فهرست مطالب ali esmaeeli

The Holy Qur'an has introduced "iqshi`rar" or "tremble of the body" of the believers when facing the verses of the Qur'an as one of the characteristics of the Qur'an and a sign of divine guidance. Faith is a spiritual state, and body tremble and related phenomena are all material. For this reason, the research on this phenomenon opens a way to discover openings of a deep connection between matter and meaning. Despite the direct reference of the Holy Quran to this experimental state, not much attention has been paid to its characteristics, causes and processes. At this time, in the science of music aesthetics, trembles caused by some deep and enjoyable passages of music have been mentioned, and detailed experimental research has been done in connection with the identification of the characteristics, causes, and how this tremor occurs. The present study compares the interpretative discussions about "iqshi`rar" with a selection of the results of experimental research on the phenomenon of musical trembling. As a result, while identifying the similarities and differences of these two phenomena and using the characteristics of each in the more accurate identification of similar phenomena, it has been understood that although these two phenomena are not exactly the same, but the commonality is such that the one and only truth of both states is in the characteristics, causes and The formation processes are obvious and their differentiation in strength and weakness, depth and level can be explained.

The present study proposes a novel indium gallium phosphide/aluminum gallium indium phosphide (InGaP/InAlGaP) double junction solar cell without an anti-reflection coating that includes an upper InGaP cell, a lower InAlGaP cell, and a gallium arsenide (GaAs) tunnel junction. To increase the efficiency of the cell, a new window layer was used at the upper junction. To achieve higher efficiency, the researchers also optimized the back surface field layer of the lower cell. The results were analyzed via numerical modeling with Silvaco/Atlas software under the AM1.5 radiation spectrum. Findings suggested that using the sun=1 parameter, the obtained maximum values of short-circuit current, open-circuit voltage, fill factor, and efficiency parameters for the proposed solar cell structure were Jsc = 24.078 mA/cm2, Voc = 3.41886, FF = 91.1836, and Eff = 71.721%, respectively.

One of the best interventions in the field of reducing injury and improving performance is running shoes. Despite this, the research results show that achieving the desired result due to using shoes depends on paying attention to other influencing factors such as foot structure. Therefore, the present study was carried out with the aim of investigating the mutual effect of navicular drop and foot cover on the contact forces of lower limb joints during running.

The present study is semi-experimental and applied. 47 male subjects (12 people with high navicular drop, age: 23.08±3.34, 18 people with low navicular drop, age: 22.88±1.96 and 17 people with normal navicular drop, age: 4.5±1.5 21). The participants ran at a speed of three meters per second with three types of barefoot (BF), minimal shoes (MF) and common shoes (CF) and their kinetic and kinematic data were collected. Compressive and shear forces were calculated respectively through the result of perpendicular and parallel forces acting on the surface of the joint. In order to make a statistical comparison, analysis of variance with two-way repeated measurement (foot cover and navicular drop) and Bonferroni's post hoc test were used in SPSS software with a significance level of 0.05.

The results of the present study showed that the amount of navicular drop and foot cover have a mutual effect on the compressive force of the knee (p=0.049). So that the normal drop group had 11.07% (p=0.029) and 15.63% (p=0.002) lower compressive force than MF in BF and CF conditions, respectively. The group with low drop showed 16.28% and 12.27% less compressive force in BF mode than MF (p=0.002) and CF (p=0.009), respectively. Knee compression force in MF was 11.65% higher than BF (p<0.001) and 18.8% higher than CF (p<0.001). Ankle compressive force in CF running was 22.49% more than BF and 15.99% more than MF. Ankle shear force in BF running was 42.86% (p<0.001) and in MF conditions was 38.98% (p<0.001) than CF.

Navi drop in interaction with the foot cover can affect the compressive force of the knee. But alone, it had no effect on ankle and knee contact forces. On the other hand, foot covering is an influencing factor on the forces on the lower limb and probably plays an important role in lower limb injuries.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of the patients’ setup errors on dosimetric and radiobiologic parameters for left-sided Whole-Breast Irradiation (WBI) in three different radiotherapy techniques, including Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT), Field-In-Field (FIF), and Conventional Wedge (CW).

