ali mohammad alimohammadi

It is possible to identify drugs and poisons present in cadavers by analyzing blowfly larvae and pupae col lected during forensic autopsies. The main purpose of this study was to use Lucilia sericata’s larvae and pupae to iden tify drugs and poisons present in human cadavers.

In an investigation, immature L. sericata fed meat treated with methamphetamine (MA) at various concentra tions (45, 90, and 180 ng/mg) were analyzed to detect MA. Acetylation derivatization and liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) were used as sample preparation methods prior to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analytical instru men tation to find MA.

According to this study, L. sericata can be used in toxicological testing to identify MA in a host body. All L. seri cata larval stages, particularly the third stage larva, pupa and empty pupa tested were positive for MA. Larvae in their first instar produced weak peaks. The L. sericata post-feeding instar following the 45 ng/mg treatment showed the highest MA concentration. For the first time, derivatization using the acetylation approach was used to prepare samples, and successfully, excellent results were obtained.

Low quantities of MA can be easily found in immature fly samples using GC-MS. It is important to ana lyze all samples including human tissues and insect samples, for postmortem drug testing. They can be utilized to find entire MA before they are excreted in excretory samples such as urine. Also, third instar larvae are a great and reliable sample for toxicological study.

The statistical yearbook of forensic medicine shows an annual increase in the number of cases referred to medical commissions due to complaints of "misdiagnosis in abortion cases. Although perhaps one of the reasons for the increase in the number of complaints is the increase in the number of clients, considering the updating of maternal and fetal indications for therapeutic abortion and the development of new guidelines, the performance evaluation of forensic experts in relation to the extent of compliance with the latest approved laws in order to find the causes of the trend The rise of complaints seems necessary.

In this Existing data study, all the opinions issued in the cases referred to the medical commissions department of Tehran province due to the complaint of "diagnostic error in abortion cases" from March 2016 to March 2020 were reviewed. Diagnostic error in complaint files regarding abortion treatment regarding fetal indications means not requesting timely tests or sonograms related to the complaint, such as echocardiography of the fetal heart - gene screening test - genetic tests (karyotype - cytogenetic - rapid test) Consultation request with a perinatologist - consultation requests with the relevant specialist depending on the type of maternal disease or fetal anomaly, etc.) by the obstetrician and gynecologist; failure to diagnose fetal abnormalities by radiologists or Perinatologists;              Non - diagnosis and incorrect reporting in the cases of gene testing - genetic tests (karyotype - cytogenetic - rapid test by genetics specialist and laboratory and regarding maternal indications for abortion therapy, failure to timely diagnose the mother's underlying disease by specialist and subspecialist doctors in the field Medical treatment depends on the type of mother's illness.

Out of a total of 22 existing cases, the opinions issued in all cases were in accordance with the latest laws approved in Iran. The highest number of complaints (40.9%) was from gynecologists and obstetricians. Review of issued ideas indicated 6 cases (27.3%) of disciplinary error, 15 cases (68.2%) of acquittal, and 1 case (4.5%) of the impossibility of issuing a theory due to the lack of evidence and documentation in the file.

It seems that the views issued by the Tehran Medical Commission do not conflict with the laws of medical abortion. It recommends conducting more studies in other medical commissions.

Methamphetamine (MA), is an extremely addictive stimulant that adversely af - fects the central nervous system. Accumulating evidence indicates that molecular mechanisms such as oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy are involved in the toxicity of MA. Consid - ering experimental animal studies exhibiting MA-induced neurotoxicity, the relevance of these findings needs to be evidently elucidated in human MA users. It is generally assumed that mul - tiple chemical substances released in the brain following MA-induced metabolic activation are primary factors underlying damage of neural cells. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the role of autophagy and apoptosis as well as oxidative stress in the brain of postmortem MA-in - duced toxicity.

In this study, we determine the gene expression of autophagy and apoptosis, including BECN1, MAP1ALC3, CASP8, TP53 , and BAX genes in ten healthy controls and ten chronic users of MA postmortem dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLP - FC) by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Also, we applied immunohistochemistry in forma - lin-fixed and paraffin-embedded human brain samples to analyze brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Also, spectrophotometry was performed to measure glutathione (GSH) content.

The expression level of apoptotic and autophagic genes ( BECN1, MAP1ALC3, CASP8, TP53, and BAX) were significantly elevated, while GSH content and BDNF showed substantial reductions in DLPFC of chronic MA users.

Our data showed that MA addiction provokes transduction pathways, namely apoptosis and autophagy, along with oxidative mech - anisms in DLPFC. Also, MA induces multiple functional and structural perturbations in the brain, determining its toxicity and possibly contributing to neurotoxicity.

