ali karim hadisi

Waqf [a system of land-based charitable endowment], as rooted in historical and religious traditions in Iran and the Islamic world, has always been a topic of interest for believers, philanthropists, statesmen, and of course those who have benefited from it in different social groups and classes. For a long time, the mechanisms of waqf as a non-governmental and traditional institution have been very influential on various social, political, economic, and cultural structures. Today, with the introduction of the idea of small government and big civil society, these institutions have the potential for attracting renewed attention to revise their internal and external mechanisms and to revitalize their functionality. The main question of this study is as follow: from the standpoint of New Institutionalism, how does waqf as a Sharia-based, society-centered, andnon-governmental institution affect political participation? Our hypothesis is that the practice of waqf facilitates higher degrees of political participation sinceas a non-governmental institution, it takes up some of the responsibilities of the state for social justice, and with a philanthropy that is based in piety and humanism, it contributes to the distribution of wealth and resources. Indeed we can account for different aspects of this mechanism by re-reading the concept of waqf andits historical background from the perspective of New Institutionalism. This research tries to help represent this neglected field by using a qualitative-conceptual method. Findings of this study portrayWaqf in three ways; "Social participation" through focusing on health care, "economic participation" through donations and welfare services, and "political participation" through cultural-educational functions, especially for the needy and disadvantaged groups Governance helps and has the talent to serve as a model of efficient and community-based governance.

A principled way to analyze a social movement is to examine the degree to which the demands of the movement are consistent with its norms and theoretical framework. In this article, which focus on the movement of Mirza Koochak Khaan in Gilan, has been examined the chief demands of "Jangal", the official newspaper of the movement. The aim is to verify the claim that the movement of Mirza Koochak Khaan was founded on the principles of (a) respecting Iran's independence and national unity, and (b) respecting the rule of the legitimate parliament and the constitutional king. This article also has been examined the idea that the movement actually acted in accordance with these two principles. The methodology of this research is based on textual analysis of the aforementioned newspaper. This article has been conducted the textual analysis based on comparative methods and supplement it, as much as possible, with conceptual analysis.This research has been started by examining the historical process in which Mirza played a role in the people of Gilan's uprising during the Constitutional Revolution. Thus, look for the roots of the movement in Gilan and analyze the historical context in which it was conceived. Further, point to the goals of the Constitutional Revolution which had not been achieved and which essentially led to rise of Miza's movement. After this historical analysis, briefly discuss different views of social and political scientists, insisting that no single political/ social theory can account for all aspects of Mirza's movement. Each of these socio-political theories explain some aspects of the Jangal movement in their own ways. However, we should note the local context in which the movement took place, and understand the way in which this contextual analysis adds to the theoretical framework.