by a wide variety of microorganisms. This study was aimed to assess the bacterial etiology and antibiotic susceptibility of conjunctivitis patients' isolates from Central Iran.

This study was performed in 180 patients referred to the Department of Ophthalmology in Kashan University with symptoms of conjunctivitis from July 2017 to December 2017. To detect of different bacteria, Gram staining, morphological characterization, pigment production, biochemical characteristics, coagulase test, optochin and PYR tests, oxidase test, and culture on specific media were used. Antibiotic susceptibility of the bacteria isolated was done using the Kirby–Bauer method. Methicillin resistance in staphylococci isolated from the patients was identified using polymerase chain reaction technique.

Of the 195 bacteria isolated, about 81.5% were Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus and the remaining 19.5% included other species. In the present study, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was most resistant to ampicillin. In the case of S. epidermidis and S. aureus, the highest resistance was observed against erythromycin and the least resistance was against rifampicin and linezolid.

In this study, S. aureus and S. epidermidis are the most common causes of conjunctivitis in all age groups, however, this condition decreases with age and is also influenced by other factors such as season and weather conditions. The results of this study can be helpful in planning more prudent treatment strategies for patients with conjunctivitis in Kashan.

Crown root fractures are usually caused by severe horizontal trauma,involving enamel,dentine,and cementum,and continue down to the gingival margin. One of the most common areasaffected by trauma in the mouth is maxillary central incisors.

A10-year-old boy fractured his maxillary central incisors. The fracture line involvedthe pulp,extended subgingivally on the palatal aspect invading the biologic width. The procedureused to manage this case included endodontic treatment of residual teeth,surgical extrusion tomove the fracture line above the alveolar bone. Finally,the teeth were restored with composite buildup.

During 24-month follow-up period,the teeth did not show any signs of root resorption.Therefore,surgical extrusion is recommended as a treatment option for crown,root fractures.

General anesthesia is an important approach to control low-aged children with specific problems who need wide teeth restoration operations. The aim of this study is to evaluate the success rate of dental treatments under general anesthesia in children referred to Hamadan School of Dentistry from 2015 to 2017.

This is a descriptive-cross-sectional study in which 60 patients referred to the pediatric department of Hamadan School of dentistry received dental treatment services under general anesthesia from 2015 to 2017. Then, they were examined after 6 months of their treatment. The cases were checked-up on the dental engine using a Dental Mirror and Explorer and success or failure data were recorded in a special form designed for each case. Data were analyzed using SPSS 14, and a statistical model of logistic regression and the Chi-square test was used to compare the success ratio of dental treatments.

The success rate of pulp treatments i.e. pulpotomy and pulpectomy are high (98%). Regarding the treatment of posterior teeth, stainless steel cover is the most successful treatment with a failure rate of 1.5%. The failure rate of SSC is significantly lower than amalgam filling (8.06%) (p=0.004). Regarding anterior teeth, one-surface composite filling with a failure rate of 5.5% and anterior build-up with a failure rate of 10.7% have the lowest and the highest failure rates, respectively.

Among the restoration operations, SSC under general anesthesia is considered as the selective technique due to its high success rate.

Among facial bones in children, mandible bone has the highest fracture rate, 8.4% of which is related to Symphysis fractures.

A 3.5-year-old girl with complaints about the mobility of the mandibular left primary central incisor without a history of recent dental trauma and caries referred to the Department of Pediatric Dentistry of Hamadan University. After radiographic evaluation, occlusal displacement of lower left permanent central incisor tooth germ and root resorption of lower left primary central incisor were seen.

This case report implies that because of the close proximity of the root of the primary tooth to its developing permanent successor, jaw fracture and especially mandibular fracture combined with dental injuries (e.g., intrusion, avulsion, and extrusive luxation) can cause damages and significant displacement in permanent successor tooth germs.