Wound healing can have a very important impact on the patients’ quality of life. For its treatment, wound dressings have vital and effective uses. Indeed, the use of a proper wound dressing can improve the healing process and duration. Recently, wound dressings with unique properties have been prepared using natural hydrogels. In addition to the general wound characteristics, new generations of wound dressings, such as those lasting longer on the wound, can have specific properties such as transferring allogeneic cells to enhance the healing effect and speed up the healing process. The present study aimed to prepare a gelatin-based hydrogel and to characterize it for therapeutic purposes.

In this experimental-laboratory study, a gelatin hydrogel was made using a microbial transglutaminase (mTG) enzyme. The prepared hydrogel was evaluated in terms of appearance, physical, and chemical properties. To investigate the biological properties of the hydrogel, cells were cultured on it and the toxicity of the hydrogel for the cells was investigated. The location of the cells on the hydrogel was imaged via an electron microscope. The absorption and reflectance characteristics of the hydrogel were recorded by optical spectroscopy. Data were collected and statistical analysis was performed.

The results showed that the mTG gelatin hydrogel had a uniform pore size and good physical, chemical, and mechanical properties for use in wound healing. Cell experiments showed evident cell proliferation and high viability. The results also revealed that the cells grew vigorously and adhered tightly to the hydrogel.

The preparation of a gelatin hydrogel under GMP conditions can be considered in the healing of diabetic wounds and burns.

Determination of victim’s clothes in gunshot wounds is important due to the necessity of immediate workup in the emergency room as well as the legal aspects of cases. The aim of this study is to evaluate the importance of victim’s clothes in gunshot wounds referred to autopsy hall of legal medicine bureau of Tehran, Iran from 2014 to 2017. In this analytical comparative study, 202 consecutive cadavers of gunshot victims, referred to Tehran Legal Medical Hall from 2014 to 2017, were enrolled and the effect of shotgun and gunshot wound were determined and compared. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. The significance level of the tests was considered as P < 0.05. Spearman correlation coefficient and chi-square tests were used accordingly. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22. In this study, all women were killed by gunshot. Also, all of the 26 people who were killed by shotgun were men. The mean of age only in males was 39-48 years for shotgun, and 29-38 years in both genders for gunshot. Evaluation of their clothes in the emergency room and autopsy hall was helpful in 70% of cases in order to determine shot distance and type of gun (P = 0.0001). Conversely, we did not observe a significant difference between sex (P = 0.082) and the pattern of death (P = 0.211). Based on the obtained results, it seems that some characteristics of victim’s clothes may be useful to differentiate shotgun and gunshot.

Thyroid cartilage ossifies through time. In addition to different methods for age estimation, ossified volume can be a valuable index for age estimation. In this study, anthropometric characteristics and ossified volume were measured using CT scan imaging to find potential correlations between measures and age.

In this study, 100 thyroid cartilage of Iranian corpses (60 men and 40 women) were studied. Corpses from Kahrizak hall of Tehran Legal Medicine Organization were included in this study. After obtaining required consent from their family, their thyroid cartilage was separated by an expert, and anthropometric properties of the cartilage were recorded. A 64-slice Siemens CT scan machine was used to measure specimen ossified volume and Hounsfield score by 3D reconstruction of images.  Pearson’s correlation test was used to measure the correlation between thyroid calcified volume and chronological age. Repeated measurement ANOVA test was also used to measure the correlation of the ossified volume and Hounsfield score with different age groups. SPSS version 22 was used for statistical analysis, and significance level was set at than 0.05.

All thyroid cartilage measures were higher in men than in women, except for thyroid angle, and the differences were statistically significant. Height of the laminae (R=0.23, p=0.023) and depth of the thyroid notch (R=0.198, p=0.049) were correlated with age. Mean ossified volume (6.1±1.7 cc) and Hounsfield score (308.8±53.5 HU) were directly correlated with age (R=0.205; p=0.040 and R=0.219; p=0.029, respectively), but none of these two radiologic parameters were correlated with age groups (p=0.331 and 0.063, respectively). No specific ossification pattern was obtained from CT images in different age groups.

A combination of anthropometric measures such as the height of the laminae and depth of the thyroid notch with CT scan imaging measures such as ossified volume and the Hounsfield score are useful to estimate age with low precision. In addition, thyroid cartilage measures are useful for sex determination.

