ali jabbari

The purpose of this study is to identify the threshold of systematic and non-systematic risks to the supply chain of oil, petrochemical, and chemical industries. The period of this research is 2011-2021. This research has two communities. The first society is the experts in the petrochemical and chemical industries, and the second society is the active firms in the petrochemical and chemical industries on the Tehran Stock Exchange. In this research, 99 risks affecting the supply chain of oil, petrochemical and chemical industries were investigated in the form of two categories: unsystematic risk factors (77 indicators) and systematic risk (22 indicators). Based on the expert’s opinion, using the Delphi-fuzzy type 3 approach, 23 unsystematic risk indicators and 13 systematic risk indicators were selected. Based on the principal component analysis approach, systematic and unsystematic risk components were extracted from the selected variables. The results of the PSTR model between the supply chain and systematic risk (0.353 negative impact above the threshold; 0.218 positive impact below the threshold) and unsystematic risk (0.413 negative impact above the threshold; 0.237 positive impact below the threshold) confirmed the behavior of the threshold.

The goal of the present study was to realize whether L1 (first language) or L2 (second language) affects the third language (L3) learning. Three mirror-image groups learning English were compared, as early learners of sequential Persian-Arabic bilinguals. The first group used L1 Persian-L2 Arabic languages. The second and the third groups used L1 Arabic-L2 Persian languages. Moreover, the first and the second groups used Persian, and the third group used Arabic as a language of communication. The Oxford Quick Placement Test (OQPT) was administered to select initial L3 English learners. Sixty English learners participated in the study. The translation task and Grammaticality Judgment Test were administered to elicit English attributive adjectives. To compare the performances of the three groups, the non-parametric equivalent of One-Way ANOVA, which was the Kruskal-Wallis test, was used. Mann-Whitney U tests were applied to recognize the probably significant differences among groups. None of the Cumulative Enhancement Model (CEM), the L1 Factor Hypotheses, the L2 Status Factor, and the Typological Primacy Model was confirmed. However, the influence of the dominant language of communication on L3 learning supported data. Groups one and two had better performances in the comprehension and production of attributive adjectives. Group three obtained the lowest mean score. This study lets us determine the influence of earlier acquired languages, Persian and Arabic, on the initial stage of learning L3 English attributive adjectives. The results indicate that the language of communication has a substantial effect on transferring from the first and second languages into the L3 language.

Today, the atomic force microscope has various applications in the manufacture of small-scale parts and the study of their mechanical properties. The study of mechanical properties of tissues can be considered as biomarkers for early detection of cancer and help in new treatments. There are diferent ways to detect cancerous tissues, and one of these ways is to check Young’s modulus of the tissue. One of the most recent methods for extracting Young's modulus in biological tissues is the use of atomic force microscopy. In this study, atomic force microscope was first used to extract Young's modulus of MCF-10 breast cancer tissue using 3 different cantilevers with rectangular, V-shaped and dagger geometries. The geometry of the cell was also assumed to be spherical according to the images obtained by atomic force microscopy. The force- indentation depth diagram was plotted by averaging the experimental results for each of the cantilevers separately. Finally, Young's modulus of breast cancer tissue for 3 cantilevers with rectangular, V-shaped and dagger geometries is extracted with Hertz contact model. By comparing the experimental and theoretical results and by changing the assumed range of Young's modulus for all 3 geometries of the cantilevers, it was observed that the use of V-shaped pole predicts a more accurate range of Young's modulus due to applying less force to the tissue. Young's modulus of breast cancer was considered between 1200 and 1250 (Pa) using V-shaped cantilevers.

