فهرست مطالب ali arianezhad

Osteoporosis and osteopenia considered as severe problems in Beta thalassemia major (BTM) that can lead to bone fractures. We aimed to investigate bone mineral density status and the laboratory parameters related to bone metabolism in BTM patients and compare the statically differences between the mentioned parameters in the patients with or without bone fractures.

The results of laboratory parameters including; Hemoglobin (Hb), Calcium (Ca), Vitamin D (Vit D), Phosphorus (P), Magnesium (Mg), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Ferritin (FER), Serum Iron (SFe), Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), T3, T4 and Parathyroid Hormone (PTH), and BMD (by using Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) method) were investigated in 143 BTM patients from thalassemia center of Dezful University of Medical Sciences in 2023.

Seventy-two women and 71 men with confirmed BTM diagnosis with age range (32.4 ± 9.7) were entered in the study. Laboratory parameters including TSH, T3, T4, ALP, FER 247) and SFe showed a significant difference between fracture and non-fracture groups respectively (P≤0.05). In this study, Z-Score between -1.1 and -2.4 was considered osteopenia, and below -2.5 was osteoporosis. Among the studied patients 36.6%, 39.1% and 24.2% had normal bone density, osteopenia and had osteoporosis respectively.

Osteopenia and osteoporosis had a high frequency among the studied patients that can prone them to bone fractures. Continuous examinations of laboratory tests, especially T3, T4, TSH, FER, SFE, can be helpful for faster diagnosis and therapeutic interventions to prevent the occurrence of osteopenia and pathological fractures.

Context: 

In 2019, a novel Coronavirus officially named byWHOas coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia quickly spread worldwide and became a pandemic. At first, it was considered that the complications just included older populations, but its association with Kawasaki vasculitis disease further complicated the issues.

Evidence Acquisition: 

A literature search was conducted using various scientific databases of Springer, Scopus, Wiley, Science Direct, PubMed, ProQuest, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Clinical Key. Keywords COVID-19, Kawasaki vasculitis, Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome, pediatric, RNA viruses, cytokine storm, 2019 nCoV Diseases, SARS CoV 2 Infection, and SARS CoV 2 were used to filter the search results. After assessing each retrieved article against inclusion-exclusion criteria, 63 papers were deemed eligible for inclusion in this review.

Our study linked Kawasaki disease with COVID-19 pneumonia in three pathways: (1) interference of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the pathogenesis of SARS CoV 2 and Kawasaki vasculitis diseases, (2) the similarity of clinical manifestation and immune system response in SARS CoV 2 and Kawasaki vasculitis diseases, (3) the role of COVID-19 as a risk factor next to other risk factors.

Kawasaki vasculitis disease could be indicated along with infection with Coronaviridae viruses in pediatrics. Recognition of Kawasaki vasculitis disease with focusing on COVID-19 pathogenesis, aside from restriction of risk factors and detection of best treatment.

The emerging disease of COVID-19 was announced as a pandemic in 2020, with wide prevalence worldwide. After the duration of the pandemic of the disease, reports based on the invasion of Aspergillus into patients' lungs with COVID-19 and their hospitalization in ICU were published by the researchers, which attracted the attention of other researchers to perform such studies. In this review, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Springer, Wiley, ProQuest, Sid, Cochrane, and the search engine Google Scholar were searched for publications by the keywords include COVID-19, Aspergillus, SARS-CoV-2, Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, fungal and viral co-infection or a combination of them. The data were extracted and descriptively discussed. Not many studies have been performed on the association between aspergillosis and COVID-19. However, although the results of the studies suggest some possible causes of these concomitant infections like underlying diseases and prolonged mechanical ventilation, they also recommend further studies. Since the diagnosis of common fungal and viral infections is difficult, the concurrent incidence of these two infections in patients becomes a therapeutic challenge. Accordingly, this issue increased the mortality rate in this group of patients, especially in those hospitalized in ICU. According to the recently performed studies, various problems, including underlying diseases and difficult diagnostic methods of some dangerous diseases like invasive aspergillosis, are discussed in patients with COVID-19.