This paper examines the relationship between accounting information quality and capital investment choice from the perspective of accounting information’s governance function in Tehran STOCK Exchange during 2011-2016 .In this paper the capital investment choice is measured as the correlation of growth of operating sales between company and industry and implies that whether managers focus on core business in their capital decisions. The results show that the higher the quality of publicly listed firms’ accounting information, the stronger that correlation, particularly when the corporate governance of the listed company is poor. The findings imply that accounting information quality can thus optimize the capital investment choice, which complements and strengthens the functioning of corporate governance. The governance function of accounting information influences capital investment choice by decreasing information asymmetry and increasing information transparency. Hence, regulators should pay more attention to the market’s power to supervise the behavior of listed firms, improve the governance functions of accounting information and increase the eciency of capital allocation.

This paper investigates the relation between innovation of defense sector firms and the economic efficiency. 22 firms active in defense sector were selected and their operation data in years 1394 and 1395 was captured. The innovation level of every firm was verified by leading and innovation strategy key criterions, innovation resources management, level of intelligence in innovation ideas identification, innovation research and development management, innovation network management and learning procedure, commercializing innovation and social and human resources resulted from innovation. For this purpose, we used 112 items of innovation level evaluation designed by Iran Technology Management Association. Economic productivity is defined as the ratio of output to input. Output is economic value added and input is the cost of factors of production. We have used regression analysis to investigate the study hypothesis. Results show a positive and statistically significant relation between innovation and economic efficiency in defense sector. It is also concluded that defense sector firms can simultaneously focus on innovation and economic efficiency.

There is growing interest in how management controls operate together as a package of interrelated mechanisms. In world, paid attention to this subject but in Iran, there is weakly literature about this. So to increase knowledge about this and review of control packages in defense industrial companies , this study by using the method of Bedford and Malmi (2015), explores how multiple accounting and other control mechanisms commonly combine and the associations these combinations have with firm context.Here, using a cross-sectional sample of 150 firms, this study presents an empirically derived taxonomy of four control configurations used by top managers, labeled as simple, results, devolved, and hybrid. Again the results suggest, there is a relation between contextual attributions and using these management control packages. Furthermore in analyzing these configurations, this study provides accounting and control researchers with empirical observations to understand accounting control mechanism situation in management control framework.

Natural and unexpected death that happens within less than one hour of first symptom occurrence is called sudden death. Cardiovascular diseases are the main known reason of sudden death and more than 75% of sudden deaths in athletes are assigned to it. Here we reported the autopsy results of all cases with sudden death following exercise that were referred to forensic center of Tehran, Iran, from 2009 to 2014.
In this cross sectional study all subjects who were registered to forensic medicine center of Tehran, Iran, from 2009 to 2014, as a case of sudden death following exercise were evaluated. Demographic data and medical history as well as autopsy and toxicology findings were retrospectively gathered using profiles of the deceased. Results were reported using descriptive analysis.
14 cases were registered as sudden death following exercise in forensic medicine profiles during the study period. Exploring the files of the mentioned deceased, revealed five non-compatible cases in this regard. Finally, 9 eligible cases were enrolled (88.9% male). The mean age of the deceased was 28.66 ± 10.86 years (range: 7 – 40). Toxicological tests were available for 7 cases, one of which was positive for tramadol. Sudden death following football was reported most frequently (44.4%). Only 3 (33.3%) cases had herald signs such as chest pain, syncope, or loss of consciousness. 1 case (11.11%) had a positive history of sudden death in relatives.
Although most sudden death victims are asymptomatic until the event, all those who suffer from symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, dizziness, fatigue and irregular heart rate during physical activities, should be screened regarding common probable causes of sudden death.

The purpose of this paper is to develop a model for prediction of present and prospect stock return using financial ratios. For this purpose, decision tree method was used. In this approach, a set of logical conditions in a hierarchical algorithmic model have been used for prediction or recognition of an event. Hereupon in this research, 70 percent of data were used to produce models in four popular decision tree algorithms (CHAID, ECHAID, QUEST and CRT) and the results of the tests were compared in 30 percent of residual of data with some of performance measures like accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. Information of 317 companies accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange was used in this study. The results indicated that ECHAID and CRT algorithms performed best in the prediction of present and CHAID algorithm in that of future. It was also shown that the models were better in that of present compared to that of future. The abilities of the models, however, were not significant in both cases. Accordingly, the hypothesis of the study was rejected.

Although death is a gradual process, sometimes sudden death occurs in a fraction of a minute or seconds. Here we report a 49-year-old man without any underlying disease, which has instantly died in an accident scene due to compression of neck critical elements by a three-point seat belt. The examination of the body and the results of the autopsy, toxicology and pathology tests are described from the viewpoint of forensic medicine.