Studies that have employed the Linguistic Proximity Model to account for crosslinguistic influence in third language learning so far have used child simultaneous bilinguals as participants in their research designs. This study investigated adult sequential Kirundi-French bilinguals to uncover factors driving cross-linguistic influence in learning L3 English present perfect tense using the same Linguistic Proximity Model as a theoretical framework. To achieve that goal, ninety participants including thirty L1 Kirundi, thirty L1 French, and thirty L1 Kirundi-L2 French learners of English were recruited. Those participants were selected using a stratified random sampling technique that took into account their linguistic backgrounds and their scores on the proficiency measure. Data were elicited using a background questionnaire, a quick placement test, a grammaticality judgment task, and a translation task. Descriptive statistics, independent-samples Kruskal-Wallis tests, analysis of variance, and multiple comparisons served in the data analysis. The results showed that simultaneous facilitative and non-facilitative cross-linguistic influence from French and Kirundi were operational at both lower and advanced stages of L3 development, with lower-proficiency learners experiencing negative influence from L1 Kirundi during production. These findings further support the Linguistic Proximity Model as an underlying theory for cross-linguistic influence in third-language learning. They can also serve as a guide in planning pedagogical activities for third language learners at differing stages of the target language development.

Continuous monitoring of the cardiovascular system and control of the changes affecting it is a constant challenge for the surgical team. The need to control the condition of the heart and better understand its condition is raised in the topic of advanced hemodynamic monitoring, which is a set of different techniques for real-time monitoring of the cardiovascular condition and its influencing factors. Cardiac output, as the most important indicator of cardiac function, is an integral part of cardiac monitoring systems. The measurement of this index has witnessed extensive changes in the past few years, which clearly shows its importance. Cardiac surgery is one of the most serious cases that requires accurate assessment of cardiac output and advanced hemodynamic monitoring. Therefore, the present study examines the types of cardiac output in cardiac surgery.

Along with the development of hybrid electric vehicles, researchers are trying to reduce existing limitations such as noise and environmental concerns and improve the efficiency and reliability of these systems. The use of magnetic gear technology is one of the solutions that have been recently proposed to remove these limitations and achieve higher benefits. In this paper, a mechanically coupled magnetic geared (MCMG) machine has been introduced. An accurate analytical model based on the subdomain method is presented to calculate the magnetic machine performance. To do this, first, a pseudo-Cartesian coordinate system is specified, and then the constitutive equations, i.e. Laplace’s and Poisson’s equations are rewritten for different regions of the machine. The separation of variables method was used to determine the general solution of the equations. Then by applying appropriate interface and boundary conditions, the Fourier coefficients of the equations were determined. To verify the analytical results, the performance of the proposed magnetic machine is numerically simulated using the finite element method in commercial software, and then a prototype is built and tested in three distinct modes. By comparing the analysis results with numerical simulation results and experimental tests, the high accuracy of the proposed analytical model can be confirmed.

The liver is one of the most important organs of the body, which is responsible for the metabolism of proteins and detoxification of the body. Examining tissue and studying its mechanical properties can be a platform for the early diagnosis of cancer and then the identification of treatment methods. An atomic force microscope is a very powerful tool in imaging and identifying the mechanical properties of nanoparticles in more advanced stages for the manipulation of these particles. In this research, Young's modulus of liver cancer tissue was investigated using an atomic force microscope and using three types of cantilevers with rectangular, V-shaped, and dagger geometries. Then, using the Hertz contact model, the range of Young's modulus was simulated for all three types of atomic force microscope cantilevers. The results of experimental work and theoretical simulations were compared. Finally, in order to validate, the results obtained in this study were compared with other studies. The obtained results showed that the use of a V-shaped cantilever achieves a more accurate range of Young's modulus. Also, Young's modulus for liver cancer tissue was obtained in the range of 800 to 1500 pascals.

Currently, dissimilar metal joining processes are receiving considerable attention in various industries. The objective is to create composite structures that are both high-strength and lightweight, ultimately reducing the weight of the final product. Researchers have recently proposed friction drilling as a new method for creating joints between dissimilar metal sheets. This innovative technique offers potential advantages in achieving the desired outcomes. In this process, metal sheets are placed on top of each other and simultaneously subjected to friction drilling. As a result, this process not only creates an effective space for tapping but also establishes a frictional joint between the two sheets. Research has shown that preheating up to 350°C can have desirable effects on reducing the gap between the two sheets in the vicinity of the created joint between aluminum and stainless steel using the above-mentioned method. In the upcoming work, the effect of preheating on tool wear in simultaneous friction drilling of aluminum sheet AA6061T6 and stainless steel AISI304L using a tungsten carbide drilling tool has been experimentally analyzed, and the findings indicate that increasing the preheating temperature up to 350°C leads to a 13.77% increase in tool adhesive wear and a 0.46% increase in tool abrasive wear.