The systematic nature of political competitions is regarded as one of the challenges of political systems, especially the religion-based political system. This paper aims at presenting theological approaches founded on theological jurisprudence and the theoretical framework of competition within the regime. To achieve this, the article suggests strategic focus on the vertices of theological geometry and proposes solutions such as the moderate and diverse political theology, the maximum political participation based on the divine-communal legitimacy, and the development of plurality and political freedom, Islamic broadmindedness, and religious political education, each of which can cover some aspects of such systems. The focus of article on the moderate and diverse political theology which includes an extreme end of absolute nature and on the other end a secularist minimum explains the separation of religion in various biological fields and areas of management based on the textual and metaphysical facts of Islam; in this respect, apart from the obligatory rulings, in Islamic view, a significant part of human life is separate from religious obligations and is distinguishable; there are generalities in all fields; in some areas generalities exist with some details. In the divine and public legitimacy the acceptance and satisfaction of the majority of the people is regarded as the judicial principle of “part of cause “for the legitimacy of judicial authority and government without which such authority cannot be considered legitimate and cannot be exercised. On the other hand, in Islam, political plurality is accepted in accordance with the laws of the religious community. And the verses 13 of Hijab Sura, 48 of Ma›edeh Surah, and 251 of Baqarah imply pluralism. Religious and political tolerance also contributes to systematizing the environment and political behavior of the religious community.

In recent decades, various efforts have been made to replace synthetic materials with natural disinfectants that have less disadvantages and lead to similar or even better results. The present study was conducted to compare the effect of Artemisia aucheri and Zataria multiflora as natural disinfectants with those of Deconex and sodium hypochlorite as two industrial disinfectants on Candida albicans. This experimental study was conducted in 128 resin acrylic dentures. After the inoculation of C. albicans on each denture, they were divided into four groups, each containing 32 dentures. Deconex, Sodium hypochlorite, Artemisia aucheri, and Zataria multiflora were administered in each group in four densities (0.1, 0.01, 0.001, and 0.0001). The data were analyzed in SPSS V19 applying t-test.  The four disinfectants were applied for 10 and 60 min. Deconex showed the highest disinfection effect on samples (P<0.05). There were no significant differences between the effect of Artemisia aucheri and Zataria multiflora after 60 min and 10 min. However, it was found that the potency of Artemisia aucheri and Zataria multiflora increased after 60 min. Current findings showed chemical disinfectants with higher potency in short-time intervals, compared to the natural ones. But, after a longer period of time, Artemisia aucheri and Zataria multiflora exerted similar effects as those of the synthetic disinfectants.

The main purpose of this work is to study the physical, mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy based resin modified with acrylonitrile-butadiene-rubber (NBR) nanoparticles. At first, elastomer nanoparticle (ENP) at different content was added to epoxy resin. Then, the morphology of nanocomposite and dispersion condition of elastomer nanoparticles was studied using microscopy techniques including SEM, TEM and AFM.The results showed an acceptable dispersion condition for ENPs in epoxy resin. The tensile and impact strength of nanocomposites as two key parameters were thoroughly investigated. The results depicted two times increase in the amount of toughness besides three times increase in the amount of elongation at break in nanocomposite containing 1.5wt% of ENP. Thereafter, the specific coating experimnets including adhesion, hardness, impact, bending and water absorption were performed. The adhesion increased and water uptake was reduced while the toughness was enhanced. The best results were obtained in samples containing 1 wt% elastomeric nanoparticles.

Teeth bruxism and clenching are important parafunctional habits that have a high prevalence and can cause serious physical and mental complications. Its etiology, however, remains a challenging issue. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between occlusal parameters and bruxism in 3- to 6-year-old children. This study was conducted in a 3- to 6-year-old preschool children in Hamadan selected by random sampling. To do this, a questionnaire containing 6 standard and comprehensive questions was completed by parents. According to the data from the questionnaires, the children were divided into bruxers and nonbruxers (control). In the intra-oral clinical examination, the presence of facet, cross bite in the anterior or posterior, excessive overjet, open bite, deep bite and the type of dental occlusion on both sides were recorded. The statistical tests used were Spearman correlation coefficient and chisquared test in SPSS 23. The findings showed that the prevalence of bruxism was 72% in the studied population. The most observable occlusions were flash terminal and mesial step on both sides. There was no significant relationship between bruxism and dental facet and the correlation of age and sex with bruxism was weak. There was no statistically significant relationship between the occlusal parameters, except for overbite, and bruxism. The results showed that among occlusal factors, only normal overbite and openbite were significantly associated with bruxism.