Computed Tomography (CT) images of 10 female patients with early-stage left-sided breast cancer were used to simulate different radiotherapy techniques (IMRT, FIF, and CW). The dosimetric parameters; Conformity Index (CI), Homogeneity Index (HI), the dose received by at least 95% (D95%) of Planning Tumor Volume (PTV), the volume of lung and heart that respectively received at least 20% (V20%) and 40% (V40%) of the prescribed dose, as well as, the radiobiologic parameters, including Tumor Control Probability (TCP) and Normal Tissue Complication Probability (NTCP) were assessed for setup errors in patients. The setup errors were assessed by shifting the isocenters and gantry angles of the treatment plans.

The D95% of the PTV for an isocenter misplacement plan in the posterior direction decreased by 66.99 (IMRT), 71.86 (CW), and 68.25% (FIF). The TCP of the PTV was reduced by 26.66, 39.16, and 36.97% for IMRT, CW, and FIF techniques, respectively. Increasing gantry angle by a ±10 degree caused a 43%, 41%, and 41% decrease in the D95% of IMRT, FIF, and CW techniques, respectively. The TCP values decreased about 18% in all three techniques with a ±10 degree gantry angle shift; however, the NTCP values of the heart and lungs increased for all three methods. The CI and HI values had significantly more changes with increasing setup errors in the IMRT than in the two techniques.

The radiobiologic parameters in IMRT were less sensitive to setup errors compared to FIF and CW techniques. The radiobiological parameters can help estimate the setup errors along with physical parameters during breast radiotherapy.

The existence of political parties is one of the necessities of efficient elections, because holding elections with a focus on parties will make the programs of governing the country more mature and reduce the unreasonable number of candidates. the party electoral system is superior to the non-party electoral system. Now the question is what is the optimal pattern of interaction between the party system and the elections? Given that no research has been done under this title so far, it is important to investigate this issue. This research uses descriptive-analytical method. Findings show that number of parties, multiparty system is the most desirable form of interaction between parties and elections because it causes maximum participation of political tendencies in elections, but government stability, bipartisan system is desirable form. Is interaction. The model of a one-party, two-party system with one party winning is an undemocratic form of party-election interaction. The relationship between the number of parties and the electoral system has been justified under the heading of the "bipartisan law", which is the subject of controversy. The desired pattern of interaction between parties and elections also includes the participation of parties in the management of elections, election monitoring and the introduction of candidates so that elections are held in a healthy manner. In the discussion of the electoral financial system, the preferred model is the interaction of transparency and control over the expenses of political parties by setting restrictions and prohibitions on election expenses and the obligation to disclose and report.

The "Vision Document of the Islamic Republic of Iran" has not adequately addressed messianism and belief in the promised figure, which can be remedied by formulating a cultural vision document based on Mahdism. The purpose of the current research is to formulate a comprehensive document on the development of the culture of Mahdism and waiting. The research population consists of experts, opinion leaders, and professors in the field of Mahdism and waiting in Iran. To gather information, several questionnaires were used based on different sections of the research, and the SWOT analysis method was employed for data analysis. Based on the results, 67 strengths, 113 weaknesses, 99 opportunities, and 72 threats were identified. Subsequently, an assessment matrix of internal and external factors was calculated, and the country's position was determined in a conservative (review and directional change) approach. Ultimately, given the country's position, ten overarching strategies were defined based on external opportunities and internal weaknesses. For each overarching strategy, specific strategies and operational plans were formulated.

The aim of this paper is to study the relationship between socialalienation and identity status of university students. Methodology of thisstudy is survey. In order to measure social alienation, Melvin Seaman’sscale including feelings of powerlessness, social anomie, social isolation,meaninglessness, and estrangement were used. In order to measure identitystatus EIS2-EOM Test provided by Adams and Benion (1989) was used.Statistical population of this study includes students of Tabriz IslamicAzad University. The sample includes 380 students chosen throughproportional stratified sampling method based on student’s gender andfaculty. Findings of the study show that, there is a significant correlationbetween social alienation and identity status of subjects. Average ofalienation among males is 48. 5 and females’ average is 49.3 that arestatistically meaningful. X2 Test shows that, there is a significantcorrelation between identity status and faculty that the rate of this relation(in Phi test) is 0. 38. Individuals with a strong identity base, because theyhave crossed the crisis and made commitments, are less exposed to socialalienation, use effective social skills, and have an appropriate behavior inanomic conditions.