Cost reduction, increased efficiency and reliability, extended service life, reduced noise and vibration, and environmental friendliness are critical for new generation wind turbines and electric vehicles. Segmented Hybrid Permanent Magnet (SHPM) machines, on the other hand, which are primarily segmented PMs combined with different materials, dimensions, and magnetization directions, offer a way to meet these needs. In this study, we present nine topologies of segmented PM-rotor SHPM generators based on the Taguchi experimental design method, while presenting a simple and accurate model based on subdomain method for estimating the magnetic performance characteristics of SHPM machines. An analytical model is provided. Magnetic partial differential equations (MPDEs) are represented in a pseudo-Cartesian coordinate system, and with appropriate boundary conditions (BC) and interface conditions (IC), the general solution and its Fourier coefficients are extracted using a variable separation approach. The performance characteristics of nine of the SHPM machines studied were compared semi-analytically and numerically. Two prototype SHPM machines were manufactured and semi-analytical modeling results were compared with finite element analysis (FEA) methods and experimental testing (load mode) on a generator. The FEA simulation and experimental test results have a maximum error rate of about 3, confirming the high accuracy of the provided semi-analytical model. We compare the induced voltage, torque ripple and magnetic torque among the investigated topologies.

Drawing on qualitative research, this study explores, from a complex dynamic systems theory perspective, the motivation of Burundi junior high school students simultaneously learning L2 French and L3s English and Kiswahili. It aims to fill the gap in research on (1) changes in motivational dynamics and factors responsible for any fluctuations in the levels of motivation over time and (2) complex interactions between different learner variables among multiple language learners. Twelve school pupils who were all Kirundi native speakers participated in this study. Retrospective interviews were used to collect data relating to the students’ multilingual learning experiences over the period of their formal education. The findings indicated that the intensity in learning each target language fluctuated over time with English generally enjoying the highest increase and Kiswahili the lowest and that different factors were responsible for such dynamic changes. Besides, complex interactions between the students’ L1, L2, and L3s linguistic knowledge and their foreign language learning motivations were revealed. These results indeed highlight the complex and dynamic nature of motivation in learning multiple languages. In the light of these findings, practical implications are discussed based on the Burundi educational context.

It is very important to improve the parameters of the electric motor in order to improve its performance. One of the ways to improve the performance of electric motors is to use permanent magnets in the structure of induction motors. These types of motors are known as line start motors. The use of permanent magnets eliminates ohmic losses and increases efficiency. Due to the fact that permanent magnetism plays the most important role in these motors, the smallest change in the magnetic properties of the used magnet will cause malfunction of the machine. One of the important phenomena that changes the properties of the core magnet is the phenomenon of demagnetization. Although this phenomenon has very destructive effects on engine performance, the design of electric motors is still done without considering this issue. In this article, a line start motor is designed. The numerical simulation results show that the performance and efficiency of the motor in the demagnetization mode are significantly reduced. Also, the increased current in demagnetized motors causes a further decrease in the magnet's magnetic properties. This effect is progressively repeated many times until the property of the applied permanent magnet is lost. Finally, an analytical model was presented for examining and designing electric motors, considering the effects of demagnetization. The results showed that the use of the analytical model of motor design considering the effects of demagnetization can be a suitable alternative to the use of conventional methods in the design of electric motors.

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a multisystem disorder characterized by progressive renal cysts formation and extra-renal manifestations. Infection within the cysts and abscess formation are rare but life threatening if left untreated. We present a rare case of peritonitis presentation due to intraperitoneal rupture of an infected cyst in a woman with polycystic kidney disease.