Acanthamoeba is one of the most common opportunistic free-living amoebae, with ubiquitous presence in various environmental sources. Pathogenic strains of Acanthamoeba are the causative agents of amoebic keratitis and granulomatous amoebic encephalitis.
The aim of the present study was to identify Acanthamoeba genotypes in soil, hospital dust, and stagnant water samples from Kashan, Central Iran.
In this cross sectional study, a total of 122 samples from soil (n, 32), hospital dust (n, 40), and stagnant water (n, 50) were collected and examined for the presence of free-living amoebae and Acanthamoeba species. All the samples were cultured onto non-nutrient agar plates for detection of free-living amoebae. Acanthamoeba species was identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, using specific primers. A total of 29 Acanthamoeba isolates were sequenced, and different genotypes were detected via sequence analysis.
The results showed that 82.8% (101/122) of samples were positive for free-living amoebae. The PCR assay revealed that 62.5%, 52.5%, and 50% of soil, hospital dust, and stagnant water samples were positive for Acanthamoeba species, respectively. Moreover, T4, T5, T2, T7, and T11 genotypes were identified. The most common genotype was T4 (76%), isolated from stagnant water.
Acanthamoeba is a prevalent species in the soil, hospital dust, and stagnant water of Kashan. As this protozoon can cause severe infections, health education and improvement of sanitation services are recommended for prevention of infection.

To compare the accuracy of four different intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation formulas for eyes with mean keratometry values greater than 46 diopters (D).
Forty five eyes from 45 patients who were candidates for senile cataract surgery with mean keratometry values greater than 46 D were included. Calculation of the IOL power was performed by the Lenstar. The implanted IOL in all cases was Acrysof SA60AT. The average absolute value of the differences between the actual and predicted spherical equivalent (SE) of the postoperative refractive error (mean absolute error: MAE) was calculated using 4 formulas (Haigis, Holladay 1, Hoffer Q, and SRK/T) with optical IOL constants from the User Group for Laser Interference Biometry constants.
The MAE was smallest in the SRK/T formula (0.39 D ± 0.35) followed by those of the Holladay 1 (0.44 D ± 0.32), Haigis (0.45 D ± 0.35) and Hoffer Q (0.5 D ± 0.38) formulas. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the MAE among different formulas. The SRK/T formula predicted more eyes within ± 0.5 D of the SE (77.8%) compared to other formulas.
In eyes with steep corneas, there were no statistically significant differences among the accuracies of the four common IOL power calculation formulas.

Background and Many people with oral and dental diseases will see their physicians first, therefore, doctors must have enough knowledge about primary medical treatments. This research was conducted to study the knowledge of medical interns in Sari, Babol, and Mashhad medical schools about oral and dental diseases and also dental emergencies in 2013-2014.
An analytical cross-sectional study was performed in 98 medical interns. A questionnaire was designed based on the books, scientific sources and available articles in this field. Content validity of the questionnaire was determined by four specialists. In order to evaluate the reliability of the questionnaire, the Test-retest method was used and the spearman correlation coefficient was 0.8. Data analysis was done in SPSS V.20 applying, ANOVA and Tukey test. P The mean score for student's knowledge was 8.3. The mean knowledge scores of medical interns about oral and dental diseases were significantly different between the universities (P Low level of knowledge in oral and dental diseases among medical interns calls for further studies that could identify the factors causing this problem. Also, more training courses for interns and retraining of physicians are required.

Acanthamoeba is one of the most common amoeba protozoa in environment that causes human chronic diseases including amoebic keratitis and rare، deadly disease granulomatus amoebic encephalitis (GAE). The aim of this study is identification of acanthamoeba in pools water and ponds of squares in Sistan by PCR In this descriptive study 93 samples of pools water and ponds of squares in Sistan area (Zabul، Zahak، Hirmand، Hamoon and Nimrouz) were collected in the first half of 2014. Samples were filtered through 0. 45μ paper filters of nitrocellulose and they were cultured in non-nutrient agar medium%1. 5 enriched with heat killed cultured bacteria Escherichia coli. Positive cultures of free living amoebas were evaluated by PCR method. Out of 93% of collected water in Sistan cities، 82 samples (88. 17%) in medium were affected by free living amoebas that 39 samples of acanthamoeba genotype identified by using specialized primers. Also frequency of acanthamoeba in all of samples determined about 47. 56%. The results showed that high acanthamoeba epidemic in pools water and ponds of squares is Sistan area can be risk factor for people، particularly children with inefficient immune system. Therefore، more attention of doctors to determine infection types and public authorities to train and prevent infection of water resources is recommended.

Globalization is one of the aspects of the increasing culturalization of social life. Thus, cultural plurality is the final fate of globalization and implies both diversity and unity at the same time. Despite its fundamental differences with secular foundations of globalization in its Western conception, the Islamic approach somehow recognizes cultural diversity in line with unitary trends. This will not lead to the uprooting of other discourses at time when the hidden Imam appears and the Islamic discourse dominates over the others. Thus approach can be reinforced through strong Quranic, traditional, rational, and historical reasons.