Rapid advances in biochemistry and genetics lead to expansion of the various medical instruments fordetection and prevention tasks. On the other hand, food safety is an important concern which relates tothe public health. One of the most reliable tools to detect bioparticles (i.e., DNA molecules and proteins)and determining the authenticity of food products is the optical ring resonators. By depositing a recipientpolymeric layer of target particle on the periphery of an optical ring resonator, it is possible to identifythe existence of molecules by calculating the shift in the spectral response of the ring resonators. Themain purpose of this paper is to investigate the performance of two structures of optical ring resonators,(i) all-pass and (ii) add-drop resonators for sensing applications. We propose a new configuration forsensing applications by introducing a nanogap in the all-pass ring resonator. The performance of theseresonators is studied from sensing point of view. Simulation results, using finite difference time domainparadigm, revealed that the existence of a nanogap in the ring configuration achieves higher amount ofsensitivity; thus, this structure is more suitable for biosensing applications.

Increasing human populations and thus increased human encroachment on nature and its resources in order to meet the needs of their future life creatures faced with serious challenges.Arasbaran Protected Area is located in northwestern Azerbaijan prouvince, Iran.An area of 80,650 hectares and is one of the most valuable natural areas over the country in terms of animal and plant species and one of the nine regions of the biosphere reserves in Iran.Unfortunately, the manipulation of man by building roads and human development, induced state of emergency activities in the region, this paper tries to study all factors affecting species in the area wildlife, habitat, human life using the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats and may be somewhat improved area management problems.In order to achieve the objectives of this paper library research and field data collection process was carried out, to achieve long-term horizon habitat protection by examining the current situation it will attempt to reach the ideal situation.This practice by identifying strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities that we face in the study area is governed and to develop and analyze strategies for preserving habitats, sustainable use by local communities concerned, thus provide a practical model for the management of biosphere reserves Arasbaran suitable habitat and geographic conditions, the region's ecological potential.The objectives of the biosphere reserve in the sustainable utilization of the effective and continuous protection of local ecosystems, especially forests area, and the participation of local people and knowledge to provide area residents.It is recommended that included habitat management strategies Arasbaran be used by the Environmental Protection Agency

Inflammation and infectious agents such as Chlamydia pneumoniae have been associated with cardiovascular disease. To evaluate the serum high sensitivity C - reactive protein (hs-CRP) and antibodies against Chlamydia pneumoniae and Chlamydial heat shock protein-60 (Cp-HSP60) in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD). 62 patients with IHD having either acute myocardial infarction (AMI; n=31) or unstable angina (UA; n=31) and 31 sex- and age- matched healthy subjects as a control group were enrolled in this study. Serum samples of participants were tested for the presence of hs-CRP and antibodies against C. pneumoniae and Cp-HSP60 using ELISA method. The seroprevalence of anti-C. pneumoniae antibody in AMI group (93.5%) or UA group (90.3%) was significantly higher than the control group (61.3%; p<0.001). The seroprevalence of anti-Cp-HSP60 IgG was 22.6% in healthy subjects with mean end titer of 43.1 ± 6.32. The seropositive rates of anti-Cp-HSP60 were 48.4%, 54.8% and 51.6% in AMI, UA and the overall IHD groups with mean end titers of 94 ± 22.86, 113.8 ± 24.25 and 103.9 ± 16.57, respectively. Both the seroprevalence and the mean titer of anti-Cp-HSP60 in patients groups were significantly higher than those observed in the control group (p<0.04 and p<0.03, respectively). Moreover, the mean serum hs-CRP levels was significantly higher in the IHD group as compared to the control group (21.6 μg/ml ± 3.73 vs 2.5 μg/ml ± 0.52; p<0.00001). The mean serum hs-CRP levels of AMI (30.3 μg/ml ± 6.07) or UA (12.9 μg/ml ± 3.85) groups were also significantly higher than those observed in the control group (p<0.00001 and p<0.001, respectively). Furthermore, the difference of the mean serum hs-CRP levels between AMI and UA groups was also significant (p<0.02). These results showed that the seroprevalence of antibodies against C. pneumoniae and Cp-HSP60 and the serum levels of hs-CRP and anti-Cp-HSP60 IgG were higher in patients with IHD.