 A 42-year-old woman presented with constant progressing abdominal pain and vomiting. She complained of abdominal distention, bloating, and a change in bowel habits from two days ago. On physical examination, bilateral enlarged masses of flanks, generalized tenderness, and distention of the abdomen were found. The patient received conventional therapy. After appropriate fluid and electrolyte management and rescue care, appropriate antibiotics were prescribed, and laparotomy was performed. The rupture of an infected cyst of the right polycystic kidney into the peritoneal cavity was the cause of peritonitis in this patient. She successfully underwent a right radical nephrectomy (32×21cm, and 3,300 gr). The postoperative period was uneventful and the patient was discharged from the hospital after a week.

Antibiotic therapy is the first step in the treatment of renal cyst infection. When primary antibiotic therapy fails, drainage of the infected cyst is recommended. In medically fit patients for surgery and patients who present with complications of the infected cyst, radical surgery and nephrectomy is the procedure of choice. The best outcome is achieved after nephrectomy.

Inclusion as a vast-growing practice commits teachers, the central pillar of the inclusive education, to maximize learning outcomes for all learners. In spite of voluminous research on inclusion and the critical role of teachers in its successful implementation, there remains a paucity of research on EFL teachers’ practices for students with disabilities in inclusive classes. This qualitative study aimed to detect EFL teachers’ practices in inclusive English language classes and describe how inclusion may influence teacher practices. To this end, five English language classes were observed for sixteen 90-minute sessions (7200 minutes), and30 EFL teachers (15 male and 15 female) with the experience of teaching at least one learner with physical disability over the past six months were also interviewed. This multiple-case study revealed that EFL teachers' practices are partially, but not completely, tailored to the needs of learners with disabilities in inclusive EFL classes. A conceptual framework was also developed based on 483 extracted entries, according to which teachers’ inclusive practices in EFL classes were classified into support-oriented (and non-support-oriented categories. Findings also offered valuable insights into the current status of inclusive English language teaching in Iran. The pedagogical implications of the study are discussed in the paper.

Life skills are abilities that enable a person to cope effectively with the demands and conflicts of life.The present study aims to provide a management model for the implementation of life skills training for elementary students based on the 4H and three-pronged model.research

The present research was a series of consecutive conversions (qualitative and quantitative) in terms of applied development objectives and in terms of data, and in terms of the type of study and the nature of the research, it was a systematic review in terms of quality and cross-sectional in terms of quantity. The statistical population of the study was all primary teachers working in primary schools in Rafsanjan (1457 people). Targeted and Delphi sampling methods were used to determine the sample size in qualitative dimension and Cochran sampling in quantitative dimension. The number of samples was estimated to be at least 304. The measuring instrument was two researcher-made questionnaires (Life Skills Questionnaire with 91 questions and Tricolor Factors Questionnaire with 27 questions).

The results of the present study showed that one of the most important components affecting life skills is the textbook of contextual factors that can include 6 components of life skills including: communication, deliverable skills, self-responsibility, work ethic, management, healthy living skills And the most important influential component on the life skills of society is one of the behavioral factors that can predict 5 components of life skills .

Research model with 15 life skills including communication skills, trustworthy skills, self-responsibility, work ethic, management, healthy living skills, critical thinking, approval, creative thinking, self-awareness, determination, problem solving, attention to others, self-esteem and 10 The component is presented from three factors including textbook, television, workshop, family, peers, community, cyberspace, counselor, extracurricular books and school.

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a kind of extracorporeal life support for prolonged hemodynamic and respiratory Assist to persons whose cardio vascular and respiratory system are unable to support basic metabolic needs of the body. ECMO re mains an option for the treatment of patients with refractory hypoxemia in SARS-CoV-2 disease despite advanced cardiopulmonary support. It is very sophisticated intensive procedure and dependent to the operator skills and experience, but could be a life-saving treatment. This method of treatment could not be suggested as a solution, but since this strategy is the only way left to prevent on witness patient death so, it is still noticeable as a rescue therapy.

Rabies is a viral infection involving the central nervous system that is almost always fatal without proper post exposure prophylaxis. Here, we present a 38 years-old male with dog-bite and late attention whom, managed in intensive care unit. After 21 days, the disease progressed to serious neurologic and hemodynamic damage including motor disorders and imbalance in blood pressure and cardiac rhythm. Clinical management of the patient consisted of antiviral agents (Amantadine and Ribavirin), neuroprotection, sedation-paralysis and supportive care. Patient was survived 43 days from the clinical disease onset. Although our patient died in spite of intensive care, advances in the use of sedation-paralysis and early prescription of antiviral agents raised hopes that it may eventually be possible to save rabies patients.

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is an acute tick-borne viral hemorrhagic zoonotic disease with increasing human health impact [1]. It is a fatal emerging infectious disease characterized by fever and hemorrhagic manifestations. CCHF virus is a single-stranded RNA Nairovirus from the Arbovirus group. This virus is endemic in Iran [1]. CCHF has four steps in the clinical presentation including; incubation period, pre-hemorrhagic stage, hemorrhagic state, and convalescence. The incubation period following a tick bite is usually between 3-7 days and 14 days after blood transfusion. The onset of the illness is sudden, with fever, myalgia, dizziness, headache, neck stiffness, and vomiting, followed by development to the hemorrhagic state. Actually, the CCHF clinical manifestation is variable from asymptomatic to the mild or severe form. The hemorrhagic state develops from the 3rd to the 5th day and presents with petechial rash and purpura on the skin. Hemorrhagic phenomena may include melena, hematuria, epistaxis, and bleeding from mucosal surfaces or needle punctured sites [1-2]. Although Thrombocytopenia and Leukopenia are the main laboratory findings in CCHF disease and Lymphocyte count varies according to the host’s immune response, patients with progressive fatal clinical manifestations have a relative increase in neutrophil and a decrease in lymphocyte and monocyte counts. The relative increase in neutrophil counts leads to excessive cytokine release. This excessive secretion of cytokines has toxic effects on the activation of endothelial cells and vascular permeability, which cause vascular dysfunction, disseminated intravascular coagulation, hemorrhage, hypotension, and shock. The decrease in lymphocyte counts results in humoral antibody response depletion [3]. During CCHF progression, some patients present a clinicopathologic condition characterized by higher fever, hepatosplenomegaly, hyperferritinemia, and increased hemophagocytic macrophage proliferation, and activation in the reticuloendothelial system. This condition could be considered as secondary Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) [3-4]. Secondary HLH is a fatal hyper-inflammatory condition involving a cytokine cascade, with elevations of cytokines secreted by T-lymphocytes and macrophages (IL2, IL6, TNFα, IFNγ), which lead to the over-activation of antigen-presenting cells and CD8+ T cells, and hematopoietic cells devoured by activated macrophages. Uncontrolled T-lymphocytes (CD4+) activation and overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines with macrophagic-based hemophagocytosis are well established in secondary HLH [4-6]. CCHF is not a recurrent or relapsing disease, and it does not impose any long-term sequelae, with the only relevant outcome being survival. There are four major important aspects in the treatment of CCHF; close monitoring, supportive treatment, early antiviral agents, and the treatment of complications like the hemorrhagic state [1-2]. Some studies did not support Ribavirin (a synthetic purine nucleoside analog) as an effective antiviral agent in the CCHF treatment, however, a majority of researchers consider the significant role of Ribavirin [1,2,5]. We prescribe Ribavirin to our patients in the early stage, and consider steroids in the hemorrhagic period before disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC) development. Platelet count, fibrinogen, and D-dimer levels are important for the early detection of DIC, which also allows the early correction of coagulation parameters [2-3]. Platelet (Plt) transfusion is reserved for patients with Plt count lower than 20000 or a hemorrhagic state with Plt count lower than 100000. We prescribe Intravenous immunoglobulin and Methylprednisolone for the severe form of CCHF with refractory thrombocytopenia. Even though immunosuppression is known to exacerbate viremia, however, the use of immunosuppressive agents along with intravenous immunoglobulin and Methylprednisolone might be considered in the treatment of the patients with CCHF, who have uncontrolled hemophagocytosis and severe bleeding symptoms. Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP) transfusion is indicated for the correction of coagulopathy. We transfuse FFP when PTT, PT and the international normalized ratio (INR) are at least 3 times greater than the upper limit of the normal range and are accompanied by a hypocoagulopathy state. We prescribe 15 ml/kg FFP and evaluate the patient’s condition after 4 hours. FFP could be repeated every 8-12 hours, if necessary. The prothrombin complex concentrates (PCC), which contains the human coagulation factors including II, VII, IX and X together with the endogenous inhibitor proteins S and C, must be considered when faced with severe coagulopathy in a patient having limited cardiovascular reserve (low cardiac output condition) or when we have an observed target. Packed red blood cell transfusion is necessary only if the hemoglobin concentration becomes lower than 8 mg/dL, or if there is significant documentation indicating tissue oxygen delivery disturbance, like a rise in the arterial blood lactate. It is presumed that the electrolyte balance, fluid substitution, hemodynamic support, appropriate blood product transfusion, and augmentation of the patient's hemostasis profile all have a significant effect on the patient's outcome, and careful attention should be accorded to these aspects.

Post spinal anesthesia headache (PSAH) is a headache occurring after spinal anesthesia induction due to Dura and arachnoid puncture and has a significant effect on the patients’ post operative well being.

We run a cross sectional descriptive study on patient under spinal anesthesia that suffer from post spinal anesthesia headache parallel with a review on observational and experimental studies in the medical databases of PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane for preparing a strategy in prevention and treatment of post spinal anesthesia headache. Aim of this study was adapting different treatment method and prevention system of Post Spinal Anesthesia Headache (PSAH) according to our facilities base on our observation and experiences.

The overall incidence of post-Spinal Anesthesia headache has a very wide range. Its incidence obtained 17.3% by spinal needle 25G Quincke in our observation. Under hydration and tension headaches could be a factor influencing the incidence of PSAH. Intravenous administration of caffeine may be effective for prophylaxis of PSAH. Pregabalin has also been shown to alleviate PSAH. Drugs that have been used to treat PSAH include caffeine, NSAIDs, vasopressin, hydrocortisone, dexamethasone, theophylline, sumatriptan, gabapentin and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).

A combination of keeping patients normovulemic during the spinal anesthesia induction and prophylaxis prescription of caffeine and Dexamethone before and; Aminophylline and NSAIDS after the procedure could have a main role in keeping and treatment of the patient from PSAH.

Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) has become an effective treatment for a wide range of hematologic and non-hematologic diseases. Patients undergoing HSCT might require multiple platelets and red blood cell (RBC) transfusions during aplasia phase until engraftment, which could profoundly affect patients’ conditions. Identification of risk factors associated with blood product requirements could help in decreasing transfusion-related complications. We evaluated the association of disease type, pre-transplant hemoglobin level, and pre-transplant platelet count with RBC/platelet transfusion requirement after auto-HSCT.

In this retrospective study, 324 patients diagnosed with multiple myeloma (MM), Hodgkin disease (HD), and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and underwent auto-HSCT were included. The associations of disease type, pre-transplant hemoglobin level, and platelet count with post-transplant packed cell and single-/random-donor platelet transfusions were evaluated.

Our study results illustrated that the higher pre-transplant hemoglobin level significantly decreased the post-HSCT requirement for packed cell (IRR=0.81, [CI: 9.73-0.90], P=0.0001), while the pre-transplant platelet showed no significant relationship with platelet requirement after HSCT. HD was associated with increment in packed cell (IRR=2.04, [CI: 1.35-3.08], P=0.001) and single donor platelet (IRR=1.39, [CI: 1.09-1.78], P=0.008) requirement after transplant. The trends showed that a higher platelet level led to a lower need for platelet transfusion.

Pre-transplant hemoglobin level could be valuable markers for predicting post-HSCT RBC requirements and might be beneficial for better management of transfusion requirements to minimize the transfusion-related complications. Patients with HD seem to be more prone to blood product requirements post-transplant.